Street Sweeper Research Articles

Examining the effectiveness of municipal street sweeping in removing road-deposited particles and metal(loid)s of respiratory health concern

Road dust is a demonstrated source of urban air pollution. Given this, the implementation of street sweeping strategies that effectively limit road dust accumulation and resuspension should be a public health priority. Research examining the effectiveness of street sweeping for road dust removal in support of good air quality has been limited to date. To address this, the study aimed to assess the use of a regenerative-air street sweeper to efficiently remove road dust particles and metal(loid)s in size fractions relevant for respiratory exposure in Toronto, Canada. As part of this, the mass amounts, particle size distribution and elemental concentrations of bulk road dust before and after sweeping at five arterial sites were characterized.Sweeping reduced the total mass amount of thoracic-sized (<10 µm) road dust particles by 76 % on average. A shift in the size distribution of remaining particles toward finer fractions was observed in post-sweeping samples, together with an enrichment in many metal(loid)s such as Co, Ti and S. Overall, the mass amounts of metal(loid)s of respiratory health concern like Cu and Zn were greatly reduced with sweeping. Traffic volume and road surface quality were predictors of dust loadings and elemental concentrations. Road surface quality was also found to impact street sweeping efficiencies, with larger mass amounts per unit area collected post-sweeping where street surfaces were distressed.This study demonstrates that street sweeping using advanced technology can be highly effective for road dust removal, highlighting its potential to support air quality improvement efforts. The importance of tailoring sweeping service levels and technologies locally as per the quality of road surface and traffic patterns is emphasized. Continued efforts to mitigate non-exhaust emissions that pose a respiratory health risk at their source is essential.

Sources of variation in nutrient loads collected through street sweeping in the Minneapolis-St. Paul Metropolitan Area, Minnesota, USA

Excess non-point nutrient loading continues to impair urban surface waters. Because of the potential contribution of tree litterfall to nutrient pollution in stormwater, street sweeping is a promising management tool for reducing eutrophication in urban and suburban regions. However, nutrient concentrations and loads of material removed through street sweeping have not been well characterized, impeding the development of pollution reduction credits and improvement of models for stormwater management. We evaluated the role of canopy cover over streets, street sweeper type, season, and sweeping frequency in contributing to variation in concentrations and loads of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and solids recovered in street sweepings, using analyses of samples collected during regular street sweeping operations in five cities in the Minneapolis-St. Paul Metropolitan Area, Minnesota, USA. We expected that nutrient concentrations and loads would be highest in seasons and places of higher tree litterfall. We also expected that regenerative-air sweepers would recover higher loads compared to mechanical broom sweepers. Total N and P concentrations in sweepings increased most strongly with canopy cover in June, October, and November. Total N and P recovered in street sweepings similarly increased with canopy cover in June, October, and November, and peaked in early summer and autumn, times of high litterfall. In contrast, total dry mass in sweepings was greatest in early spring, following winter snowmelt. However, nutrient loads and concentrations did not differ between sweeper types. Our results add to growing evidence of the importance of street trees in contributing nutrient pollution to urban surface waters. Street sweeping focused on high-canopy streets during early summer and autumn is likely an effective management tool for stormwater nutrient pollution.

Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kelelahan Kerja Pada Pekerja Penyapu Jalan Di Kota Surakarta

Street sweepers are workers under the Surakarta Environment Agency who focus on cleaning matters in the city area. The main task of a street sweeper is to clean up trash around the sidewalks, slow lanes, and along the main streets in the morning and evening. This can cause workers to easily feel tired. This research is quantitative research using analytic methods with a cross-sectional study design. The research population consisted of 220 street sweepers with a sample of 140 respondents. Sampling using a Simple random sampling technique. Data analysis techniques used the Somers'd test for bivariate tests and Ordinal Logistic Regression tests for multivariate tests. Somers'd correlation results showed that there is a significant relationship between the variables age (p= 0.000), work period (p= 0.000), sleep quality (p= 0.000), and workload (p= 0.000) on fatigue. Meanwhile, breakfast habits (p = 0.097) did not have a significant relationship with fatigue. The results of the Ordinal Logistic Regression test showed that the variable most related to fatigue is workload (OR = 25.305).

Improving ride comfort by optimising suspension system of an electric street sweeper

The opinion of the operators of the working machines in today’s world is much more valued than in the past. Their comfort, safety and satisfaction during the working hours can be crucial in the decision making process of buying new working machine. Therefore, in this research paper the vertical dynamics and ride comfort of an electric street sweeper would be analysed by using a multibody dynamic model. The model is created using MSC. ADAMS, based on a real electric street sweeper. In order to test the ride comfort of the existing model, a road profile is modelled, according to the standard ISO 8608. The virtual tests are conducted while the vehicle is traveling with maximum velocity of 40 km/h, achieved during transit and lower velocities which are achieved during the operating hours of the machine. An optimization of the suspension system of the real electric sweeper is made, by targeting its components location and positioning, stiffness and damping characteristics. This results in improved ride comfort and smaller root mean square (RMS) values of vertical acceleration of the driver seat. These improvements would influence on operator’s better comfort and health. Results are presented using comparative diagrams of the original and optimised model.

Factors Associated with Vital Lung Capacity on Road Sweeper Workers

The decrease level of vital capacity can be restriction, obstruction or both of them. Some factors, like non jobs and environment can lead the decrease level of vital capacity. The goals of this research is knowing all factors that have associated with vital capacity of street sweeper in Kecamatan Medan Denai. The research was conducted on September 2018. The factors of this research are work period, exposure period, mask utilization, employment history, disease history, smoking and sports habits. The total sample of this research are 67 workers. The method of this research was cross sectional. Data was collected by using research instruments such as peak flow meter and questionnaires. The results showed that workers with more than 5 years of service experienced a decrease in KVP as many as 62 people (92.5%) and workers who did not use masks decreased by 53 people (79.1%). Based on the results of statistical tests, it is known that the variables of working period and the use of masks are associated with a decrease in KVP. To reduce the decrease level of street sweeper’s vital capacity, it is recommended that workers are leave the workplace right after the job is done and use mask at work site all the time.

Factors Influencing Treatment Default among Direct Observed Treatment Short-Course Enrolled in Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Factors Influencing Treatment Default among Direct Observed Treatment Short-Course Enrolled in Pulmonary Tuberculosis

HUBUNGAN DURASI KERJA PENYAPU JALAN DENGAN TERJADINYA NYERI PUNGGUNG BAWAH DI KOTA AMBON TAHUN 2021

Low back pain (LBP) is one of the musculoskeletal disorders that often occur in daily life. Work-related LBP can lead to lost working hours and reduced work efficiency. Street sweeper is one of the most important jobs, if the street sweeper works for an excessive duration of work, it can cause low back pain. This study aims to determine the relationship between work duration and low back pain in street sweepers in Ambon City. The benefits of this research can be used as a reference for the government to set a policy on working hours for street sweepers. This research is a quantitative analytic study that uses Cross Sectional design. Sampling was done by consecutive sampling method and using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) program. The results of this study showed that from 72 respondents, 67 respondents (93.1%) experienced low back pain in the Minimal Disability category and 5 respondents (6.9%) experienced low back pain in the Moderate Disability category. Bivariate analysis using Chi-Square test obtained p value = 0.005 (p &lt;0.05) which means there is a significant relationship between street sweeper’s work duration and low back pain in City of Ambon in 2021.

Prevalence of Respiratory Symptoms and Risk Factors Among Street Sweepers in Gondar City Northwest, Ethiopia, 2021: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Street sweepers are exposed to a variety of risk factors such as dust, bioaerosols, and volatile organic matter, which are responsible for the development of various respiratory symptoms and lung function impairments. However, there is a limited data on the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and associated factors among street sweepers in Ethiopia, especially in the study area. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and associated factors among street sweepers in Gondar town, northwest Ethiopia, in 2021. Using simple random sampling technique, a total of 391 workers were selected between August 10 and September 15, 2021. The data was entered and analyzed using the Epi Info Version 7 and Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) 22 software, respectively. Descriptive statistics, bivariable, and multivariable logistic regression model were used. P ⩽ .05 and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to declare the statistical significance. A total of 391 respondents, with a response rate of 99.2% participated. The prevalence of respiratory symptoms among street sweepers was 35.3% (95% CI: 30.2, 40.5). History of respiratory illness (AOR = 7.75, (95% CI: 3.45, 17.45), washing personal protective equipments (PPE) after use (AOR = 4.77; 95% CI: 2.02, 11.28), previous work in cement (AOR = 3.10, 95% CI: 1.32, 7.34), and flour factories (AOR = 2.13, 95% CI: 2.02, 4.43), and alcohol drinking (AOR = 3.77, 95% CI: 1.94, 7.29) were associated with respiratory symptom among street sweepers. The overall prevalence of respiratory symptoms among street sweepers was 35.3%. Previous respiratory illness, washing personal protective equipment after use, previous work in a cement and flour factory, and drinking alcohol were independently associated with respiratory symptoms. To reduce the respiratory symptoms among street sweeper, it is advisable implementing safe work practice measures and behavioral changes among workers.

A Computer Vision System for Street Sweeper Robot

With the spread of Covid-19, more people wear personal protective equipment such as gloves and masks. However, they are littering them all over streets, parking lots and parks. This impacts the environment and damages especially the marine ecosystem. Thus, this waste should not be discarded in the environment. Moreover, it should not be recycled with other plastic materials. Actually, they have to be separated from regular trash collection. Furthermore, littering gloves and masks yields more workload for street cleaners and presents potential harm for them. In this paper, we design a computer vision system for a street sweeper robot that picks up the masks and gloves and disposes them safely in garbage containers. This system relies on Deep Learning techniques for object recognition. In particular, three Deep Learning models will be investigated. They are: You Only Look Once (YOLO) model, Faster Region based Convolutional Neural Network (Faster R-CNN) and DeepLab v3+. The experiment results showed that YOLO is the most suitable approach to design the proposed system. Thus, the performance of the proposed system is 0.94 as F1 measure, 0.79 as IoU, 0.94 as mAP, and 0.41 s as Time to process one image.

Pengaruh Karakteristik Individu terhadap Fungsi Paru pada Petugas Penyapu Jalanan

The increase in the number of vehicles in Samarinda City occurs significantly every year this has the potential to decrease environmental quality, namely air pollution. People who are at risk of air pollution are street sweepers who work on the streets every day so that it can have an impact on health. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the individual characteristics of lung function among street sweeping officers in Samarinda City. This research is a type of observational analytic study with a cross-sectional research design that has the aim of analyzing the risks to the consequences that are caused together. This research is included in the quantitative description. The research location was carried out along the protocol road in Samarinda City. The study population was street sweeping officers who were taken randomly amounting to 55 people. This study consisted of the dependent variable, namely lung function, and the independent variables were gender and year of service. Data analysis her use fisher’s exact. Data were collected using questionnaires and interviews, measuring lung function on street sweeping officers using a spirometer, while interviews were carried out to determine the sex and year of service of the officers while working as a street sweeper in Samarinda City. The results of the bivariate analysis of individual characteristics, namely between gender and lung function obtained &lt;em&gt;p-value&lt;/em&gt;=0,674, while the bivariate results between a work period and lung function obtained &lt;em&gt;p-value&lt;/em&gt; 0,219. There was no significant relationship between gender, work period, and lung function.

Traffic-related microplastic particles, metals, and organic pollutants in an urban area under reconstruction

In urban environments, particularly areas under reconstruction, metals, organic pollutants (OP), and microplastics (MP), are released in large amounts due to heavy traffic. Road runoff, a major transport route for urban pollutants, contributes significantly to a deteriorated water quality in receiving waters. This study was conducted in Gothenburg, Sweden, and is unique because it simultaneously investigates the occurrence of OP, metals, and MP on roads and in stormwater from an urban area under reconstruction. Correlations between the various pollutants were also explored. The study was carried out by collecting washwater and sweepsand generated from street sweeping, road surface sampling, and flow-proportional stormwater sampling on several occasions. The liquid and solid samples were analyzed for metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), oxy-PAH, aliphatics, aromatics, phthalates, and MP. The occurrence of OP was also analyzed with a non-target screening method of selected samples. Microplastics, i.e. plastic fragments/fibers, paint fragments, tire wear particles (TWP) and bitumen, were analyzed with a method based on density separation with sodium iodide and identification with a stereo microscope, melt-tests, and tactile identification. MP concentrations amounted to 1500 particles/L in stormwater, 51,000 particles/L in washwater, and 2.6 × 106 particles/kg dw in sweepsand. In stormwater, washwater and sweepsand, MP ≥20 μm were found to be dominated by TWP (38%, 83% and 78%, respectively). The results confirm traffic as an important source to MP, OP, and metal emissions. Concentrations exceeding water and sediment quality guidelines for metals (e.g. Cu and Zn), PAH, phthalates, and aliphatic hydrocarbons in the C16–C35 fraction were found in most samples. The results show that the street sweeper collects large amounts of polluted materials and thereby prevents further spread of the pollutants to the receiving stormwater.

Ergonomic-Based Redesign of Broomsticks Reduces the Physiological Burdens of Street Sweepers in Denpasar City, Indonesia

The equipment, such as broomsticks used by street sweepers are not appropriate based on anthropometric aspects, with a potency to induce inconvenience among them. Working with equipment that is not ergonomics, in addition to non-physiological work posture can cause fatigue, musculoskeletal disorders, and increased workload. This study aims to determine whether redesign an ergonomic-based broomstick may reduce the physiological burden of street sweepers in Denpasar city, Indonesia. This research is a pure experiment using a cross-design (two-period crossover design). The sample was 16 female street sweepers, divided into two groups: 8 as the control group and 8 treatment groups. Data analysis were performed using a paired t-test with significance level of 5%. The results showed significant difference (p &lt;0.05) on the variables of workload, musculoskeletal complaints, and fatigue. In the first period, the mean of the street sweeper working heart rate was 118.96 ± 2.26 beats per minutes (bpm), the mean musculoskeletal complaint score was 91.63 ± 2.70 and the average fatigue was 77.69 ± 2.96. In Period II, the mean heart rate was 98.49 ± 2.22 bpm, the mean musculoskeletal complaint score was 63.56 ± 2.73 and the average fatigue was 57.56 ± 2.94. Redesigned stem brooms turned out to reduce workload, musculoskeletal complaints, and fatigue by 17.21%, 30.6%, and 25.91%, respectively. It can be concluded that the redesign of an ergonomic-based broomstick can reduce workload, musculoskeletal complaints, and fatigue.

Ozone Exposure Intake in the Ambient and the Impairment of Pulmonary Function to among Street Sweeper Workers in Jagakarsa District, South Jakarta, Indonesia

Ozone Exposure Intake in the Ambient and the Impairment of Pulmonary Function to among Street Sweeper Workers in Jagakarsa District, South Jakarta, Indonesia

Verona

Verona Nick Makoha (bio) It was your day off when I came into the world.Until then you had no interest in dried leaves, or how a woman might use her hand as a scaleto pour raisins into a bowl or how water moves to the sea. What use was there in something so vast,something you had not seen with your own eyes? In any case you were never one for fishing,for waiting for life at the end of a line. After the nightshift you would park the Mazdaon the drive, rest the paper on the steering wheel, pen in one hand, beef sandwich in another.Seventeen across—nut roast cooked for high fliers (10). You would wait for the street sweeper to appear in your wing mirror.Listening to his broom comb the pavement as you held your sandwich like fruit flicking the radio to 99.8.Twelve down—Girl carries on in Juliet’s place (6). I don’t have this scene on tape but I know that I was six weeks lateand that the 12-inch cigar in your glove compartment was for me. Mama would never let you smoke in the car. The weather reportyou say was interrupted by a jackknifed lorry on the M6. No casualties except the driver the only other personyou knew who had broken his collar bone in three places. Hence the basketball in the back seatand mood swings that have no language. Don’t be afraid remember your wings—Seventeen down(10) Astronaut. And the name you gave me—Twelve down—Verona. The sun hung suspended between two houses when your heartbeatslowed and I became something new you could catch in both hands. [End Page 61] Nick Makoha Nick Makoha’s debut, Kingdom of Gravity (Peepal Tree Press), was shortlisted for the Felix Dennis Prize and nominated by the Guardian as one of the best books of 2017. A Cave Canem graduate fellow and Complete Works alumnus, he won the 2015 Brunel Prize and 2016 Derricotte & Eady Prize for his pamphlet Resurrection Man. He was the 2019 Writer-in-Residence for The Wordsworth Trust and Wasafiri. His play The Dark, produced by Fuel theatre and directed by JMK Award–winner Roy Alexander, had a UK National tour in 2019. His poems appeared in the New York Times, Poetry Review, Rialto, Poetry London, TriQuarterly Review, Boston Review, Callaloo, and Wasafiri. Copyright © 2020 Middlebury College Publications

Rancang Bangun Konstruksi Rangka Dan Bak Penampung Alat Penyapu Jalan

At this time in the process of sweeping the road still using traditional tools by janitors, for example broom sticks. One of the technologies that began to develop was the Street Sweeper machine. This Street Sweeper is a tool to help alleviate the work of janitors in terms of road sweeping. Sweeping the highway using the Street Sweeper is one of the main steps to accelerate the process of sweeping the highway with rapid traffic flow. The working principle of this machine is by utilizing thrust from humans, by means of a machine being pushed and directed to the garbage scattered on the road. Therefore it is very appropriate to use Street Sweeper to sweep the road compared to using manual tools because it can save work time

Influence of rainfall intensity and pollution build-up levels on water quality and quantity response of permeable pavements

Permeable pavements are part of stormwater management practices known as sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS). This study describes the influence of several environmental variables, such as the rainfall regime or the pollution build-up level, on the hydraulic and water quality performance of permeable pavements. Four infiltrometers with different configurations of pavement layers were used to study the influence of two rainfall regimes (Atlantic and Mediterranean) and two rainfall intensities (0.5 and 2.2mm/min). The influence of the progressive pollution build-up level was studied by dry sprinkling of road deposited sediments collected with a mechanical street sweeper with a dose of 5g/m2/d. The results show that permeable pavements retained a significant rainwater volume and improved the infiltrated water quality in terms of suspended solids, organic matter and nutrients when compared to the corresponding surface runoff potentially generated from an impervious pavement. The volume of rainwater retained inside them varied between 16 and 66% depending on the variables studied. The water infiltrated from permeable pavements subjected to a Mediterranean rainfall regime contained, in general, higher concentrations of organic matter (22 to 89mg Chemical Oxygen Demand/l) and nutrients (0.6 to 2.1mg Total Nitrogen/l and 0.05 to 0.45mg Total Phosphorus/l) than those under Atlantic regime. However, the latter infiltrated higher loadings in terms of mass. Nitrogen was the substance that infiltrated the most, reaching a 25% of the total mass of nitrogen deposited on the pavements surface. The concentration and mass loading in infiltrated water increased as the pollution build-up level did. The leachability of nutrients and organic matter was greater for high rainfall intensities. The results suggest that it is essential to carry out an adequate cleaning in dry conditions, especially when high intensity rainfall events are foreseen, because of its greater capacity to mobilize pollutants.

Remediation of Stormwater Pollutants by Porous Asphalt Pavement

Porous Asphalt (PA) pavements are an increasingly adopted tool in the green stormwater infrastructure toolbox to manage stormwater in urbanized watersheds across the United States. This technology has seen particular interest in western Washington State, where permeable pavements are recognized as an approved best management practice per the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) municipal stormwater permit. Stormwater effluent concentrations from six PA cells were compared with runoff concentrations from three standard impervious asphalt cells to quantify pollutant removal efficiencies by porous asphalt systems. Additionally, the effects of maintenance and pavement age on pollutant removal efficiencies were examined. Twelve natural and artificial storms were examined over a five-year period. Street dirt and pollutant spikes were added to the pavements prior to some storm events to simulate high loading conditions. Results from this work show that porous asphalt pavements are highly efficient at removing particulate pollutants, specifically coarse sediments (98.7%), total Pb ( 98.4%), total Zn (97.8%), and total suspended solids (93.4%). Dissolved metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) were not significantly removed. Removal efficiencies for total Pb, total Zn, motor oil, and diesel H. improved with the age of the system. Annual maintenance of the pavements with a regenerative air street sweeper did not yield significant pollutant removal efficiency differences between maintained and unmaintained PA cells.

Performance Comparison for Series and Parallel Modes of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Recently, the studies in the automotive sector has concentrated on hybrid electric vehicle. The better results in fuel economy and vehicle performance values have been achieved with the hybrid electric vehicle technology. In this study, the fuel consumption and vehicle performance values are compared to the series and parallel hybrid electric modes of a conventional street sweeper by using AVL Cruise. Nowadays, there are many driving cycles used in the analysis of fuel consumption and vehicle performans. However the current driving cycles are not appropriate for the vehicles designed for a particular function (carrying, lifting, sweeping etc.) such as street sweepers in terms of velocity and functionality. For this reason, a driving cycle was constructed by taking into consideration the daily tasks of the street sweepers with the help of AVL Cruise. The series and parallel hybrid electric configurations of the street sweeper were analyzed separately. Consequently, the demanded power (kW) from the internal combustion engine and its fuel consumption (L/h) were investiageted under the specific operating conditions in the driving cycle. The simulations show that the series hybrid mode has better fuel economy and vehicle performance.

Study of Noncommunicable Diseases among the Street Sweepers of Muster Station, Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation.

Introduction:Today we all are talking for “Swatch Bharat”, but street workers are the real fighters who are working for this. Street working environment exposes to lot of organic and inorganic dust and chronic inhalation of dust during street sweeping which may increases respiratory health symptoms among them. This study was planned to study the effect of work on health of street workers primarily respiration function.Materials and Methods:A cross sectional study was carried out among muster station of Ahmedabad Municipal corporation area during a period of April 2013 to November 2014. For the study total 762 Safai Kamdar (street sweepers) and 41 administrative staff were included after taking consent. The participants were examined for hypertension, Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), lab investigations like hemoglobin and blood glucose.Results:Mean age of Street Sweeper was 39.2 + 10.02 years and admin staff was 38.2 + 6.92 years. Street Sweeper were found to be significantly underweight as compared to admin staff. Hypertension in administrative group (51.1%) was higher but not significant than Street Sweeper (45.03%). only 12.3 % of Safai Kamdar were using any kind of personal protective equipment (PPE). 52.1% of Street Sweeper had low PEFR was as compared to 20% of Administrative group.Conclusion:Street sweeping had a significant impact on health of street sweepers. They should be made aware about use of PPE.

A study of pulmonary function tests in street sweeper compared to general population

A study of pulmonary function tests in street sweeper compared to general population