Strength Of CP Violation Research Articles

Do the small numbers in the quark mixing arise from new physics?

We put forward the conjecture that the small numbers in the V_text {CKM} matrix, are generated by physics beyond the Standard Model. We identify as small numbers V_{ub} and the strength of CP violation, measured by |text {Im}Q|, where Q stands for a rephasing invariant quartet of V_text {CKM}. We illustrate how the conjecture can be realised in the context of an extension of the Standard Model where an up-type vector-like quark is introduced leading to a realistic spectrum of quark masses and an effective V_text {CKM} in agreement with experiment.

Simulations of Cold Electroweak Baryogenesis: hypercharge U(1) and the creation of helical magnetic fields

We perform numerical simulations of Cold Electroweak Baryogenesis, including for the first time in the Bosonic sector the full electroweak gauge group SU(2) × U(1) and CP-violation. We find that the maximum generated baryon asymmetry is reduced by a factor of three relative to the SU(2)-only model of [1], but that the quench time dependence is very similar. In addition, we compute the magnitude of the helical magnetic fields, and find that it is proportional to the strength of CP-violation and dependent on quench time, but is not proportional to the magnitude of the baryon asymmetry as proposed in [2, 3]. Astrophysical signatures of primordial magnetic helicity can therefore not in general be used as evidence that electroweak baryogenesis has taken place.

Test of CP invariance in vector-boson fusion production of the Higgs boson using the Optimal Observable method in the ditau decay channel with the ATLAS detector.

A test of CP invariance in Higgs boson production via vector-boson fusion using the method of the Optimal Observable is presented. The analysis exploits the decay mode of the Higgs boson into a pair of tau leptons and is based on 20.3 mathrm{fb}^{-1} of proton–proton collision data at sqrt{s} = 8 ,mathrm{TeV} collected by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. Contributions from CP-violating interactions between the Higgs boson and electroweak gauge bosons are described in an effective field theory framework, in which the strength of CP violation is governed by a single parameter tilde{d}. The mean values and distributions of CP-odd observables agree with the expectation in the Standard Model and show no sign of CP violation. The CP-mixing parameter tilde{d} is constrained to the interval (-0.11,0.05) at 68% confidence level, consistent with the Standard Model expectation of tilde{d}=0.

Towards Reviving Electroweak Baryogenesis with a Fourth Generation

Electroweak baryogenesis is an attractive scenario for explaining the baryon asymmetry of the universe. However, it does not work within the standard model due to two reasons: (1) the strength of CP violation from the Kobayashi-Maskawa mechanism with three generations is too small; (2) the electroweak phase transition is not first order for the experimentally allowed Higgs boson mass. We discuss possibilities to solve these problems by introducing a fourth generation of fermions and how electroweak baryogenesis might be revived. We also discuss briefly the recent observation of a Higgs-like boson with mass around 125 GeV, which puts the fourth generation in a difficult situation, and the possible way out.

Simulations of Cold Electroweak Baryogenesis

We present real-time lattice simulations of Cold Electroweak Baryogenesis, in which the baryon asymmetry of the Universe is generated during tachyonic electroweak symmetry breaking at the end of inflation. In the minimal realisation of the model, only three parameters remain undetermined: the strength of CP-violation, the Higgs mass and the speed of the symmetry breaking quench. The dependence of the asymmetry on these parameters is studied.

Simulations of cold electroweak baryogenesis: dependence on Higgs mass and strength of CP-violation

Cold electroweak baryogenesis was proposed as a scenario to bypass generic problems of electroweak baryogenesis within the Standard Model. In this scenario, baryogenesis takes place during an electroweak symmetry breaking transition, which is also responsible for preheating after inflation. In the simplest modelling of the scenario, only two parameters remain undetermined: The Higgs mass and the strength of CP violation. Using full real-time lattice simulations, we compute the dependence of the asymmetry on these parameters.

Effective CP violation in the Standard Model

We study the strength of effective CP violation originating from the CKM matrix in the effective action obtained by integrating out the fermions in the Standard Model. Using results obtained by Salcedo for the effective action in a general chiral gauge model, we find that there are no CKM CP-violating terms to fourth order in a gauge-covariant derivative expansion that is non-perturbative in the Higgs field. The details of the calculation suggest that, at zero temperature, the strength of CP violation is approximately independent of the overall scale of the Yukawa couplings. Thus, order of magnitude estimates based on Jarlskog's invariant could be too small by a factor of about 1017.

Minimal scenarios for leptogenesis andCPviolation

The relation between leptogenesis and CP violation at low energies is analyzed in detail in the framework of the minimal seesaw mechanism. Working, without loss of generality, in a weak basis where both the charged lepton and the right-handed Majorana mass matrices are diagonal and real, we consider a convenient generic parametrization of the Dirac neutrino Yukawa coupling matrix and identify the necessary condition which has to be satisfied in order to establish a direct link between leptogenesis and CP violation at low energies. In the context of the LMA solution of the solar neutrino problem, we present minimal scenarios which allow for the full determination of the cosmological baryon asymmetry and the strength of CP violation in neutrino oscillations. Some specific realizations of these minimal scenarios are considered. The question of the relative sign between the baryon asymmetry and CP violation at low energies is also discussed.

Asymmetric lepton production in a universe with non-zero baryon number

It is pointed out that as a result of processes during different stages of stellar evolution a universe with a net baryon number develops during a Hubble age an excess of neutrinos over antineutrinos of the same order as the observed relative strength of CP violation. The same processes also favour excess positron production.

Higgs-boson mass and the strength ofCPviolation

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