Street Dogs Research Articles

Intersubjectivity as an analytical concept to study human-animal interaction in historical context: street dogs in Late Ottoman period.

Human knowledge pertaining to human-animal interaction is constructed by the human author, albeit the presence of animal subjects. Such a human lens is pronounced when studying human-animal interactions across history, whose nonhuman animal subjects are not only absent, and therefore eliminating the possibility of conducting empirical studies in situ, but also their experiences are filtered by the interpretative lens of human authors of extant historical accounts as well as contemporary human analysts who interpret these accounts. This article draws upon such epistemological limitations of understanding nonhuman animal presence in historical accounts and offers human-animal intersubjectivity as an analytical concept, involving generative iterability and indistinctive boundaries that emphasise intersubjective openness and relationality, to trace and disclose the continuity of human-animal co-existence. The article's historical scope is the Late Ottoman period characterised by a sense of temporal and spatial disorientation and reorientation for humans as well as street dogs during its modernisation processes.

Zoonotic human liver flukes, a type 1 biocarcinogen, in freshwater fishes: genetic analysis and confirmation of molluscan vectors and reservoir hosts in Bangladesh

BackgroundOpisthorchiid flukes, particularly Opisthorchis viverrini, Opisthorchis felineus, Clonorchis sinensis, and Metorchis spp. are the most common fish-borne zoonotic human liver flukes (hLFs). Liver fluke infections are more prevalent in resource-deprived and underprivileged areas. We herein estimated the prevalence of the metacercariae (MC) of major hLFs in common large freshwater fishes (lFWF) marketed for human consumption from some selected areas of Bangladesh along with detection of their molluscan vectors and reservoirs.MethodsThe current status of fish-borne zoonotic hLF infections in lFWF was investigated along with their molluscan vectors and mammalian reservoir hosts in Mymensingh and Kishoreganj in Bangladesh from July 2018–June 2022 using conventional and multiple molecular techniques, such as PCR, PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), sequencing, and bioinformatic analyses. The infection rate of fishes was analyzed using the Z-test and the loads of MC were compared using the chi-squared (χ2) test.ResultsThe MC of C. sinensis, Opisthorchis spp., and Metorchis spp. were detected in 11 species of common and popular lFWF. In lFWF, the estimated prevalence was 18.7% and the mean load was 137.4 ± 149.8 MC per 100 g of fish. The prevalence was the highest (P < 0.05) in spotted snakehead fishes (Channa punctata, 63.6%). The highest rate of infection (P < 0.05) was observed with the MC of C. sinensis (11.8%). Metacercariae were almost equally (P > 0.05) distributed between the head and body of fishes. The infection rate was slightly higher in cultured (19.6%) fishes. The MC of C. sinensis, O. felineus, O. viverrini, and Metorchis orientalis in fishes were confirmed using PCR, PCR-RFLP and bioinformatics. The cercariae of opisthorchiid (Pleurolophocercus cercariae) flukes were only recovered from Bithynia spp. (3.9%, 42 out of 1089). The ova of hLFs from dogs (4.3%, 5 out of 116) and cats (6.0%, 6 out of 100), and adult flukes (M. orientalis) from ducks (41.1% 113 out of 275) were detected.ConclusionsThe MC of hLFs are highly prevalent in fresh water fishes in Bangladesh. Reservoir hosts, such as street dogs, cats, and ducks carried the patent infection, and residents of Bangladesh are at risk.Graphical

Incidence of human rabies following bite or exposure to laboratory confirmed rabid animals

Background: Rabies is one of the important endemic fatal zoonotic viral disease afflicting humans and animals in Punjab, India. The present study investigated the incidence of rabies in humans bitten/exposed to laboratory confirmed rabid animals, as well as incidence after use of vaccine or rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) and clinico-epidemiological studies. Methods: A study was conducted during August 2021 to September 2022 on forty (40) rabies suspected animals presented to diagnose rabies by direct fluorescent antibody test (dFAT) at rabies diagnostic laboratory (RDL), Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Punjab, India. A detailed questionnaire was prepared for obtaining information about exposure/bite of humans by rabid animals, death of humans, demographic and epidemiological information of victims. Results: Out of total forty (40) suspected rabies cases, 30(75%) were found positive for rabies by dFAT. Laboratory confirmed rabies (LCR) incidence was 60.80% and 21.73% in stray and pet dogs, respectively. All pet dogs were vaccinated but no stray dog was vaccinated. The LCR incidence in buffaloes and cattle was 77.77% and 100%, respectively. Further in humans exposed to rabid animals (59), males were at more risk than females. The human rabies incidence was 3.38% (2/59). Highest incidence of dog bites in adult males on lower limb was observed from urban stray dogs (60.80%) followed by children. Post exposure vaccination was given to 98.3% humans exposed to rabid animals. Human’s rabies in two cases was due to no vaccination or RIG. Conclusions: Vaccination is an important step in controlling rabies in India. There is a need for integrated and comprehensive management of street dogs and bite management.

Unveiling Urban Canines: Leveraging Single-sight and Sight–resight Survey for Street Dog Population Estimation and Enhanced Rabies Surveillance in Metropolitan City of Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike, Karnataka, India

Aim: The aim of the study is to estimate Bengaluru's street dog population and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for population control and public health, particularly in rabies control. It also aims to develop a blueprint for responsible urban management that prioritizes compassion and safety for both humans and street dogs. Study Design and Methodology: The study utilizes the Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP) Street Dog Survey to estimate the street dog population in Bengaluru. It employs Single-Sight and Sight–Resight methods with Lincoln–Petersen's Formula and Chapman’s Correction for estimation. The population is categorized into zones to provide nuanced insights, guiding targeted interventions based on gender, age composition, and neutering status. During the initial six days, a single-sight survey was conducted by a pair of surveyors traveling on a 2-wheeler down every road in an allocated zone, photographing and recording details of dogs observed. Subsequently, on the following six days, all dogs sighted during the initial survey period were documented, regardless of whether they were previously recorded. Results: The study estimates Bengaluru's street dog population at approximately 279335. It indicates a significant 10% reduction in the street dog population since 2019 which had estimated it at 309898, suggesting effective interventions. There is also a commendable 20% increase in neutering rates from an estimated 51.16% in 2019 to 71.85% in the present study, highlighting the importance of ongoing efforts in population control and public health, particularly in rabies control. Conclusion: The reduction in the street dog population is deemed pivotal for curtailing disease transmission and ensuring public safety. The study positions itself to develop a blueprint for responsible urban management, prioritizing compassion and safety for both humans and street dogs. By exemplifying the effectiveness of evidence-driven policies and collective action, the aim is to pave the way for sustainable urban management practices that foster harmonious coexistence between communities and street dogs. Through continued collaboration and informed decision-making, the study suggests striving towards creating a safer and more compassionate environment for all inhabitants of Bengaluru.

Prevalence of Blood Protozoa in Street Dogs of The Bharatpur Metropolitan Area of Nepal.

Prevalence of Blood Protozoa in Street Dogs of The Bharatpur Metropolitan Area of Nepal.

Street-wise dog testing: Feasibility and reliability of a behavioural test battery for free-ranging dogs in their natural habitat.

Behavioural scientists are increasingly recognizing the need to conduct experiments in the wild to achieve a comprehensive understanding of their species' behaviour. For domestic dogs (Canis familiaris), such progress has been slow. While the life in human households is often regarded as dogs' natural habitat, this classification disregards most of the global dog population. The value of experimentally testing free-ranging dogs' cognition and behaviour is increasingly being recognized, but no comprehensive test batteries have been conducted on those populations so far, leaving the feasibility and reliability of such endeavours unknown. This study is the starting point to fill this gap by pioneering and validating an elaborate behavioural test battery on street-living dogs. Therein, six common temperament tests (human-/conspecific-directed sociability, neophobia, tractability) and dog-human communication paradigms (pointing, inaccessible object) were adapted to the street conditions. We evaluated the feasibility of the test battery, the coding reliability of the measures, and investigated their temporal consistency in a retest of the same individuals six weeks later (test-retest reliability). The test battery proved feasible with most dogs participating in all subtests, and it showed satisfactory inter- and intra-rater reliability (0.84 and 0.93 respectively), providing evidence that complex behavioural tests can be conducted even in highly variable street conditions. Retesting revealed that some behaviours could be captured reliably across time, especially when the subtest was particularly engaging (e.g., human approach, point following). In contrast, the low retest reliability for subtests relying on sustained novelty and behaviours that were highly susceptible to disturbances (e.g., gazing) reflects the difficulties of street dog testing, including standardisation in disturbance-prone environments, ecology-dependent adaptation of methods, and intrinsic differences between pet and free-ranging dogs. With some adaptations, this test battery can be valuable in investigating cognition and behavioural profiles in such an understudied population as free-ranging dogs.

A pilot study on the pulmonary anthracosis in stray dogs of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: A potential public health threat for future.

Kathmandu is a densely populated metropolitan city in Nepal. In recent years, however, the metropolis has been ranked as one of the most polluted cities worldwide. Both humans and animals are susceptible to various respiratory diseases due to chronic exposure to polluted air. Due to the relative similarities in the anatomical structure and physiological functions of the respiratory system between humans and dogs, polluted environments may lead to respiratory illness in similar ways in both species living in the valley. On the basis of information on the air quality in the valley, this study was conceived to assess pulmonary illness in street dogs to discern the health hazards caused by polluted air. A total of 76 dogs with clinical signs of tachypnea, dyspnea, sneezing, coughing, mucopurulent discharge, moderate hyperthermia, and anorexia admitted from July 2020 to November 2020 in Animal Nepal for treatment were included in this study. Among them, 24 animals responded to treatment, and 52 dogs died during their stay in the hospital. The 52 dead animals were necropsied, and the lesions that resembled pulmonary anthracosis were further studied grossly and histologically in a blinded fashion by trained veterinary pathologists. Significant morphological alterations were observed in the lungs and associated lymph nodes of 25 animals, indicating pulmonary anthracosis. Gross morphological changes included multiple black foci with hemorrhage, congestion, nodular, and emphysema on the parietal and visceral surfaces of the lungs. The alveolar septa and visceral pleura exhibited deposition of black particles. Congestion, emphysema, and inflammatory exudates were also detected in the lung tissues and lymph nodes. The clinical, gross, and microscopic findings accurately resembled those of pulmonary anthracosis. This life-threatening condition in stray canines may be caused by a critical level of air pollution from different sources and carbon emissions from vehicles. To protect animals and humans living in the Kathmandu Valley, concerned government and non-government agencies should work toward reducing air pollution levels as soon as possible.

Cocoa intoxication in domestic and street dogs: A comparative study

Chocolate intoxication can be life-threatening to dogs and cats with high morbidity and mortality. The current study aims to compare the toxic effect of dark chocolate on domestic dogs versus street dogs. Eighteen male dogs were used in this study, nine of each of domestic dogs and street dogs. The experiment continued for seven consecutive days. After three days, blood samples were collected as a control, and one dog from each group was sacrificed for negative control histopathological purposes. The same animals of both groups received a mixture of the standard diets and cocoa powder (1g / Kg BW / day) for four days. Clinical signs appeared faster in domestic dogs than in street dogs. Liver enzymes and oxidative stress indicators were elevated after four days in both street dogs the domestic dogs but not in their control groups. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in lipid profile except for HDL in the groups treated with cocoa compared to the control groups. The same results were noticed regarding total protein, urea, and creatinine since they significantly increased against their controls. In conclusion, cocoa is toxic to both domestic and street dogs in the same way except for the starting of the clinical signs where the domestic dogs were affected earlier than street dogs.

Visual diagnosis of internal tumors of dogs and cats in Samarkand

In this article, is provided the importance and effectivity using visual diagnostic methods in the practice of veterinary oncology for the purpose of early diagnosis and treatment of tumors as ultrasound and X-ray and also blood morphological biochemical parameters in 15 dogs with oncological diseases of internal organs in the of canine service dogs and 2 cats belonging to the population of Samarkand region. During the research, 55 service dogs, 110 dogs under the care of the population in the regions of Samarkand and Tashkent and 123 street dogs a total of 288 dogs, as well as the clinic of the “Veterinary Surgery and Obstetrics” Department of the SamSUVM and Specialization of veterinary clinic of the National Cynology Center of Custom service in Tashkent. As a result of clinical and visual diagnosis of 56 heads of population brought to the veterinary clinic, 15 (5.3%) dogs and 2 (3.6%) cats had problems related to tumors located in various internal organs. Tumors identified were uterine and ovarian tumors in 6 (40%) dogs and 2 cats (100%), vaginal tumors in 3 (20%), liver tumors in 2 (13.3%), 1 (6.69%) tumor in stomach, 1 (6.69 %) esophagus, 2 (13.3 %) intestinal tumors were determinated.

Automated Leopard Alert And Reporting Mechanism Using Deep Learning

Today, rapid infrastructure development is taking place in major metropolitan cities, but unfortunately, this progress often involves the destruction of forest reserves, leaving wild animals homeless. The resulting environmental invasion forces these animals to venture into the cities, posing threats to citizens. In Mumbai, there have been numerous sightings of leopards and other wild animals near forested areas. Leopards have been known to attack street dogs, people, and vehicles, making it necessary to work on this problem. This paper suggests the utilization of deep learning models and object detection techniques to detect leopards and other potential threats. By integrating this technology with security applications, citizens can be made aware of the existence of wild animals in their vicinity. This research primarily focuses on addressing the concern of leopard sightings in Mumbai. The objective is to automate leopard detection and reporting using an object detection algorithm. In the proposed system, images of leopards are collected from an existing dataset available on Roboflow, comprising a total of 1000 samples. The proposed model's performance is evaluated using Mean Average Precision (mAP) &amp; detection speed. The proposed method achieves an impressive mAP of 95.9% at a speed of 37 frames per second.

Estimation of Owned and Street Dog Population by Quesionnire Survey and Mark-Recapture Method in Three Urban Areas: Bishoftu, Dukem and Modjo Towns

The understanding of the structure of free-roaming and owning dog population’s estimation is of extreme importance for the planning and monitoring of dog population control strategies, animal welfare and health. The methods used to estimate the abundance of this group of dogs are more complex than the ones used with domiciled owned dogs. We point to enhancements necessary for the implementation of the studies and to potential updates and revisions to the recommendations of the World Health Organization with respect to the estimation of free-ranging and owning dog populations. Rabies is a fatal viral disease of animals and people. People usually infected via bites from an infected animal (e.g. dog). Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) has to initiate immediately after bite wounds of suspected rabid animals in order to avoid fatalities. The situation of rabies poorly known in Ethiopia. Questionnaire survey was conducted in selected blocks in Dukem, Bishoftu and Modjo towns in order to capture information on dog population size estimates using mark-resight surveys has provided useful baseline data for understanding the population dynamics of dogs at the study sites. Mark-resight surveys provide useful information for designing and managing the logistics of dog vaccination or assessing vaccination coverage and for evaluating the impact of neutering programs on the size and structure of dogs’ populations over time. As part of a dog born zoonosis disease risk assessment project, surveys conducted to estimate the size of the dog population and to describe dog management practices of households belonging to different ethnic groups. A markedrecapture method employed and the number of unowned dogs estimated. A total of 599 dog owning households and 276 non-dog household interviewed from at selected 19 blocks at study sites. Owned dogs were more likely male, local breed and for the purpose of used to guard. These households kept their dogs either fully restricted, semi and free roaming but full restriction have reported only at the higher percentage of the total dog households. By counted method, study the ownerless dogs higher than owning and semi-restricted dogs.

Prevalence of intestinal parasites in street dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) with highlights on zoonosis in Lalitpur, Nepal.

The presence of intestinal parasites influences the growth and well-being of canids. Additionally, infected dogs and their faeces with considerably higher eggs/oocysts released per gram (epg/opg) of zoonotic parasites contribute to parasitic spillover to humans, domestic animals and sympatric wildlife. The current study aimed to reveal the prevalence of intestinal parasites (protozoa and helminths) and to list the zoonotically significant parasites in free-roaming street dogs in Lalitpur Metropolitan City, Nepal. Fresh faecal samples (n=332) were collected from feral dogs of varying ages and sexes and transported to the research laboratory. The copro microscopic examination was carried out via direct wet mount, formalin ethyl acetate sedimentation, saturated salt flotation, acid-fast staining and sporulation techniques. Coproscopy revealed an overall 95.7% (318/332) prevalence rate with 23 diverse species of intestinal parasites (10 protozoa and 13 helminths). Among them, 5 protozoa and 11 helminths possessed zoonotic potential, and their overall prevalence was 92.5%. Helminth's overall prevalence was double that of the protozoa (87.7% vs. 43%). Polyparasitism was dominant over mono parasitism (79.5% vs. 16.3%), and co-infection of up to seven species of parasites at a time was recorded. Urban street dogs harboured a higher prevalence of intestinal parasites that varied with age and sex. Since most of the reported parasites are zoonotic, dog density and parasitic richness indicate a greater spillover risk to humans and domestic animals. Furthermore, this study also provides appropriate 'baseline' data for assessing effective control measures against parasitic infestations among street dogs and controlling their transmission to humans.

Challenges in Accessing Comprehensive Rabies Post-Exposure Prophylaxis: A Case Study Following a Street Dog Attack and Subsequent Kitten Bite

Challenges in Accessing Comprehensive Rabies Post-Exposure Prophylaxis: A Case Study Following a Street Dog Attack and Subsequent Kitten Bite

Health evaluation of street dogs in Guarapuava, Brazil

ABSTRACT Free-roaming dogs are removed from the street by the Municipal Animal Control division/shelter and NGOs to safeguard public health as well as to prevent any suffering dogs may face and to find them homes. However, adoption rates are low and there is a lack of public programs aimed at humane control causing increased numbers of street dogs and overcrowding in shelters, compromising health and welfare. We aimed to evaluate the health of dogs from municipal shelters and independent shelters, and community dogs in the city of Guarapuava through clinical examination and complete blood cell count tests. The main changes found in the clinical examination of 297 dogs were hyperthermia in 4.0%, tachypnea in 20.5%, ocular and oral mucosa hypocorada in 6.4%, and ectoparasite infestation in 42.7%. Changes found in the erythrogram were anemia in 15.1% and polycythemia in 3.4%. In the platelet count, thrombocytopenia was found in 10.1% and thrombocytosis in 10.4%. On the leukogram, leukocytosis was observed in 14.8% and leukopenia in 3%. The results reveal the compromised health of some animals, requiring better diagnostic investigation, since certain clinical and complete blood cell count alterations may be caused by zoonotic agents that can endanger human and animal health.

Aplicativo móvil para la identificación de canes callejeros haciendo uso de reconocimiento de imágenes basado en aprendizaje automático

La población de canes callejeros aumenta cada año, por ello se han implementado tecnologías, protocolos y proyectos legislativos en los países para frenarlo. El objetivo de la presente investigación es hacer uso del reconocimiento de imágenes aplicando AutoML para optimizar la identificación de canes callejeros que se encuentran en estado de pérdida. La metodología implementada consta de 4 fases: planteamiento de las preguntas de investigación, generación del modelo usando aprendizaje automático, desarrollo del aplicativo móvil donde se integró el modelo generado y, validación de la propuesta con 2 casos de estudio. De los resultados en la validación, se obtuvo que nuestra propuesta logró optimizar el tiempo y precisión en la identificación de canes perdidos en un 45% en comparacion con otras plataformas web.

Night Market Rescue by Charlotte Cheng (review)

Reviewed by: Night Market Rescue by Charlotte Cheng Kate Quealy-Gainer, Editor Cheng, Charlotte Night Market Rescue; illus. by Amber Ren. Rocky Pond/Penguin, 2023 [32p] Trade ed. ISBN 9780593531723 $18.99 E-book ed. ISBN 9780593531730 $10.99 Reviewed from digital galleys R 4-7 yrs The cool night air sweeps out the hot stickiness of the day in Taipei and brings with it sweet and spicy scents, ones that beckon GoGo, a content but currently hungry street dog, to the bustling night market. Weaving around zooming motor bikes and busy vendors and their customers, GoGo finds a veritable feast: sausage bites, ginger tea, baby bok choy, and scallion stems. He puts his revelry on pause, though, when he sees a little girl, clearly lost, and he beckons her to the market; they wander the area until the little one spots her family, running to their open arms—but now, GoGo is left alone, slinking back into the streets. Viewers will likely see where this is going, but they'll be nonetheless delighted when the child and her family call to GoGo and welcome him into their family. GoGo's an undeniably cute pooch, but the star here is the Night Market, gleaming with red lanterns, sparkling with luminescent colors, and peopled with a delightful assortment of characters that viewers can track through the pages. Shifts in perspectives and varied compositions bring the audience right into the hustle and bustle of the street, as we join GoGo underneath the stalls to grab a treat or zoom out to see him tussle with a possessive cat. Dog lovers will appreciate the warm tail—er, tale—of GoGo finding a forever family, while foodies will relish the assortment of visual treats on offer. Copyright © 2023 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Isolation and identification of Enterobacterales present in dog feces in the city of Merida, Yucatan

The close coexistence between humans and pets such as dogs has increased the risk of transmission of infectious diseases (zoonoses) caused by Enterobacterales. The ingestion of food and water sources contaminated with animal feces matter constitutes the main mechanism of dissemination of these diseases. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of Enterobacterales in stool samples from domestic and street dogs collected in the city of Mérida, Yucatán. For this, 30 stool samples from canines (15 domestic dogs and 15 street dogs) were collected. The bacterial samples were seed on McConkey agar and salmonella-shigella agar (after enrichment in tetrathionate broth). Likewise, microorganisms were identified by biochemical tests: citrate, MIO, LIA, urea, TSI, catalase and oxidase. The most outstanding findings was a high percentage of dogs infected with Salmonella spp., the animals were of both domestic and street origin. This is alarming given the potential risk of zoonosis for the population.

A Compassionate Correspondence: On the Humane Killing of Street Dogs in Istanbul

In lieu of an abstract: Located in the Istanbul Research Institute Library archives, this original autographed document is a typewritten letter from Nazım Kıbrızlı, the president of the Turkish Society for the Protection of Animals (Türkiye Hayvanları Koruma Cemiyeti) throughout the 1940s.1 It is a reader’s letter directly addressed to Fikret Adil (1901–1973), a prominent figure in Istanbul’s cultural milieu from the early republican period onward.

Owned dog population size and ownership patterns in Costa Rica.

Dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) are one of the most common pets around the world but ownership patterns and human-dog interactions have been changing, particularly in developing nations. We conducted household surveys in Costa Rica to characterize dog ownership, the owned dog population, where dogs were confined at night and in the morning, and behaviors regarding selected dog care issues. We also compared these results to similar questionnaires used in Costa Rica over the past 20 years. We found 76% of households in Costa Rica owned at least one dog and on average there were about 1.4 dogs owned per household. These dog ownership rates are higher than previous estimates. The probability of owning a dog was highest on farms and lowest in single family dwellings without a yard, higher among respondents that owned their homes and decreasing with increasing human population density The total number of owned dogs in Costa Rica was estimated to be 2,222,032 (95% confidence intervals: 1,981,497-2,503,751). The sterilization rate for homed dogs in 2020 was approximately 62% (females: 67%, males: 61%) which is higher than the 18% of owned dogs that were sterilized in a 2003 survey. Overall, only 1.2% (95% CI: 0.3-2.5%) of owned dogs slept on the street with a slightly higher proportion on the street at 8 am. The number of owned dogs roaming the streets at night nation-wide was estimated to be 27,208 (95% CI: 7,557-56,619) compared to 43,142 (95% CI: 20,118-73,618) on the street at 8 am. The number of unowned free-roaming dogs in Costa Rica has never been estimated but we can generate some idea of the size of the unowned dog population by determining the proportion of free-roaming dogs on the street wearing collars. There was a negative relationship between human population density and owned dogs being on the street meaning fewer dogs roam the streets in highly populated areas compared to less populated areas. Overall, we identify trends against which future progress can be measured and provide information that are critical in designing effective humane dog management programs in Costa Rica in the future.

Estimation of Owned and Street Dog Population by Quesionniresurveyand Mark-Recapture Method in Three Urban Areas Bishoftu, Dukem and Modjo Towns

The understanding of the structure of free-roaming and owning dog population’s estimation is of extreme importance for the planning and monitoring of dog population control strategies, animal welfare and health. The methods used to estimate the abundance of this group of dogs are more complex than the ones used with domiciled owned dogs. We point to enhancements necessary for the implementation of the studies and to potential updates and revisions to the recommendations of the World Health Organization with respect to the estimation of free-ranging and owning dog populations. Rabies is a fatal viral disease of animals and people. People usually infected via bites from an infected animal (e.g. dog). Post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) has to initiate immediately after bite wounds of suspected rabid animals in order to avoid fatalities. The situation of rabies poorly known in Ethiopia. Questionnaire survey was conducted in selected blocks in Dukem, Bishoftu and Modjo towns in order to capture information on dog population size estimates using mark-re sight surveys has provided useful baseline data for understanding the population dynamics of dogs at the study sites. Mark-re sight surveys provide useful information for designing and managing the logistics of dog vaccination or assessing vaccination coverage and for evaluating the impact of neutering programs on the size and structure of dogs’ populations over time. As part of a dog born zoonosis disease risk assessment project, surveys conducted to estimate the size of the dog population and to describe dog management practices of households belonging to different ethnic groups. A marked-recapture method employed and the number of unowned dogs estimated. A total of 599 dog owning households and 276 non-dog household interviewed from at selected 19 blocks at study sites. Owned dogs were more likely male, local breed and for the purpose of used to guard. These households kept their dogs either fully restricted, semi and free roaming but full restriction have reported only at the higher percentage of the total dog households. By counted method, study the ownerless dogs higher than owning and semi-restricted dogs.