Dissolved Oxygen In Streams Research Articles

Metabolic scaling of stream dissolved oxygen across the U.S. Atlantic Coast

We investigated the hypothesis of emergent ‘biogeochemical’ similitude (parametric reduction) and scaling of dissolved oxygen (DO) in coastal streams across the U.S. Atlantic Coast by employing dimensional analysis methodology from fluid mechanics and hydraulic engineering. Two mechanistically meaningful dimensionless numbers were discovered as the stream ‘metabolic’ number and the fraction of ‘DO saturation’ number. The ‘metabolic’ number represented the synergistic control on stream DO from various climatic, hydrologic, biochemical, and ecological drivers (e.g., water temperature, atmospheric pressure, stream width and depth, total phosphorus, pH, and salinity). A graphical exploration of the ‘metabolic’ versus the ‘DO saturation’ numbers led to collapse of data during 1998–2015 from diverse coastal streams into an emergent process diagram, indicating three metabolism regimes (high, transitional, and low). The high and low metabolism regimes were, respectively, characterized by the most and least favorable environmental conditions for stream DO depletion—through reduced dissolution and reaeration, as well as increased organic decomposition, respiration, and nitrification. The emergent process diagram led to a generalized power law scaling relationship of the ‘DO saturation’ number as a function of the ‘metabolic’ number (exponent ~ 1/3; Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency, NSE = 0.83–0.85). The metabolic scaling law was leveraged to develop a generalized empirical model to successfully predict DO in diverse streams across the U.S. Atlantic Coast (NSE = 0.83). The emergent process diagram, metabolic scaling law, and prediction model of DO would help understand and manage water quality and ecosystem health of coastal streams in the U.S. and elsewhere.

Modeling stream dissolved oxygen concentration using teaching–learning based optimization algorithm

The aim of this study is to investigate the applicability of teaching–learning based optimization (TLBO) algorithm for the first time in modeling stream dissolved oxygen (DO) prediction. The input parameters selected from a surface water-quality study including 20 indicators for the models are water pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, and hardness, which were measured semimonthly at six monitoring sites selected in an untreated wastewater impacted urban stream during a year, due to their direct and indirect effect on DO concentration. The accuracy of TLBO method is compared with those of the artificial bee colony algorithm and conventional regression analysis methods. These methods are applied to four different regression forms: quadratic, exponential, linear, and power. There are 144 data for each water-quality indicator, 114 of which are designated for training and the rest for testing patterns in the models. To evaluate the performance of the models, five statistical indices, i.e., sum square error, root mean square error, mean absolute error, average relative error, and determination coefficient, are used. The TLBO method with quadratic form from among all models yielded better prediction, with an improvement of nearly 20 %. It can be concluded that the equations obtained by employing the TLBO algorithms predict the stream DO concentration successfully. Therefore, the employment of the TLBO algorithm by water resources and environment managers is encouraged and recommended for future studies.

Modeling Impact of Storage Zones on Stream Dissolved Oxygen

The Streeter-Phelps dissolved oxygen model is modified to incorporate storage zones. A dimensionless number reflecting enhanced decomposition caused by the increased residence time of the biochemical oxygen demand in the storage zone parameterizes the impact. This result provides a partial explanation for the high decomposition rates observed in shallow streams. An application suggests that the storage zone increases the critical oxygen deficit and moves it closer to the point source. It also indicates that the storage zone should have lower oxygen concentration than the main channel. An analysis of a dimensionless enhancement factor indicates that the biochemical oxygen demand decomposition in small streams could be up to two to three times more than anticipated based on the standard Streeter-Phelps model without storage zones. For larger rivers, enhancements of up to 1.5 could occur.

Discussion of “ Stream Dissolved Oxygen Analysis and Control ” by David A. Todd and Philip B. Bedient (June, 1985, Vol. 111, No. 3)

Discussion of “ <i>Stream Dissolved Oxygen Analysis and Control</i> ” by David A. Todd and Philip B. Bedient (June, 1985, Vol. 111, No. 3)

Closure to “ Stream Dissolved Oxygen Analysis and Control ” by David A. Todd and Philip B. Bedient (June, 1985, Vol. 111, No. 3)

Closure to “ <i>Stream Dissolved Oxygen Analysis and Control</i> ” by David A. Todd and Philip B. Bedient (June, 1985, Vol. 111, No. 3)

Effect of Stormwater on Stream Dissolved Oxygen

Closed-form and numerical integration solutions for the dissolved oxygen deficit response in natural streams with dispersion resulting from storm and combined sewer overflows are presented. The closed-form solution for an impulsive load can be used with the superposition principle to compute dissolved oxygen deficit concentration as a function of time and distance from the entry point of the stormwater overflow event. Computed values for the peak dissolved oxygen deficit and the time from entry where it occurs are expressed as single-valued functions of nondimensional groupings.

A Geometric Programming Model for Optimal Allocation of Stream Dissolved Oxygen

A nonlinear model is developed for allocating treatment requirements along a stream so as to meet stream dissolved oxygen standards at each point in the stream while minimizing the total annual cost of all discharging activities. An application of the model to several reaches of the Upper Hudson River is considered, and some alternative pollution abatement policies are analyzed.

Closure to “Effect of Benthic Algae on Stream Dissolved Oxygen”

Closure to “Effect of Benthic Algae on Stream Dissolved Oxygen”

Discussion of “Effect of Benthic Algae on Stream Dissolved Oxygen”

Discussion of “Effect of Benthic Algae on Stream Dissolved Oxygen”

Discussion of “Effect of Benthic Algae on Stream Dissolved Oxygen”

Discussion of “Effect of Benthic Algae on Stream Dissolved Oxygen”

Effect of Benthic Algae on Stream Dissolved Oxygen

The effects of respiratory oxygen uptake by photosynthetic benthos on the water quality of streams is examined. Methods for evaluating these effects are given together with results obtained in a survey of the Truckee River. The significance of daily minimum dissolved oxygen concentrations in streams is considered and techniques for prediction of this value incorporating benthic algal effects are described.