Strength Exertion Research Articles

Implementaton of Strength Reimagined

The Strong Black Woman (SBW) stereotype has been consistently linked to poor mental health for African American women and its endorsement leads to anxiety, depression, and stress. African American women unknowingly subscribe to this stereotype through the exertion of strength and independence found necessary to combat oppression and gendered racism. This article explores existing literature on the SBW stereotype and suggests strategies for leveraging this stereotype to enhance mental health interventions for African American women. Utilizing an integrated conceptual framework that draws from the lens of Black Feminist Thought, Intersectionality, and Social Constructivism Theory, Strength Reimagined: A Therapeutic Framework for African American Women is proposed. This treatment framework incorporates five key aspects: therapist awareness, psychoeducation, culturally responsive psychotherapy, trauma-informed complementary interventions, and mutual support to improve mental health outcomes among African American women.

Investigating the relationship between quantitative-based ultrasound and MRI estimations of rotator cuff fatty infiltration.

Fatty infiltration (FI) of the rotator cuff has important clinical implications. Quantitatively estimating FI using ultrasound (US) has considerable benefits for assessing FI in a non-invasive, accessible manner. This research investigated whether FI of the supraspinatus (SS) and infraspinatus (IS), estimated using US was related to intramuscular fat fractions measured from magnetic resonance images (MRI). Data from 12 healthy young adult participants were used for analysis. US images of the SS and IS were captured using multiple transducer placement techniques from which echogenicity of the muscle region was quantified. Shoulder MRI were captured from which SS and IS were manually segmented and intramuscular fat fractions calculated. Six upper limb strength exertions were performed, resisted by a hand dynamometer. IS and SS echogenicity explained a significant amount of variance in MRI fat fractions for certain body positions and transducer techniques. Echogenicity agreement was higher for IS than SS. Significant relationships were identified between strength exertions and both echogenicity and MRI muscle volume, but not MRI fat fraction. This research provides preliminary evidence showing that quantitative-based US methods can be used to estimate MRI calculated fat fractions for the rotator cuff.

Pneumological Rehabilitation in Patients with Long Covid - Health Changes at the End of the Inpatient Rehabilitation Measure

Some people suffering from Covid-19 can be affected by persistent symptoms and long-term consequences of the disease (Long Covid) beyond their acute phase. Consequently, this can lead to restrictions in participation. Therefore, the focus is on medical rehabilitation in which Long Covid is treated as a new challenge. A prospective, exploratory observational study will be conducted. The written survey of Long Covid rehabilitants takes place at the beginning and end of the pneumological rehabilitation. The aim of the study is to describe the rehabilitation contents and goals, the subjective burdens, the social and occupational participation as well as the health-related changes. Among other factors, disease-specific symptoms, quality of life, participation, psychological impairments, fatigue, and performance were recorded. Long Covid rehabilitants (N=221) participate in the written survey. At the end of rehabilitation, the questionnaire survey indicated significant improvements in almost all outcome parameters with a large effect (p<0.01; ES between 0.76 (anxiety) and 1.30 (fatigue)). All corona symptoms, such as breathlessness on exertion, fatigue or lack of strength improved significantly at the end of rehabilitation. Moreover, the rehabilitants most frequently name the improvement of their health (92%), the increase of their performance (92%) and the improvement of the respiratory muscle strength (78%) as rehabilitation goals. In fact, these goals are achieved by 60 to 70%, significantly fewer rehabilitation patients reach the restoration of their ability to work (32%) or a better ability to concentrate (17%). Respiratory physiotherapy, endurance training and medical training therapy are described as most helpful. At the end of rehabilitation, 76% rated their rehabilitation success as good to excellent based on a single question. The first data of the study reveal that Long Covid rehabilitants are exposed to substantial burdens. Through medical rehabilitation, the patients experience medical and social support and experience significant improvements in all recorded health-related outcomes.

Relationship between Muscle Flexibility and Characteristics of Muscle Contraction in Healthy Women during Different Menstrual Phases.

Skeletal muscle function is vital for preventing injury during exercise. It has been reported that skeletal muscle function fluctuates with the menstrual cycle and is considered one of the causes of injury. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between muscle flexibility and muscle contraction characteristics and their changes with the menstrual cycle. The subjects were healthy women who voluntarily participated in the study through recruitment posters. Muscle flexibility was measured with the passive knee extension (PKE) test, isokinetic knee flexor strength, and the maximum muscle strength exertion angle under two conditions of 60°/s and 120°/s in dominant hamstrings. Additionally, their correlations were analyzed and compared between the menstrual and ovulatory phases. Sixteen subjects (mean age: 20.56 ± 0.73 years; body mass index: 20.21 ± 1.60) participated in the study. Correlation analysis showed a significant negative correlation between PKE and the maximum muscle strength exertion angle under the condition of 60°/s during the menstrual phase (r = -0.54; p = 0.03). No significant difference was observed in the two-group comparison of the variables measured during the menstrual and ovulatory phases. This study confirmed that the more flexible muscles generate the maximum strength at a more contracted position during the menstrual phase in women. In the future, it is necessary to examine the relationship between the results of this study and exercise performance and injury occurrence.

Analysis of force and displacement of anchor systems under the non-limit active state

This paper proposes a concept of soil shear strength exertion around an anchorage section to analyze and calculate the anchor’s force and displacement. First, based on the Mohr stress circle, the numerical relationship between the value of the internal friction angle exertion, the value of the cohesion exertion, and the displacement are established under the non-limit active state. According to the interaction mechanism between the anchorage section and the surrounding soil, this paper obtains the corresponding relationship between the value of the soil’s shear strength exertion and displacement under the non-limit active state. Then, according to the load transfer principle of the anchorage section, the basic differential equation is established. The differential equation of the relative displacement distribution along the length of the anchorage section under the non-limit active state is further derived. And the calculation and analysis formula of the shear stress and relative displacement in the anchorage section considering the process of the soil shear strength exertion is also obtained. Finally, this paper compares the calculation method with the hyperbolic model calculation method for the same example. The results verify the accuracy of the calculation method.

Pouzdanost i razlike između klasičnog i impulsnog modela izometrijskog testiranja u funkciji ispoljavanja maksimalne i eksplozivne jačine - pilot istraživanje

The evaluation of maximal and explosive strength with isometric testing has a significant role in scientific and training practice, from which can be drawn needed information about the segment of the physical state of athletes. The aim of this research was to examine the reliability of the impulse model of isometric testing and to determine the quantitative differences in maximal and explosive strength in accordance to the classic and the impulse model of isometric testing. The laboratory method with tensiometric dynamometry was applied. The research was conducted on a sample of 28 adult and physically active participants. Tests for plantar flexors (PF), right handgrip (HGR), and left handgrip (HGL) were implemented, and all participants had three attempts for each test. Four variables were measured: maximal strength - Fmax, maximal explosive strength - RFDmax, time for maximal strength exertion - tFmax, time for maximal explosive strength exertion - tRFDmax for both models of testing for each test, implementing a standardized testing procedure. Performed data analysis included descriptive and correlation statistics, and a t-test for determining differences for dependent samples. Statistically significant differences (p &lt; 0.05) were found between Fmax,RFDmax, tFmax and tRFDmax in PF, HGR and HGL, except for tRFDmax between classic and impulse models of testing. Impulse model has excellent reliability (ICC = 0.909 - 0.989) for PF, HGR, and HGL tests. The initial results of this study implicate approval for correction of the isometric testing procedure in the next direction: for measuring maximal strength it is approved to use the classic model of isometric testing, while for measuring explosive strength it is approved to use the impulse model.

Effects of Differences in the Position of the Center of Gravity and Grip Strength Exertion on Simple Whole Body Reaction Time in Judo Athletes:

Effects of Differences in the Position of the Center of Gravity and Grip Strength Exertion on Simple Whole Body Reaction Time in Judo Athletes:

Art and sport: football in the mirror of poetry

Relevance . The article considers the process of interaction of such cultural phenomena as art and sport. The historical dynamics of the relationship between art and sport is noted. The image of football as the most popular sport in poetry is considered. The purpose of the research is to examine the relationship between football and art, primarily football. Methods of the research . To study the indicated problem, the author used the axiomatic method. Art not only reflects reality as a given, but also models situations that can reveal the best qualities of a person. Sport, which by its nature is filled with the element of struggle, the manifestation of the exertion of strength, the delight of victory, the desperation of time, all that makes up the drama of human life, gives plots that attract the attention of artists of all times. The results of the research . The history of culture shows that various forms of contacts have been formed between art and sports for a long time. Sport is also a spectacle that requires close contact with the audience. This side of being a sport is expressed. In particular, the fact that one of the dominant trends in the existence of sports is theatricalization. The latter circumstance leads to the need to strengthen the aesthetic and artistic training of professionals in the field of sports. Conclusions . Football is a spectacle, football is a spec-tacle. It is important that entertainment does not overshadow the essence of the sport, its gaming essence.

Theoretic analysis on twirling acupuncture manipulation for reinforcing and reducing in treatment of hypertension by academician SHI Xue-min

The paper explains academician SHI Xue-min's understanding on hypertension and the concrete application of twirling acupuncture technique for reinforcing and reducing in treatment of hypertension, and explores the theoretic basis of the first and second definitions of twirling acupuncture technique for reinforcing and reducing proposed by the academician SHI Xue-min. It is believed that the dysfunction of the sea of qi and the disharmony of the liver and spleen are the etiologies of hypertension, thus, the treatment principles are suggested as "activating blood circulation, dispersing wind, smoothing liver qi and strengthening spleen functions". Renying (ST 9) is selected as the main acupoint, while Hegu (LI 4), Taichong (LR 3), Quchi (LI 11) and Zusanli (ST 36) are used as the adjuvant acupoints. The twirling acupuncture technique is applied to achieve reinforcing or reducing. Four elements are determined to the successful application of this needling technique, i.e. direction of exertion, strength of exertion, manipulation duration of twirling needle, and the interval duration between two treatments of acupuncture. Eventually, the specification on acupuncture treatment for hypertension can be effectively promoted.

The Relationship of Grip and Pinch Strength to Musculoskeletal Disorders in Female Carpet Weavers in Southeastern Iran, 2019.

Background:The repetitive and prolonged exertion of grip and pinch strength are current among carpet weaver tasks. The three objectives of this study were (1) to investigate the relationship between symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders and grip and pinch strength of carpet weavers in carpet weaving workshops in Kerman province, (2) to compare the grip and pinch strength of carpet weavers with normal values, and (3) to identify the relationship between hand postures of carpet weavers during work and force exertion.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, grip strength and key, tip and palmar pinch strengths of 101 female carpet weavers aged 20 to 71 years were measured in Kerman province, in 2018. Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (Extended version) was also used to evaluate musculoskeletal disorders.Results:Bivariate and multivariate linear regression analyses showed that participants who suffered from musculoskeletal disorders had lower grip and pinch strength than others and this decrease was statistically significant in upper back, wrists/hands, and knees. Moreover, there was a significant difference between grip and three types of pinch strength of carpet weavers and normal values. Furthermore, for both hands, the grip strength in the position recommended by American Society of Hand Therapists was significantly greater than that in the normal position carpet weavers usually adopt.Conclusion:Based on the results, the high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders has led to a significant decrease in the grip and pinch strength of carpet weavers. Therefore, it is necessary to undertake ergonomic interventions in designing the carpet weaving workstation.

Recognition system of acupuncture manipulations based on an array PVDF tactile sensor and machine learning

In learning and evaluation of acupuncture manipulations, there are lack of quantitative physical parameters on exertion strength, duration and direction of acupuncture technique at present. Based on the tactile parameters collected during "twirling" and "lifting-thrusting" of needling, a kind of array polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) tactile sensor was designed. Followed by, a window segmentation method for tactile signal was proposed and the time domain features of the window were extracted. Finally, an identification method of acupuncture manipulation based on FCM (Fuzzy C-Means) was constructed. Through the experiment, it was proved that this sensor can effectively identify the four kinds of basic acupuncture manipulations, i.e. reinforcing by twirling and rotating, reducing by twirling and rotating, reinforcing by lifting and thrusting and reducing by lifting and thrusting and it was conductive to the quantification and dissemination of acupuncture manipulations.

Higher body mass index and body fat percentage correlate to lower joint and functional strength in working age adults

As the prevalence of obesity grows worldwide, it becomes an increasing concern in working populations. Ergonomists are faced with the challenge of accommodating workplace layouts to include this worker demographic. This study investigated the relationship between shoulder and low back isometric joint strengths across body mass index (BMI) groups. Additionally, relationships between body fat percentage (BF%), absolute strength, and strength normalized to body mass were examined. Ninety, healthy, working age participants performed 11 functional and isometric joint strength exertions. BMI group influenced normalized strength, as the obese 2+ (BMI >35.0) group had up to 63.1% lower joint strength than all other BMI groups (p < 0.05). Significant strong to moderate negative linear relationships existed between BF% and normalized strength for both males and females, and relationships were stronger for females. These strength deficits highlight the importance of considering body composition during ergonomics analyses and configuration of occupational tasks.

Muscling My Way to My Positive Future: Physical Exertion of Strength and Preference for Risk

Muscling My Way to My Positive Future: Physical Exertion of Strength and Preference for Risk

Muscling My Way to My Positive Future: Physical Exertion of Strength and Preference for Risk

Muscling My Way to My Positive Future: Physical Exertion of Strength and Preference for Risk

Effect of Grip Strength on Controlled Force Exertion in Different Strength Exertion Phases in Young Men

It is important to develop a method for the accurate measurement of controlled force exertion (CFE). The CFE test requires subjects to exert force while coordinating submaximal grip strength; therefore, grip strength may affect the CFE value. This study examined the differences in measured values in low and high phases of demand value in the CFE test and the relationship between the measured values and grip strength using 54 healthy young males aged 19-23 years. On the basis of standard values of grip strength related to age (455.7 ± 67.6 N), participants were divided into the following three groups: G1, with low grip strength (n = 13, mean age, 19.9 years, standard deviation (SD) = 0.8 years); G2, with medium grip strength (n = 33, mean age, 20.6 years, SD = 1.3 years); and G3, with high grip strength (n = 8, mean age, 21.6 years, SD = 0.7 years). The participants adjusted the submaximal grip strength of their dominant hands according to changes in the demand values, which were displayed as a sinusoidal waveform with a frequency of 0.1 Hz on a computer screen. The test, which lasted for 40 s, was performed three times, with one-minute intervals, after one practice trial. The sum of the differences between the demand value and the measured grip exertion value in the low demand value phase [5%-15% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC)] and high demand value phase [15%-25% MVC] for 30 s was used as the evaluation parameter. Significant differences were found in the measured CFE values of the three groups only in the low demand value phase (F = 3.43, p 2) was low (η2 = 0.12). The CFE values showed significant low correlation with grip strength only in the high demand value phase (r= −0.32, p < 0.05). We inferred that the difference in maximum grip strength has a negligible effect on the measured value in both low and high demand value phases of the CFE test in young males.

Influence of the severity of knee osteoarthritis on the association between leg muscle mass and quadriceps strength: the SPSS-OK study.

Quadriceps strength is important for maintaining functional movement in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). We aimed to examine whether knee OA severity weakened the magnitude of the associations between leg muscle mass, quadriceps strength, and functional movement. Screening for People Suffering Sarcopenia in Orthopedic cohort of Kobe study (SPSS-OK) was a single-center cross-sectional study. We recruited 611 patients with knee OA. Leg muscle mass was determined by bioimpedance and used as a proxy for quadriceps muscle mass. Quadriceps strength and indices of functional movement (assessed by the functional activities category of the new Knee Society Score questionnaire [KSS] and the Timed Up and Go [TUG] test) were measured. Knee OA severity was determined by the Kellgren-Lawrence radiographic grade. A series of general linear models was fitted with adjustment for confounding variables. The increase in quadriceps strength per leg associated with a 1-kg increase in leg mass per leg was 7.29Nm, 5.43Nm, and 3.77Nm among patients with knee OA grade 1/2, 3, and 4, respectively (P for interaction = 0.003). A 1-Nm increase in quadriceps strength per leg was associated with both a 0.14 point increase in KSS movement score and a 0.05s decrease in TUG, regardless of knee OA severity (P for interaction 0.430 and 0.323). Severe knee OA may reduce efficiency in the exertion of quadriceps strength by leg muscle mass even when the amount of muscle mass remains unchanged.

Dynamic and static shoulder strength relationship and predictive model

Static strength is typically used to standardize occupational tasks in an effort to limit over-exertion injuries; however, workplace tasks are commonly dynamic in nature. The purpose of this investigation was to assess factors influencing isokinetic shoulder strength and to develop predictive equations for isokinetic shoulder flexion and extension strength using isometric strength. Fifteen women performed a set of concentric isokinetic and isometric shoulder flexion and extension maximal exertions across a series of movement planes, angular velocities, and grip types. Data were used to generate two stepwise multiple regression models for predicting isokinetic shoulder flexion and exertion strength across the various exertion parameters. The final regression models explained a high degree of variance in predicting isokinetic shoulder flexion (R2 = 0.59) and extension (R2 = 0.67) with a subset of four and five inputs, respectively. The predictive equations can help establish acceptable force limits for workplace tasks requiring dynamic actions using more easily attainable static forces.

Feedback Effect of Exertion Value on Accuracy of Knee Extension Strength Exertion Values

Feedback of strength exertion value may increase the accuracy of the next strength exertion value. This study examined the effect of exertion value feedback on the accuracy of knee extension strength exertion values. The subjects were 14 healthy young males (mean age 21.0 ± 6.1 years, mean height 171.9 ± 8.6 cm, mean mass 66.1 ± 3.4 kg). Three demand values (25%, 50%, and 75%) of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) were selected. First, after we measured the MVC of knee extension strength in the dominant leg, subjects performed ten trials for each demand value without exertion value feedback. Then, they performed ten trials and received exertion value feedback on each trial for each demand value. Differences (errors) between the demand and exerted values for each trial, a mean error for the first and second trials (the first mean) and the ninth and tenth trials (the last mean), and a change ratio (the first mean/the last mean) were calculated. Regression coefficients among errors in each trial and ten trials were significant for all demand values only in the feedback condition. In addition, the interception was significant for all demand values, but not between conditions with/without feedback. The last mean error was significantly less with than without feedback for all demand values, and it was less than the first mean error in the 50% MVC. In addition, the change rate was significantly less with feedback only in the 25% MVC. In conclusion, when exertion value feedback is provided, the accuracy of knee extension strength exertion values is high. In addition, accuracy increases with trials but is marked in the lowest (25%) MVC.

Wrist ulnar/radial torque strength measurements among Iranian population: The effects of age, gender, Body Mass Index and hand dominance.

Data on the physical strength capabilities of users are essential for designing the safe and usable products. The aims of this study were to characterise the wrist ulnar/radial (U/R) torque strength and individual strength differences among Iranian population. The study was conducted among 769 (391 males, 378 females) participants aged 5-74 years in the northwest of Iran. Measurements were carried out with both dominant and non-dominant hands using a digital angle torque adaptor installed in a jar-shaped measuring unit. The results indicated that the mean wrist U/R torque strength exertion by females was 75% of that exerted by males. Strength exertion with the non-dominant hand was 8% lower than strength exertion of the dominant hand. A significant positive association was also found between the wrist U/R torque strength and body mass index. This additional information on the wrist torque strength can fill the gap in the strength data for Iranian population, or used by health and safety practitioners in the field.

Optimal Handle Grip Span for Maximum Hand Grip Strength and Accurate Grip Control Strength Exertion According to Individual Hand Size

Background: Hand grip strength (HGS) and grip control strength (GCS) are two predictors of upper-extremity function to undertake activities of daily living. Numerous studies have indicated that hand size and handle diameter independently affect HGS. However, none has explored the effects of matching hand size to optimal grip span on ergonomic outcomes. The aim of this article was to investigate the relationships among grip strength, hand size, and grip span. Methods: Seventy two healthy adults (age range 18-30 year) were divided into three hand size groups (small 23, medium 25, and large 24) and evaluated their HGS and GCS data three times on both hands. Hand size was measured from the base of hand to the tip of middle finger and three different grip spans (47.6, 60.3, and 73.0 mm) were executed. Results: The results indicated that individual hand size was positively correlated with maximum HGS in the both hands (p 0.05). Analysis of variance demonstrated a clearly significant difference in HGS for men, not for women, in the three hand size groups. For participants in the three different hand size groups, a grip span of 47.6 mm would exert the maximum HGS. Conclusion: Hand grip strength was influenced by hand size and grip span in both hands. There is an optimal grip span to which the dynamometer should be adjusted when measuring hand grip strength in people. These findings may guide occupational therapy clinicians and staff members designing ergonomic interventions.