Stream Of Consciousness Research Articles

Schlick on intuition and prediction

ABSTRACT Textor's The Disappearance of the Soul and the Turn Against Metaphysics examines the voluntarist background of Schlick's epistemology, including his conception of knowledge as essentially involving judgements that relate at least two terms, and his connected objection against according intuition epistemic status. Textor interprets Schlick's conception of intuition in light of Schopenhauer's distinction between ordinary and extraordinary cognition. Thus Textor argues that Schlick takes intuition to be a form of “steady contemplation” (Disappearance, 348) of an object that is “either a universal or a particular” (332). I suggest an alternative interpretation, according to which Schlick takes intuition to be an immersion into the contents of the stream of consciousness, which he claims to be a formless “Heraclitian flux” (General Theory, 31, 156). This interpretation allows for a defence, against Textor's objections, of Schlick's thesis that the aim of knowledge is prediction. If the kind of flux given in pure intuition is genuinely ‘Heraclitian’ – that is to say, if the stream of consciousness is ever-changing and unrepeatable – then it is simply impossible for “the devotee of intuition” (General Theory, 150) to predict its course. By contrast, the process of re-cognition that constitutes knowledge is intimately tied to prediction.

"Dialectics of soul" and other psychological techniques in the novel "The Last Day" by Mikhail Naimy

The object of the study is the novel "The Last Day" by the Lebanese writer Mikhail Naimy. The subject of the study was the "dialectic of the soul" and "stream of consciousness", that is, techniques for describing the human condition borrowed from Leo Tolstoy masterpieces. For one day, the soul of Musa al-Askari overcomes severe suffering, it dies and is reborn in a new form. A small person turns into a strong personality. Psychological techniques for describing borderline human states, taken from Fyodor Dostoevsky, also helped the Lebanese writer to reveal the depths of the hero's personality. The scientific novelty of the article is that the Russian writers' techniques are found in the little-studied Arabic novel "The Last Day" that is an illustration of the Russian literature influence on Arab culture. For the first time in Russian literary study, this novel is analyzed from the "dialectic of the soul" perspective. The research was conducted on the basis of historical, literary, comparative methods, using scientific methods of observation and description, analysis and synthesis. As a result, it is noted that the novel narrative is organized according to the psychological realism, in which there is a psychological analysis passed through the stream of consciousness, an internal monologue and the dialectic of the soul. The authors conclude that Naimy took a humanistic approach and a special psychological manner of narration from Russian literature, including Tolstoy and Dostoevsky's works, to convincingly prove that a person is a fine–tuned mechanism, that kindness will save the world, and the secret of happiness lies in serving people. The practical significance of the research is that its results develop the topic of cultural ties between Lebanon and Russia. The article contributes to the development of Arabic literature, which remains poorly studied by Russian literary study.

An Account of Clarissa’s Instabilities in Virginia Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway

This study investigates Virginia Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway and the reasons behind the character Clarissa’s instabilities by applying the narrative technique of stream of consciousness. On the surface, the novel narrates one day in the life of the popular yet introspective Clarissa. Yet it seems as though the novel takes place over a lifetime, as there are several flashbacks and memories of Clarissa’s past. She is certainly a busy individual and an “in demand” member of upper-class society. Clarissa appears collected and in control, as she hurries around her house and the city of London on a lovely day in June. However, she reveals herself as an extremely self-criticizing woman, questioning the choices she has made throughout her life. This study examines the stream-of-consciousness method to explore the hidden reasons for Clarissa’s instabilities. The reasons identified in this analysis were World War I, Clarissa’s troubled marriage life, and her inability to make up her mind. Clarissa proves to be the most complex character in the novel. Virginia Woolf compares Clarissa with all the other major characters, and she analyzes Clarissa’s appearance versus her reality. Throughout the novel, Clarissa questions the choices she has made throughout her life that have landed her in her current troubled situation.

Salience, sensemaking, and setting in psilocybin microdosing: Methodological lessons and preliminary findings of a mixed method qualitative study

ABSTRACT There are profound methodological challenges facing microdosing research. One way we can address some of these methodological issues is by understanding how psilocybin microdosing fits in the broader existential context of people’s lives. We recruited participants who underwent psilocybin microdosing on their own and consented to being monitored for harm mitigation purposes. We combined momentary ecological assessment and detailed retrospective interviews. Participants reported loosening of mental structures (i.e., less intense strength of thoughts, tangential stream of consciousness), increased salience of external stimuli (varyingly associated with greater interest in otherwise mundane activities, as well as sensory overload), an increase in flexible cognition, a decrease in stable cognition, and various ego-dystonic contents. Highly structured environments were conducive to positive appraisal of experiences and vice versa. Momentary ecological assessment and retrospective interviews yielded differing accounts of microdosing experience. We relate our findings to stable and flexible cognition, as well as the notion of salience. We point out the necessity for systematic mixed methods studies to better characterize the lived experience of taking low doses of psilocybin.

Oleksandr Dovzhenko’s Cinematic Novels within the Dramatization of Prose in the 20th Century

The emergence of cinematic novel created by O. Dovzhenko has become one of the chief achievements of Ukrainian culture in the 20th century. The demand for such innovation has been conditioned with the particular place of cinema as an alternative to theatre where the past could be represented at screen in the manner of epic and not dramatic literature. The organic unity of the features of a script and a novel has demonstrated new peculiarities and opportunities of narration. First of all, cinematic novel belongs to the general literary trend of the stream of consciousness that comes back to theatrical soliloquy and builds up a parallel to monodrama. In particular, plot as the determination of events yields to imaginary forces of subjective nature. The comparative research of O. Dovzhenko’s heritage with that of V. Woolf is substantiated with this circumstance. Secondly, it is the so called telegraph style that marks both scripts and cinematic novels coming back still to rhetoric devices of parcellation. The autonomous existence of separate things within cinematic context is presupposed with the effect of alienation ensuing from the phantoms of imagination. Textual dissociation into a series of visions of separate things results in the transformation of linear temporal succession of events into spatial corporeal images marked with multidimensionality. Third, the composition of cinematic novels as well as of other specimens of the stream of consciousness is marked with the traits of spiral narration. The new motivational forces discovered in cinema procured new opportunities for the traditional dramatic problem of fatal predetermination. The formation of cinematic novel has elucidated new interrelation between screen and scene and outlined new perspectives in their interaction.

Personal Meaning and Landscape in Mrs. Dalloway: An Ecocritical Study

This research paper applies an ecocritical perspective to Virginia Woolf’s novel Mrs. Dalloway and studies how nature has been used to describe personal feelings of the characters, both major and minor in the context of industrialization and post-World War 1 era in London. Through the ecocritical lens, this paper explores how Woolf links natural elements like flowers, trees and sky with her writing techniques of the stream of consciousness and inner monologue to echo the psychological self of different characters. The ideas presented by the theorist Richard Kerridge, that of a possible ‘poetic engagement’ of literature with the natural world in an industrialized era, and Britain’s nature as a common self-referent have been taken as the framework for this research. The major research questions are: How does Woolf use nature to describe the emotional states of different characters? What role does nature play in the process of pain and healing of the characters? Why does Woolf feel the need to incorporate nature imagery while describing her character’s innermost thoughts? The paper carries out a close textual analysis of the novel, focusing on all the statements that link nature with the characters’ emotions, and draws to a conclusion claiming that this recurrence of nature in Mrs. Dalloway is a deliberate act on the author’s part to at least figuratively preserve nature in a time period that has destroyed as well as pushed nature into the background.

Personal Meaning and Landscape in Mrs. Dalloway: An Ecocritical Study

This research paper applies an ecocritical perspective to Virginia Woolf’s novel Mrs. Dalloway and studies how nature has been used to describe personal feelings of the characters, both major and minor in the context of industrialization and post-World War 1 era in London. Through the ecocritical lens, this paper explores how Woolf links natural elements like flowers, trees and sky with her writing techniques of the stream of consciousness and inner monologue to echo the psychological self of different characters. The ideas presented by the theorist Richard Kerridge, that of a possible ‘poetic engagement’ of literature with the natural world in an industrialized era, and Britain’s nature as a common self-referent have been taken as the framework for this research. The major research questions are: How does Woolf use nature to describe the emotional states of different characters? What role does nature play in the process of pain and healing of the characters? Why does Woolf feel the need to incorporate nature imagery while describing her character’s innermost thoughts? The paper carries out a close textual analysis of the novel, focusing on all the statements that link nature with the characters’ emotions, and draws to a conclusion claiming that this recurrence of nature in Mrs. Dalloway is a deliberate act on the author’s part to at least figuratively preserve nature in a time period that has destroyed as well as pushed nature into the background.

Representing stream of consciousness in comics: definition and categorization

Representing stream of consciousness in comics: definition and categorization

Marginalisation and Portrayal of Women Characters in Indian Diasporic Writings: A Study of Jhumpa Lahiri and Bharati Mukherjee

Most authors of post-colonial diasporic origin tend to write in a formulaic fashion. Inviting readers from all over the world, they use methods as varied as stream of consciousness, immigration, magic realism, alienation, and the capacity to adjust to a new area and culture. The literary world has taken notice of Indian literature in English because of the depth and relevance of its subject matter. The contemporary trend in Indian writing in English is unparalleled, despite the fact that outstanding literary works written in English were discovered a century ago. Numerous authors have gained widespread recognition on both a national and international scale. Some of the most well-known Indian authors of the modern era did not even grow up in India. Modern Indian English literature found a strong ally in India's female authors. They have shed light on many of the ongoing problems that women have had to deal with for centuries. Women who have stepped out to demonstrate their efficacy in numerous fields have been met with resistance from patriarchal culture. An identity crisis does not arise from one specific event or cause. A person's identity crisis may have been brought on by a number of different things.

The Resistance to Reality Virginia Woolf s Mrs. Dalloway and Chinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart

Both Chinua Achebe and Virginia Woolf are prominent withers for their revolt and subversion against the hegemony and authority. This article aims to reflect and compare how Achebe and Woolf resist to realistic society respectively by a strategy of writing back and stream of consciousness in Things Fall Apart and Mrs. Dalloway. The two novels reassert the identity and agency of marginalized groups, such as women and the colonized, within traditional structures.

Gender in revelations: Unraveling gendered struggles and revisiting the construction of cultural identity paradigms in Badriyah Al-Bishr's Hend Wa alʿaskar (2006)

This article attempts to explore the intricate workings of gender dynamics in Badriyah Al-Bishr's Hend wa alʿaskar (2006). It investigates how the author challenges traditional gender norms through the representation of female characters who strive for liberation. Al-Bishr lays bare the complexities of gender roles within the Saudi Arabian context. Viewed from the lens of narrative perspective, her text reveals the silenced tales of women on the quest for agency and identity. Through vivid storytelling and rich character narrativization that builds on the stream of consciousness, flashback, anticipation, and disruptive temporality, Al-Bishr crafts a compelling narrative of women's revelations within a patriarchal setting. Drawing on cultural discourse analysis, and feminist social epistemology, the reading of Hend wa alʿaskar attempts to offer a nuanced exploration of how gender, power, and resistance intersect and coalesce together to produce a thought-provoking narrative about the contemporary Saudi Arabian context. The complexities of women's tales intricately weave an ambivalent knot of discourses within the narrative, enriching its depth and challenging conventional interpretations.

Comparing “Wandering through a Garden, Waking from a Dream” and “Ulysses” in Consciousness Stream Techniques

. “Ulysses” is one of the representative works of Irish writer James Joyce, and also a masterpiece of the writing technique known as “stream of consciousness,” which has had a significant impact on the world literary arena. “Wandering through a Garden, Waking from a Dream” is a novella created by Taiwanese writer Bai Xianyong which delicately exhibits the entire emotional flow and inner conflicts of the protagonist, Lady Qian, during her attendance at the banquet hosted by Lady Dou through the use of stream of consciousness technique. This paper compares these two classic works from the perspective of stream of consciousness, and analyzes the inspiration and creation of Bai Xianyong’s “Wandering through a Garden, Waking from a Dream” from “Ulysses”. The paper seeks to more profoundly unearth the profound literary value and social significance beneath the unique narrative style of “stream of consciousness” in the former. Based on his proficient mastery of Western stream of consciousness technique, Bai Xianyong fully exerts the creativity of an outstanding writer, forming a distinctive and unique Eastern stream of consciousness writing style rich in Chinese charm.

Stream of Consciousness

Stream of Consciousness

“Time Travel Is Real”

Ali Smith’s Autumn (2016), the first instalment of her Seasonal Quartet, has been analysed as a Brexit novel or “Brexlit” (Pittel 58), when it actually represents a much wider reality. Although some academics highlight the unclassifiable nature of the novel, I believe that, despite its undeniable political undertones and thematic concerns when depicting our transmodern society, both its form and its content are aligned with the features of metamodernism that authors like Nick Bentley and Timotheus Vermeulen and Robin van den Akker define in their research (2017, 2010). While most critical studies have been concerned with the thematic aspects of the novel as the first post-Brexit novel, my aim is to offer an analysis of all the different aspects that make Autumn an accurate example of the metamodernist novel fluctuating between modern features like the use of free indirect discourse and stream of consciousness and postmodern features like multiple narratives and fragmentation. In its oscillation between the modern and the postmodern, Autumn finds a balance through its main characters, Daniel Gluck and Elisabeth Demand, who embody these two structures of feeling. Different as they might be, the reader, alongside these two characters themselves, will find that they are more alike than they expected, and thus their shared ideas and concerns turn into the main themes of the novel: the cyclical nature of time and history, the unheimlich and the nature of art.

On the multiplicity of consciousness

ABSTRACT It is commonly assumed that where consciousness is present, it is a single stream. This notion is bolstered by functions attributed to consciousness, particularly providing multi-faceted experience of a perceptual scene and contributing to the production of coherent behavior, which supposedly require consciousness to be unitary. It is believed that were the unitary structure of consciousness to break down, such that multiple streams of consciousness are present, these functions would be compromised. The split-brain syndrome is widely regarded as evidence for this claim. However, the split-brain syndrome is an atypical structure of human consciousness. As such, conclusions based on the split-brain syndrome regarding the structure and functions of consciousness may be limited in generalizability. There may be cases where multiple consciousness is neither maladaptive nor anomalous but is the naturally evolved configuration, and thus may not compromise the capacity of consciousness to subserve multi-faceted experience and coherent behavior. This paper speculates on the different forms multiple consciousness may take, and demonstrates how they may be able to implement the aforementioned functions of consciousness. In doing so, the paper demonstrates that the commitment a unitary model of consciousness may be due more to anatomical constraints than functional ones.

C. S. Lewis’s Laugh at Modernism: The St(r)eam of Consciousness in “The Shoddy Lands”

Although C. S. Lewis wrote at a time when Modernism was in bloom, he highly decried this literary movement, clearly expressing his disapproval of the entire paradigm of that age. In the article “On Juvenile Tastes”, he claims that the contemporary literary world showed little concern with the narrative art, but more with literary novelties, a category in which he includes the famous technique of “the stream of consciousness”, which he critically nicknamed “the steam of consciousness”. Even if he never actually used this technique per se, he pretended to do so in the short story “The Shoddy Lands”, which explores the mind of Peggy, a very shallow character. The result is highly amusing and thought-provoking, showing in a literary manner his opinion about Modernism. This paper will analyse some aspects of the short story mentioned above in the light of the stream of consciousness technique and reveal Lewis’s intention in apparently engaging with this modernist psychological narrative mode.

НОВЫЙ ГЕРОЙ В КЫРГЫЗСКОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЕ (ПО РОМАНУ К. ДЖУСУБАЛИЕВА «ХОЛОДНЫЕ СТЕНЫ»)

K. Dzhusubaliev's novel "Cold Walls" (1969) is a pioneering work in Kyrgyz literature, employing the “stream of consciousness” technique and introducing a new type of hero. This article examines Arykov's character and the artistic methods used to reveal his inner world. The author creates a multilayered psychological portrait of a hero living in his memories and reflections, representing a departure from traditional Kyrgyz literary characters. “Cold Walls” significantly influenced the development of Kyrgyz literature by showcasing the potential of modernist techniques and profound psychologism, opening new avenues for portraying the human inner world.

Mediation, Stream of Consciousness, and the Faulknerian Voice: As I Lay Dying to The Town

In what sense are literary techniques historically contingent? This essay considers how William Faulkner’s mode of stream of consciousness developed from As I Lay Dying (1930) to The Town (1957). It questions how the same formal presentation of stream of consciousness achieves opposed aesthetic effects: across three decades, character difference becomes sameness, individuality turns to collectivity, and as midcentury readers lamented, the distinctiveness of the Faulknerian voice disappears. The first half of this study identifies a shift in Faulkner’s stream-of-consciousness novels from obscuring to displaying signs of technological mediation, while the second half aligns this trend with an editorial process that foregrounded the role of the typewriter. Tracing these ideas to an analogous theory of the unconscious by psychologist William James, who gave currency to the phrase “stream of consciousness,” this essay argues that the Faulknerian voice—and perhaps literary techniques writ large—depends on processes of mediation irreducible to, yet constitutive of, literary form.

Beyond the border of language: Literary manipulation

Ezra Pound is unequivocally one of the most significant literary figures of the twentieth century. In this paper, I argue that Ezra Pound in the selected poems contributed to the evolution of artistic expression through the experimentation of the theme of exile. His motto ‘make it new’ is effectively employed to navigate through the labyrinth of the exiled voice and to transmute its original ‘impulse’ through the act of translation or the embodied persona. The selected poems for this paper namely: The Seafarer, The Canto I, Cino and Piere Vidal Old forecast the distinctive approach which is derived from Pound’s extensive engagement with literary texts but more importantly emphasize that the spirit of their speakers mediates the text itself which he translates from other languages. Therefore, time via the prism of memory (two entangled areas in the modernist technique of stream of consciousness) become unpunctuated yet fragmented and these poems explore a temporal relationship between embracing, yet half-remembered, history and alienated individual consciousness in the modern world. Therefore, Pound through the selected poems attempts to use exile on different scales in The Seafarer, The Canto I, Cino and Piere Vidal Old. Therefore, Pound creates impactful poetry from both his own experience of 'exile' as well as his extensive knowledge of classical literatures and historical figures which allow for the expansion on the concept of ‘exile’.

Negotiating Survival Amidst Ambivalences: The Chemistry of Healing in Hyginus Ekwuazi’s The Monkey’s Eyes

The role of science in finding solution to an avalanche of issues that bother the human race as well as its overall contribution to the improvement in the quality of life can hardly be quantified. The medical profession in particular has impacted humanity so positively that many diseases that used to pose a serious threat to human existence now succumb to the power of medications and vaccines for their eradication. However, apart from orthodox medications directly administered to patients for recovery, other factors abound which contribute to the recovery process. This is the thrust of this paper which examines the chemistry of convalescence in Hyginus Ekwuazi’s The Monkey’s Eyes. The study adopts trauma theory as well as Richard Sharf’s conceptual perspectives on psychotherapy for its framework. The interpretive design was adopted. A critical analysis of the poems which present the patient-persona, through the stream of consciousness, journeying through the waste land of the hospital, reveals that apart from orthodox medications, the healing process may be affected by the totality of the patient’s psychology influenced, essentially, by the environment of the health facility, the relationship between medics and patients as well as the overall state of things in the health sector of the society. Thus, rather than being a result of a unilateral endeavour, approach or methodology, recuperation ensues from a multipronged effort, factors and conditions.