Reconstruction Strategy Research Articles

Quality control of digestive tract reconstruction in colorectal surgery

Colorectal cancer is a common malignant tumor of the digestive tract, and surgical resection is one of its main treatment methods. The reconstruction of the digestive tract in colorectal surgery is a crucial step that directly affects the postoperative recovery and quality of life of patients. The key points of colorectal surgery reconstruction include reasonable planning of the digestive tract reconstruction path, trying to preserve the neural innervation and blood supply of the intestine as much as possible, and selecting appopriate surgical instruments and anastomotic materials. This article aims to explore in depth the quality control strategies for gastrointestinal reconstruction in colorectal surgery, including precise preoperative evaluation, optimized surgical plans, meticulous intraoperative procedures, and effective quality monitoring systems. By comprehensively analyzing and elaborating on these aspects, scientific basis and practical guidance are provided to improve the quality of digestive tract reconstruction in colorectal surgery.

Perfect Is Perfect: Nickel Prussian Blue Analogue as A High‐Efficiency Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Peroxide Production

AbstractPrussian blue analogues (PBA) are a large family of functional materials with diverse applications such as in electrochemical fields. However, their use in the emerging two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction for clean production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is lagging. Herein, a general solvent exchange induced reconstruction strategy is demonstrated, through which an abnormal NiNi‐PBA superstructure is synthesized as a high‐performance electrocatalyst for H2O2 generation. The resultant NiNi‐PBA superstructure has a stoichiometric composition with saturated lattice water, and a leaf‐like morphology composed of interconnected small‐size nanosheets with identical orientation and predominate {210} side surface exposure. Our studies show that the Ni−N centers on {210} facets are the active sites, and the saturated lattice H2O favors a six‐coordinated environment that results in high selectivity. The “perfect” structure including stoichiometric composition and ideal facet exposure leads to a high selectivity of ~100 % and H2O2 yield of 5.7 mol g−1 h−1, superior to the reported MOF‐based electrocatalysts and most other electrocatalysts.

Fusion Attention for Action Recognition: Integrating Sparse-Dense and Global Attention for Video Action Recognition

Conventional approaches to video action recognition perform global attention over the entire video patches, which may be ineffective due to the temporal redundancy of video frames. Recent works on masked video modeling adopt a high-ratio tube masking and reconstruction strategy as a pre-training method to mitigate the problem of focusing on spatial features well but not on temporal features. Inspired by this pre-training method, we propose Fusion Attention for Action Recognition (FAR), which fuses the sparse-dense attention patterns specialized for temporal features with global attention during fine-tuning. FAR has three main components: head-split sparse-dense attention (HSDA), token–group interaction, and group-averaged classifier. First, HSDA splits the head of multi-head self-attention to fuse global and sparse-dense attention. The sparse-dense attention is divided into groups of tube-shaped patches to focus on temporal features. Second, token–group interaction is used to improve information exchange between divided patch groups. Finally, the group-averaged classifier uses spatio-temporal features from different patch groups to improve performance. The proposed method uses the weight parameters that are pre-trained with VideoMAE and MVD, and achieves higher performance (+0.1–0.4%) with less computation than models fine-tuned with global attention on Something-Something V2 and Kinetics-400. Moreover, qualitative comparisons show that FAR captures temporal features quite well in highly redundant video frames. The FAR approach demonstrates improved action recognition with efficient computation, and exploring its adaptability across different pre-training methods presents an interesting direction for future research.

Analysis of Multi-Dimensional Layers in Historic Districts Based on Theory of the Historic Urban Landscape: Taking Shenyang Fangcheng as an Example

The accelerated process of urbanisation in China is resulting in a decline in and threat to the historic landscape of historic districts. This study is based on the theory of historic urban landscapes and employs a multi-dimensional layers research framework for historic districts. It adopts a single case study and a research method that combines quantitative and qualitative methods. The stratification elements of Fangcheng in Shenyang are identified and summarised, the process of stratification is analysed, and the stratification patterns and laws are summarised through the acquisition and collection of multivariate data. The findings of this study indicate that the stratification elements of the Fangcheng Historic District have undergone five distinct phases of stratification evolution. The resulting stratification pattern can be summarised as follows: newborn, preserve, override, juxtaposition and decession. The spatial elements are layered in the following pattern: The historic landscape can be conceptualised as comprising four layers: (1) the layering of the historic landscape with large public buildings as the anchor point; (2) the layering of the historic landscape with the spatial pattern as the skeleton; (3) the layering of the historic landscape with the iconic buildings as the nodes; and (4) the layering of the historic landscape with the correlative elements as the substrate. The law of value element layering primarily reflects the principles of concentration, diversity and adaptation. In light of the urban historic landscape theory, the reconstruction and restoration strategies, integration of old and new and adaptive conservation of historic landscapes are proposed to offer novel insights and guidance for the conservation of the historic landscape in the Fangcheng Historic District.

Phase Reconstruction‐Directed Synthesis of Oxalate‐Functionalized Nickel Hydroxide Electrocatalyst for High‐Yield H2O2 Generation at Industrial Currents

AbstractThe electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (2e− ORR) offers a promising approach for H2O2 production, yet developing highly active, selective, and stable electrocatalysts remains a challenge. In this work, a phase reconstruction strategy is presented to synthesize an oxalate‐adsorbed nickel hydroxide electrocatalyst (Ni(OH)2‐C2O4) through the self‐dissociation of nickel oxalate in an alkaline medium, leading to a notable enhancement in H2O2 yield at elevated current densities. Remarkably, Ni(OH)2‐C2O4 exhibits a 2e− selectivity exceeding 93% across a broad voltage range (0.0 to 0.5 V vs RHE) in 0.1 M KOH, outperforming pristine Ni(OH)2. When deployed as a gas diffusion electrode in a flow cell, the Ni(OH)2‐C2O4 catalyst demonstrates stable operation for 50 h at 200 mA cm−2, with a Faradaic efficiency surpassing 90% and a peak H2O2 yield of 6.2 mol g−1cat h−1. Comprehensive advanced characterizations, including in situ Raman spectroscopy, transient photovoltage spectra, and transient potential scanning spectra, coupled with post‐ORR analyses, reveal that surface‐adsorbed oxalate groups on Ni(OH)2 enhance the interfacial reaction kinetics between active Ni sites and reactants by inducing a charge trapping effect and forming a hydrogen‐bonded network, facilitating robust and high‐yield H2O2 production.

Hydrogel Strategies for Female Reproduction Dysfunction.

Infertility is an important issue for human reproductive health, with over half of all cases of infertility associated with female factors. Dysfunction of the complex female reproductive system may cause infertility. In clinical practice, female infertility is often treated with oral medications and/or surgical procedures, and ultimately with assisted reproductive technologies. Owing to their excellent biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and adjustable mechanical properties, hydrogels are emerging as valuable tools in the reconstruction of organ function, supplemented by tissue engineering techniques to increase their structure and functionality. Hydrogel-based female reproductive reconstruction strategies targeting the pathological mechanisms of female infertility may provide alternatives for the treatment of ovarian, endometrium/uterine, and fallopian tube dysfunction. In this review, we provide a general introduction to the basic physiology and pathology of the female reproductive system, the limitations of current infertility treatments, and the lack of translation from animal models to human reproductive physiology. We further provide an overview of the current and future potential applications of hydrogels in the treatment of female reproductive system dysfunction, highlighting the great prospects of hydrogel-based strategies in the field of translational medicine, along with the significant challenges to be overcome.

How Many Events are Needed for One Reconstructed Image Using an Event Camera?

Abstract. Event cameras offer significant advantages over traditional cameras, including high temporal resolution, high dynamic range, and low power consumption. However, reconstructing images from the asynchronous events generated by these cameras presents unique challenges. This paper investigates the optimal number of events needed for high-quality image reconstruction using event cameras. We evaluate two primary reconstruction strategies—fixed time window and fixed number of events—across various dynamic and static scenes. Our study includes scenarios with different lighting conditions and camera movements. Using the state-of-the-art E2VID algorithm, we perform both qualitative and quantitative analyses of the reconstructed images, comparing them with reference frames from a traditional RGB camera. Our results demonstrate the trade-offs between temporal resolution and image quality for each reconstruction strategy, providing insights into the optimal settings for different applications. This research offers practical guidelines for selecting appropriate reconstruction parameters to achieve the better image quality from event cameras.

Scaffold-based tissue engineering strategies for urethral repair and reconstruction.

Urethral strictures are common in urology; however, the reconstruction of long urethral strictures is still a major challenge. There are still unavoidable limitations in clinical application of grafts for urethral injuries, which has facilitated the advancement of urethral tissue engineering. Tissue-engineered urethral scaffolds that combine cells or bioactive factors with a biomaterial to mimic the native microenvironment of the urethra, offer a promising approach to urethral reconstruction. Despite the recent rapid development of tissue engineering materials and techniques, a consensus on the optimal strategy for urethral repair and reconstruction is still lacking. This review aims to collect the achievements of urethral tissue engineering in recent years and to categorize and summarize them in order to shed new light on their design. Finally, we visualize several important future directions for urethral repair and reconstruction.

Accelerated Frostbite-Induced Acroosteolysis in Pediatric Insensate Hand: A Case Report and Literature Review.

In pediatric patients, frostbite is a well-documented cause of epiphyseal cartilage destruction and subsequent growth deformity of the affected phalanges. Cases of full acroosteolysis, also referred to as phalangeal osteolysis, of distal phalanges as soon as three months after cold exposure have yet to be reported. We describe a complicated case of frostbite-associated phalangeal osteolysis in the dominant hand of a nine-year-old patient, in the context of post-traumatic insensate hand after sustaining prior electrical burn injuries. This case demonstrates the unique sequela of pediatric frostbite injury involving early loss of the distal phalanx through resorption of the bone and parallel soft tissue retraction, rendering early plastic surgery reconstruction impractical. Reconstructive strategies for frostbite injury in pediatric patients will need to account for the individualized dynamic tissue changes that develop in the months after cold exposure.

Interventional Management of Visceral Artery Aneurysms: Simple to Complex

AbstractVisceral artery aneurysms (VAAs) are uncommon but potentially life-threatening vascular disorders that can involve the celiac, superior, and inferior mesenteric arteries or their branches. They are often asymptomatic but can present with vague abdominal pain, secondary effects, or signs of hemorrhage. The most common site of involvement is the splenic artery, followed by the hepatic artery, the celiac axis, and mesenteric arterial branches. VAAs can be classified into two types: true aneurysms (TAs) and pseudoaneurysms (PSAs). Imaging, particularly multidetector computed tomography angiography, is the cornerstone in diagnosing VAAs. Treatment decisions are based on the risk of rupture and clinical deterioration in a patient with a VAA. The endovascular approach remains the mainstay in the treatment of VAAs. As a general guideline, PSAs, even when asymptomatic, should always be treated. TAs are treated based on their size and location. Deconstructive and reconstructive strategies are the standard treatment options for any VAA, and assessing the vascular anatomy and collateral circulation is paramount for treatment decisions.

Free fillet flap: Outcomes in emergency microsurgical reconstruction of upper and lower limb

INTRODUCTIONDespite its infrequency, “spare-part surgery” represents a reconstructive strategy that uses segments of amputated limbs as donor tissue to preserve function in other injured anatomical regions. The purpose was to review our 14-year experience in emergency microsurgical reconstruction of traumatised limbs using free fillet flaps obtained from non-salvageable amputated parts. MATERIALS AND METHODSA retrospective observational study was conducted on patients who underwent urgent free fillet flap transfer for upper or lower limb reconstruction between 2007 and 2021. The characteristics and levels of injury, as well as the flap designs, functional outcomes and complications were documented. RESULTSA series of eight clinical cases is presented. One osteo-tendino-cutaneous and seven fasciocutaneous flaps were filleted from non-replantable amputated limbs for free transfer. Stable coverage of the dorsal aspect of the hand and fingers was achieved in three patients, and limb shortening was avoided in five patients. An open fracture of the thumb with bone defect, three below-knee stumps and one trans-metatarsal level were preserved. The mean Q-DASH score for upper limb reconstructions was 16.75 points. In all cases of lower limb reconstruction, the nerves were repaired, resulting in a protective sensitivity (S3 level) with no pressure ulcer development during the follow-up period. All patients were able to return to normal prosthetic ambulation with a mean Amputee Mobility Predictor Pro score of 45 points. Two haematomas, one surgical wound dehiscence, and two immediate revisions of venous anastomoses were registered. CONCLUSIONSThe microvascular filleted flap demonstrated versatility in the emergency reconstruction of complex limb injuries, providing stable coverage and optimised limb length preservation within a single major surgical procedure while eliminating morbidity from any other uninjured donor site.

Isotropic Brain MRI Reconstruction from Orthogonal Scans Using 3D Convolutional Neural Network.

As an alternative to true isotropic 3D imaging, image super-resolution (SR) has been applied to reconstruct an isotropic 3D volume from multiple anisotropic scans. However, traditional SR methods struggle with inadequate performance, prolonged processing times, and the necessity for manual feature extraction. Motivated by the exceptional representational ability and automatic feature extraction of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), in this work, we present an end-to-end isotropic MRI reconstruction strategy based on deep learning. The proposed method is based on 3D convolutional neural networks (3D CNNs), which can effectively capture the 3D structural features of MRI volumes and accurately predict potential structure. In addition, the proposed method takes multiple orthogonal scans as input and thus enables the model to use more complementary information from different dimensions for precise inference. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves promising performance in terms of both quantitative and qualitative assessments. In addition, it can process a 3D volume with a size of 256 × 256 × 256 in less than 1 min with the support of an NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080Ti GPU, which suggests that it is not only a quantitatively superior method but also a practical one.

Reconstructing the Surface of K2SiF6:Mn4+ Phosphors toward Enhanced Moisture Resistance for White LED Applications.

The K2SiF6:Mn4+ (KSFM) phosphor featuring efficient ultranarrow red emissions is an outstanding candidate for white light-emitting diode (WLED) applications. However, poor moisture resistance seriously affects its application performance. In this study, a two-step surface reconstruction strategy is proposed to dramatically enhance the moisture resistance of commercially available KSFM phosphors, involving treatment with H2NbF7 and subsequent hydrothermal treatment. The modified KSFM phosphor exhibits a high internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of 98.9% after the two-step surface treatment. Meanwhile, nearly 100% of the initial emission intensity is retained for the modified KSFM phosphor even after aging in high temperature (85 °C) and high relative humidity (85% RH) environments for 6 days, in sharp contrast to only 18.6% retention for the original KSFM phosphor. The relative emission intensity of the modified KSFM remains at 98.9% even after being immersed in water for 6 h. Additionally, the phosphor-converted LED fabricated with the modified KSFM phosphor demonstrated excellent long-term stability, retaining up to 97.9% of initial luminous efficacy after aging under 85 °C and 85% RH conditions for 500 h. The moisture-resistance mechanism is elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis as well as structural and compositional characterization of the phosphor surface layer, which can be attributed to the formation of a robust Mn4+-rare shell with high crystalline quality following this two-step surface treatment. The findings contribute to the performance improvements of KSFM phosphors for industrial applications.

A Kalman-filter based strategy for space-frequency force reconstruction

This contribution presents a Kalman filtering strategy for space-frequency reconstruction of mechanical sources. The proposed approach is based on the definition of an appropriate state-space model, where the state equation assumes that the force vector follows a random walk behavior, while the observation equation is the classical linear relationship between the force and the measured response through the transfer function matrix of the considered structure. One of the main challenges of the proposed approach is the fine-tuning of the covariance matrix associated with the process noise. In this work, it is estimated and adapted at each frequency during the filtering procedure. A numerical experiment is performed on a simply supported beam excited by a broadband point mechanical force to evaluate the reconstruction performance of the proposed approach. Further comparisons with other regularization strategies are also proposed to provide a fair overview of the results obtained.

Whole-brain T2 mapping with radial sampling and retrospective motion correction at 3T.

Several barriers prevent the use of whole-brain T2 mapping in routine use despite increasing interest in this parameter. One of the main barriers is the long scan time resulting in patient discomfort and motion corrupted data. To address this challenge, a method for accurate whole-brain T2 mapping with a limited acquisition time and motion correction capabilities is investigated. A 3D radial multi-echo spin-echo sequence was implemented with optimized sampling trajectory enabling the estimation of intra-scan motion, subsequently used to correct the raw data. Motion corrected echo images are then reconstructed with linear subspace constrained reconstruction. Experiments were carried out on phantom and volunteers at 3T to evaluate the accuracy of the T2 estimation, the sensitivity to lesions and the efficiency of the correction on motion corrupted data. Whole-brain T2 mapping acquired in less than 7 min enabled the depiction of lesions in the white matter with longer T2. Data retrospectively corrupted with typical motion traces of pediatric patients highly benefited from the motion correction by reducing the error in T2 estimates within the lesions. All datasets acquired on seven volunteers, with deliberate motion, also showed that motion corrupted T2 maps could be improved with the retrospective motion correction both at the voxel level and the structure level. A whole-brain T2 mapping sequence with retrospective intra-scan motion correction and reasonable acquisition time is proposed. The method necessitates advanced iterative reconstruction strategies but no additional navigator, external device, or increased scan time is required.

Non-animal derived recombinant collagen-based biomaterials as a promising strategy towards adipose tissue engineering

Adipose tissue engineering (ATE) has been gaining increasing interest over the past decades, offering promise for new and innovative breast reconstructive strategies. Animal-derived gelatin-methacryloyl (Gel-MA) has already been applied in a plethora of TE strategies. However, due to clinical concerns, related to the potential occurrence of immunoglobulin E-mediated immune responses and pathogen transmission, a shift towards defined, reproducible recombinant proteins has occurred. In the present study, a recombinant protein based on human collagen type I, enriched with arginine-glycine-aspartic acid was functionalized with photo-crosslinkable methacryloyl moieties (RCPhC1-MA), processed into 3D scaffolds and compared with frequently applied Gel-MA from animal origin using an indirect printing method applying poly-lactic acid as sacrificial mould. For both materials, similar gel fractions (>65%) and biodegradation times were obtained. In addition, a significantly lower mass swelling ratio (17.6 ± 1.5 versus 24.3 ± 1.4) and mechanical strength (Young's modulus: 1.1 ± 0.2 kPa versus 1.9 ± 0.3 kPa) were observed for RCPhC1-MA compared to Gel-MA scaffolds.In vitroseeding assays showed similar cell viabilities (>80%) and a higher initial cell attachment for the RCPhC1-MA scaffolds. Moreover, the seeded adipose-derived stem cells could be differentiated into the adipogenic lineage for both Gel-MA and RCPhC1-MA scaffolds, showing a trend towards superior differentiation for the RCPhC1-MA scaffolds based on the triglyceride and Bodipy assay. RCPhC1-MA scaffolds could result in a transition towards the exploitation of non-animal-derived biomaterials for ATE, omitting any regulatory concerns related to the use of animal derived products.

Near-surface reconstruction strategy stabilizing high-voltage redox reactions in single crystal Li-rich Mn-based oxides

Li-rich Mn-based oxides (LRMO) greatly increase its output energy density due to its additional oxygen redox activity. However, the inherent oxygen loss and irreversible phase transition induce low initial coulombic efficiency and serious voltage decay, further seriously impeding its industrial application. Herein, a near-surface in-situ reconstruction strategy has been proposed, which constructs the oxygen vacancies and spinel phase coating on the surface of single-crystal Li-rich Mn-based oxide (SC-LRMO) concurrently to improve Li+ storage performance via the oxalic acid induction method. Intensive exploration based on structure characterizations demonstrates that such a near-surface in-situ reconstruction strategy not only accelerates the transmission of Li+, but also stabilizes high-voltage redox reactions by trapping the escaping On− within the newly formed spinel phase coating. Impressively, the modified sample exhibit 91.1% capacity retention ratio after 300 cycles, superior to the SC-LRMO (74.5% capacity retention ratio after 300 cycles). Additionally, even at a high cut-off voltage of 5 V, the acid etched sample exhibits significantly enhanced cycling stability, delivering 200 mAh g−1 with a 94% capacity retention ratio after 300 cycles. This surface self-reconstruction strategy provides profound insights into regulating the surface structure of LRMO for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries.

Porous liquids based on ZIF-67@ZIF-8 through the strategy of interface layer reconstruction for CO2 selective sorption

Porous liquids (PLs) are a new type of porous materials that combine both the porosity of solids and the fluidity of liquids, which have attracted widespread attention. In this paper, we firstly report a novel type III porous liquid through the interfacial layer reconstruction strategy, which are composed of ZIF-67@ZIF-8 as porous cavity and ionic liquid [P6,6,6,14][NTf2] as sterically hindered solvents, respectively. At 25 °C, it showed superior fluidity and the viscosity of PLs is 0.1911 Pa·s (25 °C). Moreover, ZIF-67@ZIF-8 PLs have the potential for CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 selective separation. Under 10 bar, the CO2 adsorption capacity of ZIF-67(S)@ZIF-8-PLs is 1.37 mmol/g that is higher than that of ZIF-67(S)-PLs. Under the same conditions, the CO2 adsorption capacity of PLs is 22.68 times higher than that of N2. Under 2.5 bar, ZIF-67@ZIF-8 PLs showed very low CH4 sorption capacity of 0.005 mmol/g, which is less than that of CO2 (0.279 mmol/g). Notably, this study opens a new horizon to prepare PLs with superior gas selective separation based on interfacial layer reconstruction strategy considering the multiple structures of metal–organic frameworks as porous cavities

Peak-CNN: improved particle image localization using single-stage CNNs

AbstractAn important step in the application of Lagrangian particle tracking (LPT) or in general for image-based single particle identification techniques is the detection of particle image locations on the measurement images and their sub-pixel accurate position estimation. In case of volumetric measurements, this constitutes the first step in the process of recovering 3D particle positions, which is usually performed by triangulation procedures. For two-component 2D measurements, the particle localization results directly serve as input to the tracking algorithm. Depending on the quality of the image, the shape and size of the particle images and the amount of particle image overlap, it can be difficult to find all, or even only the majority, of the projected particle locations in a measurement image. Advanced strategies for 3D particle position reconstruction, such as iterative particle reconstruction (IPR), are designed to work with incomplete 2D particle detection abilities but even they can greatly benefit from a more complete detection as ambiguities and position errors are reduced. We introduce a convolutional neural network (CNN) based particle image detection scheme that significantly outperforms current conventional approaches, both on synthetic and experimental data, and enables particle image localization with a vastly higher completeness even at high image densities.

Strategically Modulating Proton Activity and Electric Double Layer Adsorption for Innovative All-Vanadium Aqueous Mn2+/Proton Hybrid Batteries.

Aqueous Mn-ion batteries (MIBs) exhibit a promising development potential due to their cost-effectiveness, high safety, and potential for high energy density. However, the development of MIBs is hindered by the lack of electrode materials capable of storing Mn2+ ions due to acidic manganese salt electrolytes and large ion radius. Herein, the tunnel-type structure of monoclinic VO2 nanorods to effectively store Mn2+ ions via a reversible (de)insertion chemistry for the first time is reported. Utilizing exhaustive in situ/ex situ multi-scale characterization techniques and theoretical calculations, the co-insertion process of Mn2+/proton is revealed, elucidating the capacity decay mechanism wherein high proton activity leads to irreversible dissolution loss of vanadium species. Further, the Grotthuss transfer mechanism of protons is broken via a hydrogen bond reconstruction strategy while achieving the modulation of the electric double-layer structure, which effectively suppresses the electrode interface proton activity. Consequently, the VO2 demonstrates excellent electrochemical performance at both ambient temperatures and -20°C, especially maintaining a high capacity of 162mAhg-1 at 5Ag-1 after a record-breaking 20000 cycles. Notably, the all-vanadium symmetric pouch cells are successfully assembled for the first time based on the "rocking-chair" Mn2+/proton hybrid mechanism, demonstrating the practical application potential.