Stratified Sampling Method Research Articles

Active tuberculosis disease among people living with HIV on ART who completed tuberculosis preventive therapy at three public hospitals in Uganda

Tuberculosis (TB) preventive therapy (TPT) reduces the incidence of TB among people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV). However, despite an increase in TPT uptake, TB/HIV coinfection remains stagnant in Uganda especially in areas of increasing HIV incidence such as the Bunyoro sub-region. This study was a retrospective review records (antiretroviral therapy [ART] files) of PLHIV who were active on ART and completed TPT in 2019/2020 at three major hospitals in the Bunyoro sub-region, Uganda: Masindi General Hospital, Hoima Regional Referral Hospital, and Kiryandongo General Hospital. The sample size (987) for each facility was determined using a proportionate sampling method to ensure the study’s power and precision. Factors independently associated with acquiring TB disease post TPT were determined using modified Poisson regression analysis. An adjusted prevalence risk ratio (aPRR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were reported. The participants’ mean age was 38.23 (±11.70) and the majority were female (64.94%). Overall, 9.63% developed active TB disease post TPT completion. In the adjusted analysis, factors associated with active TB disease were a history of an unsuppressed viral load after TPT (aPRR 4.64 (2.85–7.56), p<0.001), opportunistic infections after TPT completion (aPRR 4.31 (aPRR 2.58–7.2), p<0.001), a history of TB active TB disease (aPRR 1.60 (1.06–2.41), p = 0.026), and chronic illness during or after TPT (aPRR 1.68 (1.03–2.73), p = 0.038). To reduce the development of TB disease post TPT thereby improving the effectiveness of TPT, ART adherence should be emphasized to resolve viral suppression and active management of chronic and opportunistic infections. Further clinical management consideration and research is needed for PLHIV who receive TPT but have a previous history of TB disease.

Exploring the Relationship Between Very-High-Resolution Satellite Imagery Data and Fruit Count for Predicting Mango Yield at Multiple Scales

Tree- and block-level prediction of mango yield is important for farm operations, but current manual methods are inefficient. Previous research has identified the accuracies of mango yield forecasting using very-high-resolution (VHR) satellite imagery and an ’18-tree’ stratified sampling method. However, this approach still requires infield sampling to calibrate canopy reflectance and the derived block-level algorithms are unable to translate to other orchards due to the influences of abiotic and biotic conditions. To better appreciate these influences, individual tree yields and corresponding canopy reflectance properties were collected from 2015 to 2021 for 1958 individual mango trees from 55 orchard blocks across 14 farms located in three mango growing regions of Australia. A linear regression analysis of the block-level data revealed the non-existence of a universal relationship between the 24 vegetation indices (VIs) derived from VHR satellite data and fruit count per tree, an outcome likely due to the influence of location, season, management and cultivar. The tree-level fruit count predicted using a random forest (RF) model trained on all calibration data produced a percentage root mean squared error (PRMSE) of 26.5% and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 48 fruits/tree. The lowest PRMSEs produced from RF-based models developed from location, season and cultivar subsets at the individual tree level ranged from 19.3% to 32.6%. At the block level, the PRMSE for the combined model was 10.1% and the lowest values for the location, seasonal and cultivar subset models varied between 7.2% and 10.0% upon validation. Generally, the block-level predictions outperformed the individual tree-level models. Maps were produced to provide mango growers with a visual representation of yield variability across orchards. This enables better identification and management of the influence of abiotic and biotic constraints on production. Future research could investigate the causes of spatial yield variability in mango orchards.

Fostering Tech Integration: Teachers' Attitudes Mediating Lifelong Learning and Technology Integration Self-Efficacy

What matters in education now is teaching and learning in a transformational era. It is primarily about what we demand from education and how we acquire information. To manage the dynamism of learning and teaching, it is crucial to research the teachers’ integration of technology in the context of lifelong education. This study investigates how teachers’ perspectives of lifelong learning and technology attitudes influence technology integration self-efficacy. A structural equation model was constructed to represent the causal relationships between variables. In the 2021-2022 academic year, 386 teachers from various high schools in Eskişehir, Türkiye, were selected using the stratified sampling method. Descriptive analysis and simple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis determined the structural validity of the scales. The validity of the structural equation model was tested by means of path analysis and the model was found to be acceptable. Results show that teacher attitudes mediate between lifelong learning and technology integration self-efficacy, thereby influencing successful technology integration in the classroom. Examining the relationship between teachers’ perceptions of lifelong learning and their level of competence in adapting to technological advances is expected to contribute to relevant studies in this area.

Assessing the long-term care (LTC) service needs of older adults based on time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC)–a cross-sectional survey in central China

BackgroundThe global population’s aging has led to an increasing demand for long-term care (LTC), especially in developing countries like China. Comprehensive assessment of LTC service demands by including the time and cost analysis is crucial to inform the planning and financing of LTC resources, yet such research is lacking in China. Our research team has developed a quantitative index system of the medical and nursing services needs of older adults (QISMNSNE) based on the framework of Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing (TDABC), providing a valuable tool for measuring LTC service needs. This study aimed to assess the LTC service needs of older adults in China and the factors associated with such needs.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in Changsha City, Hunan Province, China, from June 2021 to December 2022. A stratified multistage cluster sampling method was used to recruit 1,270 older adults from five nursing homes and three communities/streets in three regions of Changsha City. The LTC service needs were assessed by calculating the service time required from caregivers, nurses, and doctors and the total service time (min/d) using the QISMNSNE. Participants’ disability, activities of daily living (ADLs), mental status and social involvement (MSSI), and sensory and communication (SC) were assessed using standard scales. Generalized linear regression models were used to analyze factors associated with LTC service needs.ResultsThe participants had an average age of 76.41 ± 8.38 years, with 43.7% being female. The median service time required from caregivers, nurses, and doctors was 53.34 min/d, 3.66 min/d, and 0.33 min/d, respectively, and the total service time was 83.31 min/d. The generalized linear regression model identified the following factors that were associated with higher total service time: aged 75–84 years, living in nursing homes, income over 5000 per month, ADLs, MSSI (9 ~ 40), SC, and having 3 ~ 4 kinds of geriatric comorbidity (P < 0.05).ConclusionsOlder adults have a high need for LTC services, especially those provided by caregivers, indicating an urgent need to expand and improve LTC systems. The LTC service time needed is associated with multilevel factors encompassing socio-demographic, functional, and psychological aspects. This study offers preliminary insights into the needs, demands, and costs of LTC services for older adults and provides essential guidance for future planning and financing of LTC resources.

A mixed-method approach to designing an entrepreneurial behavior development model in agricultural cooperatives of Kermanshah Province

IntroductionOne of the main problems of agricultural cooperatives in Kermanshah province is the weakness in developing entrepreneurial behaviors. If these entrepreneurial behaviors are developed in agricultural cooperatives, it can be expected that their innovative products and services will be developed and expanded, and the field of improving food security and advancing rural and agricultural development programs in Kermanshah province will be provided. So, the present study aimed to design an entrepreneurial behavior development model in agricultural cooperatives in Kermanshah province using an exploratory mixed-method approach.MethodsIn the qualitative part of the study, the participating team included all key informed individuals in the entrepreneurship area in the cooperatives of Kermanshah province. Thirty participants were selected by snowball purposive sampling. The statistical population of the quantitative phase involved 530 managers and members of the active agricultural cooperatives in Kermanshah province. Among them, 223 were selected by the stratified sampling method and the use of Krejcie and Morgan's table. The data collected in the qualitative phase were analyzed by the Nvivo8 software, and the grounded theory was developed in the form of a conceptual model. In the model analysis, the research hypotheses were first compiled and then analyzed by the path analysis method in SPSS 23 and SmartPLS3 software.ResultsThe results of the quantitative phase showed that the causal conditions impacting entrepreneurial behavior development in agricultural cooperatives encompassed the acquisition of economic profits, personal incentives, enjoyment of human and financial credits, internal disputes, insufficient knowledge of the members, and managerial supports. The intervening factors consisted of sanctions, market fluctuations, and climatic changes, and contextual factors comprised cultural factors, diverse working areas, insufficient financial supports, the development of new markets, the institutions' rate of participation in and cooperation with cooperatives, and administrative bureaucracy. Likewise, the proposed strategies embraced promotional-educational practices, the constant modernization of cooperatives, reduction in administrative bureaucracy, supporting entrepreneurship, developing marketing, transparency in the cooperative, eliminating the intermediates, and supportive-financial policies, all of which gave rise to some consequences such as self-sufficiency in production, prevention from cooperative's depression, the development of producing capacities, an increase in job creation, and improvement in the livings of people. The mentioned model was also evaluated in the quantitative section and subsequently approved.DiscussionBased on the results, it can be said that for the development of entrepreneurial behaviors in agricultural cooperatives, a set of factors must be considered in interaction with each other. Based on the results, it is recommended to increase the information and awareness of cooperative members in the field of improving entrepreneurial behavior.

Predictors for vaccine hesitancy among nursing students in Namibia

Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are a priority group targeted for vaccination because they are greatly exposed to infectious agents.Aim: To determine the prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and associated risk factors for vaccine hesitancy to recommend vaccine uptake strategies among student nurses.Setting: The study was carried out at the University of Namibia, main campus in Windhoek.Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken using a proportionate stratified sampling method. The total sample for the study was 509 students. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 29 was used to analyse data. Frequencies and proportions were calculated. Bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regression were conducted to pronounce the predictors for vaccine hesitancy.Results: Only 31.40% students were vaccinated against COVID-19. Out of the vaccinated, 41.80% (p 0.001) were previously infected with COVID-19. Participants who were not HCWs before nursing school were most likely not to be vaccinated (p 0.001). Most unvaccinated students were hesitant because of a lack of information about the COVID-19 vaccine’s side effects (50.36%) and not knowing its effectiveness (38.13%). A total 60.80% of the participants believed a vaccine was needed to overcome the pandemic.Conclusion: We recommend the creation of targeted awareness campaigns that shed more light on the benefits of vaccination and vaccine side effects.Contribution: The study identifies key factors that can be targeted to change student nurses’ behaviour towards vaccination and offers valuable data that can inform preparedness and response strategies for future pandemics in Namibia and similar regions.

Can Witnessing Domestic Violence Predict Risky Health Behaviors of University Students?

Various physical, mental, and behavioral disorders are reported among individuals who witness violence. This study was designed to examine university students' risky health behaviors after witnessing domestic violence. In this study, 2,509 university students, selected using the stratified sampling method in terms of sex and study year, were included. Path analysis was performed to examine the relationships between sociodemographic variables and risky health behaviors. We found that witnessing domestic violence directly increased substance abuse and alcohol consumption in the entire study population and partner violence among female participants. By adding the variable of witnessing domestic violence to the equation as a mediator, the effect of sociodemographic characteristics on risky health behaviors changed.

The analysis of a causal model of learning organization on sustainable organizational performance of public IT companies in China: Knowledge management practices and innovation capability as multiple mediators

This research aims to empirically examine the role of learning organization practices in enhancing sustainable organizational performance, utilizing knowledge management and innovation capability as mediating variables. The study was conducted in public IT companies across China, which is a vital sector for driving innovation and economic growth. A mixed-methods approach was employed, with quantitative methods accounting for 70% and qualitative methods for 30% of the research. Purposive sampling was utilized to distribute questionnaires to 546 employees from 10 public IT companies. Statistical analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings indicate that learning organization practices significantly influence knowledge management practices (β = 0.785, p &lt; 0.001) and innovation capability (β = 0.405, p &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, knowledge management practices positively contribute to sustainable organizational performance (β = 0.541, p &lt; 0.001), while innovation capability also has a positive effect (β = 0.143, p &lt; 0.001). Moreover, knowledge management practices partially mediate the relationship between learning organization practices and sustainable performance, with a total effect of 0.788 (p &lt; 0.001). The mediating role of innovation capability is also significant, with a total effect of 0.422 (p = 0.045). The study further includes qualitative in-depth interviews with 20 managers from 10 IT companies across five regions in China: East, South, West, North, and Central. Senior managers were selected through a stratified sampling method to ensure comprehensive representation by including both the largest and smallest companies in each region. These findings underscore the critical role of learning organizations in promoting sustainability through effective knowledge management and innovation capabilities within the IT sector.

The Effects of Phishing Attacks on Mobile Phone Users in Tanzania: A Case of Kariakoo Market, Dar es Salaam

This study aimed at understanding phishing attacks targeting mobile phone users in Tanzania, focusing on the investigation of effects of these attacks on the mobile phone users. The study used technology threat avoidance theory as its theoretical framework. Respondents were selected using a purposive stratified sampling method to ensure diverse representation across various demographics and business sectors. A descriptive research design was employed and traders in Kariakoo market, Dar es Salaam were the target population. A sample size of 394 respondents was chosen and data obtained through structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS, while qualitative data were examined with Deedose. The study revealed social, economic, and psychological effects of phishing attacks to mobile phone users in Tanzania. Socially, there was a noticeable decline in trust toward digital communications, leading to altered online behaviors and interactions. Economically, the effects included substantial financial losses and disruptions to business operations, impacting both individuals and organizations. Psychologically, the study found that victims experienced emotional distress, anxiety, and a heightened sense of vulnerability, prompting an increased awareness and caution regarding cyber security practices. The study concluded that phishing attacks posed significant social, economic, and psychological challenges for mobile phone users in Tanzania, with effects varying across different demographic groups. It also revealed that users' age, gender, education, and business sector influenced their susceptibility to phishing attacks, leading to diverse experiences and vulnerabilities within the population. The study recommends implementation of targeted awareness campaigns through popular communication channels, such as social media ads and television, to maximize reach and engagement, especially among younger users who are frequently online.

Iranian farmers' response to the drought crisis: How can the consequences of drought be reduced?

Climate change (CC) is an undeniable global phenomenon, impacting various regions, including Iran. Key components of CC, including the increase in greenhouse gases, rising temperatures, and fluctuations in precipitation patterns, are expected to significantly reduce agricultural crop yields in the near future. In response, identifying effective adaptation strategies is critical for mitigating these adverse effects. This study investigates the role of environmental values, risk perception, and psychological distance in shaping Iranian farmers’ adaptation strategies to CC. A sample of 390 farmers from Shushtar County in southwestern Iran was selected through a multi-stage stratified sampling method. Using structural equation modeling (SEM), the analysis revealed complex interrelationships between environmental values (biospheric, altruistic, and egoistic), beliefs, risk perception, psychological distance, and farmers' adaptation responses to CC. Furthermore, the results indicated that the study variables explain 67.6% of the variance in farmers' adaptive behaviors, with belief in CC emerging as the most influential factor. These findings not only enrich the current body of literature but also provide actionable insights for policymakers to foster adaptive strategies among farmers.

Analysis of Resource Use and Production Efficiencies of Broiler Farming in Punjab

The study was conducted and examined using primary data collected from 100 broiler farms, which were applied through a probability proportion sampling method across all the regions of Punjab state. The Cobb-Douglas production function was used to determine the factors affecting broiler production and resource-use efficiency. The coefficient of day-old chicks and broiler feed were positive and significant at a 1 per cent level and affected the gross return of all three categories and overall units. The miscellaneous items were positively significant at a five per cent level only on overall broiler farms. If expenditure on items comprising miscellaneous costs increased by one per cent, it may increase the gross returns by an average of 0.074 per cent. The efficiency indicators of broiler feed showed that feed was overutilized in all categories. The overall ratio of meat-feed was 1.70, which clearly showed that for every rupee spent on feed, it could return to 1.70. The large broiler farms were more desirable value in both feed conversion ratio and meat-feed or output-input ratio. The study suggested that broiler feed was over-utilized, and there is a need to stop wastage of broiler feed.

Environmental Factors Affecting Growth of MSME’s Owned by Entrepreneurs with Disabilities in Rural Areas in Kenya: A Case of Meru County

Purpose: In the recent past, the government of Kenya has paid much attention to entrepreneurship primarily because of the positive relationship between entrepreneurship, job creation and economic growth. In Kenya, over 1.3 million Persons live with disabilities with most of them being generally economically deprived and over-represented among the poor. The aim of the study study was to investigate the external business factors affecting growth of MSME’s owned by entrepreneurs with disabilities in rural areas in Kenya: a case of Meru County. Methodology: The target population comprised of 2021 entrepreneurs with disabilities. The researcher used a combination of stratified sampling, census and purposive sampling method to select the respondents. Data was collected by administration of questionnaires designed based on the research objectives. The data collected was then coded, entered, and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Findings: The findings showed that if all factors; political-legal environment, social –cultural environment and technological environment had a positive and significant effect on growth of MSME’s. Political –legal factors had the greatest effect at 0,882, followed technological at 0.799 while social factors had 0.633. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommended that the government should provide adequate and timely funding to vocational and technical training institutions. Government funding programs such as Women, Youth and Uwezo fund should increase the minimum loan amount, simplify loan application process and ensure timely disbursement of funds as well as establish strategies of lending to individuals. Finally, a mentorship office should be established in every constituency to offer sector specific programs including activities geared towards exposing EwD’s to successful entrepreneurs.

STRES KERJA DAN MOTIVASI KERJA PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN BANK SYARIAH MANDIRI DI KOTA MAKASSAR

This study aims to determine the effect of work stress, work motivation, and the effect of both simultaneously on the performance of Bank Syariah Mandiri employees in Makassar City. This research was conducted at the Bank Syariah Mandiri Office in Makassar City with a research unit of permanent employees aged 20-40 years with a minimum work period of 1 year and a high school educational background and a maximum of Master degree (S2). The total population is 409 employees spread across 8 branch offices and sub-branches. The method chosen to determine the sample is purposive sampling and proportional sampling method and the results obtained are 202 samples. Furthermore, data collection was carried out using questionnaire, observation, and interview methods. The research hypothesis was tested through multiple regression analysis using the SPSS program. The research shows that work stress and work motivation have a significant influence on the performance of Bank Syariah Mandiri employees in Makassar City. Unmanaged work stress can reduce productivity, loyalty, and increase employee turnover, while good work motivation tends to improve performance.

An Initial Study on the Awareness of Digital Currency Among Youth

In the past two decades, the digital landscape has witnessed the emergence of digital currencies. These digital currencies, lacking physical form, facilitate online payments and direct Internet transactions for goods and services without the need for traditional banks or intermediaries. Despite the increasing popularity of digital currencies, a notable challenge persists due to the widespread lack of understanding and awareness, especially in developing countries. Nonetheless, this obstacle can be overcome through directed educational and awareness campaigns. As a result, an initial study into youth awareness of digital currencies, also known as cryptocurrencies in this article, has been carried out. This initial study on awareness surveys respondents' experiences with and trust in cryptocurrencies. A survey was conducted by distributing an online questionnaire, employing a stratified sampling method, resulting in 80 responses from youth in the Northern states of Malaysia. The survey results indicate that 39% of the respondents had less than one year of experience using cryptocurrencies, while 27% reported no prior experience. Despite the limited experience of most respondents with cryptocurrencies, the survey findings imply that most respondents trust the investment benefits of cryptocurrencies. In conclusion, the importance of ongoing research endeavours, particularly within Malaysia, cannot be understated in comprehensively understanding the factors that influence the utilisation of cryptocurrencies.

Integrasi Kewirausahaan dan Pendidikan Islam dalam Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat

The integration of Islamic education with entrepreneurship is an effort to bring about changes in people's quality of life, attitudes and decision making. Especially for students studying at Islamic boarding schools, this knowledge is very important to learn. In this research, researchers used a qualitative descriptive approach using observation, interviews and documentation. Determining informants using the proportional sampling method. This research found: 1) integration of entrepreneurship and Islamic education is needed to improve the welfare of the community in that location because: a) community leaders are very steeped in religion so they always prioritize religion in everything. b) portrait of the diversity of livelihoods of the surrounding community; c) to establish social, religious and entrepreneurial relations with the surrounding community; 2) implementation of the integration of entrepreneurship and Islamic education in improving the welfare of the Sangen Modern Islamic Boarding School community is carried out by implementing entrepreneurship programs in the fields of fisheries, agriculture and cooperatives/canteens within the Islamic boarding school. Keywords: Integration; Entrepreneurship; Islamic education; Well-being Public

Relationship between physical exercise and college students’ social adaptation: the chain mediating role of self-esteem and peer attachment

ObjectivePhysical exercise is an important way for college students to keep healthy, and social adaptation is an important part of college students’ mental health. Therefore, this study explores strategies to enhance college students’ social adaptation from the perspective of physical exercise, examining the correlation between physical exercise and college students’ social adaptation, and delving into the roles of self-esteem and peer attachment in this relationship.MethodsA stratified cluster sampling method was used to collect data from 809 college students at Zhaoqing University (average age 19.88 ± 1.22, of whom 399 were male and 410 were female) using the physical exercise scale, college students’ social adaptation scale, self-esteem scale, and peer attachment scale. For data analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, structural equation modeling, and bias-corrected percentile bootstrap methods were sequentially performed.Results(1) Physical exercise was positively correlated with college students’ social adaptation (r = 0.58, p &amp;lt; 0.01), and the direct path between physical exercise and college students’ social adaptation was significant (β = 0.28, p &amp;lt; 0.01, CI[0.22, 0.33]); (2) Physical exercise was positively correlated with self-esteem (β = 0.56, p &amp;lt; 0.01, CI[0.50, 0.62]) and peer attachment (β = 0.18, p &amp;lt; 0.01, CI[0.11, 0.26]); self-esteem was positively correlated with peer attachment (β = 0.36, p &amp;lt; 0.01, CI[0.28, 0.43]) and college students’ social adaptation (β = 0.43, p &amp;lt; 0.01, CI[0.37, 0.49]); peer attachment was positively correlated with college students’ social adaptation (β = 0.18, p &amp;lt; 0.01, CI[0.12, 0.23]); (3) The relationship between physical exercise and social adaptation was not only mediated independently by self-esteem and peer attachment, but also indirectly by the same two factors in a chain reaction.ConclusionPhysical exercise can not only directly predict college students’ social adaptation, but also indirectly predict college students’ social adaptation through the independent mediation and chain mediation of self-esteem and peer attachment. It reveals that we should combine more important physical exercise with mental health education for students.

Smoking, alcohol, substance, technology, and gambling addiction among university students

Abstract Background University students turn to addictive substances to cope with the anxiety and stress caused by separation from family, adaptation to a new environment, as well as many economic and social problems. This study aimed to examine smoking, alcohol, substance, technology, and gambling addiction among university students. Methods The data of this cross-sectional study were collected between February and March 2024. The study population consisted of 23,446 people studying at Ä°nonu University, and the sample size was calculated as 346 based on a smoking rate of 35.6% among university students. A stratified sampling method was adopted according to the faculty of study, and 366 people were approached regarding the study. The independent variables were age, gender, faculty of study, and smoking status, while the dependent variables were alcohol and substance use status. Descriptive data were expressed in numbers and percentages, and a Chi-square test was used in the statistical analysis. Results Of the students in the research group, 56.8% were female, 54.4% were 22 years of age or older, 30.1% reported smoking cigarettes, 7.7% reported drinking alcohol in the last 30 days, 39.2% reported using the internet for five hours or more per day, 3% reported playing various casino games on the internet once a week or more, and 1.4% stated that they used substances. There was no statistically significant difference between alcohol and substance use according to smoking status (p &amp;gt; 0.05). Conclusions Approximately one-third of the students in the research group reported smoking cigarettes, and one-tenth reported alcohol use, which is quite high. The high percentage of students who use the internet for five hours or more per day and the low rate of online gambling should be considered in relation to these addictions. Key messages • Multidimensional interventions and intersectoral cooperation are required to prevent smoking, alcohol, substance use, technology, and gambling addictions among university students. • In addition, precautions should be taken to protect students against the risks associated with internet addiction and online gaming.

Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan pada PT Satria Bahana Sarana

This study was conducted with the aim of determining the influence of work motivation and work environment on employee job satisfaction at PT Satria Bahana Sarana. The population in this study is all employees at PT Satria Bahana Sarana in the 2024 period of 893 employees. Based on calculations using the Slovin formula, the sample that became respondents in this study was as many as 110 people or around 14% of the total employees of PT Satria Bahana Sarana using the proportional sampling method. The results of multiple linear regression analysis show that work motivation and work environment have a positive and significant effect on employee satisfaction. Work motivation, it is expected that the company's management in determining employees in each division needs to be evaluated, especially at the level of education and work experience that is in accordance with what the employee has. The work environment, it is hoped that the company can provide more complete facilities and in accordance with the needs of employees.

Investigating the Levels of Schools as a Professional Learning Community

Purpose: The study aims to reveal the levels of schools as being a PLC regarding the opinions of teachers working at the high schools. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research was carried out in accordance with the correlational survey design. Participants were selected by the stratified sampling method, which is one of the random sampling types. It consists of 385 teachers. The participants of the research are from Maltepe, Sultanbeyli, Esenler and Bakırköy districts of İstanbul during 2021-2022 academic year. To get the data, PLC Scale was used and to analyze descriptive statistics and one-way analysis of variance were used. Findings: The level of being a professional learning community is at the level of "agree". When the scale’s sub-dimensions were examined, a significant difference was found between the employment type, length of service and district variables. On the basis, some suggestions are given to policy makers. Highlights: It is important to establish an online platform that allows the expansion of the learning network. In addition, a framework plan for schools to ensure sustainability is planned. Lastly, the implementation of rotation between schools could be considered to transform individual intelligence into collective intelligence.

Factors influencing the turnover intention for disease control and prevention workers in Northeast China: an empirical analysis based on logistic-ISM model.

This study aimed to determine the current turnover intention among workers at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCs) in Northeast China and to investigate the factors contributing to this phenomenon. The cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2023 across four northeastern provinces of China. The study included a total of 11,912 valid participants who were CDC workers selected using a stratified cluster sampling method. The study assessed demographics, turnover intention, work resources, work perceptions, and psychological support through online questionnaires. The binary logistic regression analysis identified the factors associated with turnover intention for CDC workers, while the Interpretative Structural Modelling (ISM) revealed the hierarchical relationship between the influencing factors. The study found that 28.8% of the respondents reported high turnover intention. The binary logistic regression suggested that the risk factors of turnover intention among employees included gender, age, education, and several work-related, organizational, and psychological factors. The work-related factors were daily working hours, job burnout, and role overload. The organizational factor was unit support for training, unit's infrastructure conditions, leadership style, remuneration package and performance appraisal and promotion system. The psychological support factors were family support, professional identity, and organizational commitment. The ISM analysis results showed that the primary factors influencing CDC workers' intention to leave were internally connected and grouped into four categories according to their level of impact: surface, transition, deep, and essential factors. Notably, the essential factors were professional identity and organizational commitment. Nearly one-third of the respondents expressed a strong desire to resign from their employment. Turnover intention among CDC workers was subject to diverse influences. Early identification, detection, and targeted multidisciplinary interventions should be introduced to address the array of factors that affect staff, with particular emphasis on boosting the professional identity and organizational commitment of CDC workers.