Strategic Sustainability Research Articles

Strategic sustainability: Creating business value with life cycle analysis

Markets are increasingly demanding more sustainable products and services, as well as more information about the environmental qualities of the products and services they use. To meet market expectations, modern management needs powerful tools that can create an understanding about the environmental traits of products and services and how these products and services can be made more sustainable. The environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) approach is one such powerful tool that can evaluate the environmental aspects and impacts of a product or service from cradle to grave. While LCA was originally designed to support decisions in the environmental engineering area, it is a tool that can also be used managerially to develop valuable and fact-based sustainability strategies within the company regarding its products and services. Recent examples from industry leaders report exciting evidence of the power of LCA. This article introduces the LCA method as a management decision tool, and illustrates its value creation potential through multiple industry examples.

Strategic Alignment for the New Normal

Local government is assuming a new and transformational leadership role in this era of the “new normal,” which is highlighted by structural resource scarcity and the assumption of new missions in our federal structure. These new missions mandate regional governance, both in planning and in service delivery. Planning in the twenty-first century must be strategic, regionally based, and founded on the principles of community sustainability. Service delivery, while maintaining its traditional emphasis on public safety and service, must move into areas that address the growing social and economic needs of our citizens. The foundation for mission success will see regionalism, deliberative democracy, and strategic sustainability as foundation for local governance.

Sustainability Assessment and Feasibility Analysis: Towards Reflexive Foresight and Financial Scrutiny

Globally, regional cities will bear the brunt of future economic growth. Planning foresight and intelligent policy is needed to dampen malignant growth proclivities and, instead, facilitate sustainable urban development (‘SUD’). But policy makers can struggle to conceptualise, never mind enforce, a comprehensive approach to SUD. Notwithstanding, it is clear that urban infrastructure or mixed-use building projects need some form of intelligent vetting. One tool for ex ante SUD scrutiny blends a sustainability assessment (‘SA’) with a robust project feasibility analysis (‘FA’). The research investigates the merits of a blended conceptual framework (‘SA-FA’) to evaluate urban construction projects. Its first, sustainable, stage is reflexive strategic and contextualised place consideration, stakeholder dialogue and multi-criteria project review. Next, structural risks are translated into financial ones via financial risk diagnostics and analytics. The framework was tested on a mixed-use development case study in regional England. We found that using SA-FA tightens project analysis but also confirmed the conceptual and practical limitations of multi-criteria vetting and financial modelling to evaluate urban regeneration projects with strategic sustainability and public realm spinoffs in complex, dynamic systems with information asymmetry.

Strategic sustainability management and export performance

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to analyze the practices of strategic sustainability management and the main indicators of export performance in industrial companies of the rubber artifacts sector.Design/methodology/approach– The study characterizes itself as descriptive and quantitative and has had the intention to analyze the main practices of strategic sustainability management and the export performance indicators in companies of the artifacts and rubbers sector of the States of São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul. For this, one has carried out a survey with companies of the rubber sector. The conceptual model adopted in the study is made up of a set of variables related to the strategic sustainability management and to the export performance.Findings– The main results have made evident that, in general, companies involve stakeholders and their employees in sustainable strategies; internationalize themselves via exports, by means of intermediaries in Brazil and find themselves in an initial internationalization stage. Moreover, it is possible to maintain that most companies do not believe that sustainability is an initiative separated from company action.Practical implications– One recommends to the studied companies a greater commitment with the international strategies, organizing themselves to pressure the government to give a greater support to the studied sector, and a greater inclusion of sustainability in the organizational strategies, in order to improve their competitiveness in the local and international market.Originality/value– The analyzed data allowed identify the great importance of sustainability, with few barriers against their implementations. Furthermore, it is possible to say that the actions which are toward the practice of sustainability management helped positively for the export performance, confirming the hypotheses of this paper.

Designers’ wooden furniture ecodesign implementation in Scandinavian country-of-origin (COO) branding

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify links between the components involved in ecodesign orientations (EDOs) and the integration of ecological criteria into Scandinavian wooden furniture industries. The purpose of identifying these links is to recognize possibilities and gaps in wooden furniture product development and branding opportunities to deepen customer engagement with the Scandinavian country-of-origin (COO) brand. Design/methodology/approach – The application of ecodesign in Scandinavian wooden furniture industries was studied using survey data gathered from Nordic wood furniture designers. Factor analysis was used to identify the general types of Scandinavian design styles (SDSs) and EDOs implemented in the Scandinavian wooden furniture industry. The SDS and EDO impacts on the integration of ecological design criteria were modelled using logistic regression analysis. Findings – The integration of ecological criteria by Nordic designers influences both the perspectives on material and process optimization and the end use of wooden furniture as well as the recycling of these products. In contrast, our results showed no statistical evidence of connections between different SDS types and the integration of ecological criteria in design. Recognition of special needs of customers valuing both high Scandinavian design and EDO could provide strategic opportunities for wooden furniture industries to recognize new global market potential and enhance their competitiveness. Practical implications – Developing business opportunities for wooden furniture marketed under the Scandinavian COO brand, and forming a better understanding of customer expectations on the ecological information related to different wooden furniture SDS types, is needed. This would support developing new ecodesign strategies across the whole industry and enhancing value proposition of Scandinavian wooden furniture within different customer groups. Originality/value – Research findings on the intersection of industrial brand design and ecodesign are still scarce, especially with a special focus on strategic management and sustainability marketing of companies. The results of our study provide entirely new insights on the topic especially in the context of Scandinavian wooden furniture industry.

Balancing Projects with Society and the Environment: A Project, Programme and Portfolio Approach

Issues such as global climate change, poverty & inequity, and the unsustainable use of resources are driving organisations to incorporate the principles of sustainable development into strategy and operations. Recently project management has drawn criticism of lacking sufficient governance to respond to such issues and the local interpretation and lessons learned have had little success in addressing this. Whilst sustainability principles can be actively influenced, encouraged and monitored through project portfolio programme and project management, there are often problems with translating vision and strategy into project practice. Here we suggest that portfolio and programme management presents an opportunity to integrate visionary and strategic sustainability with operational sustainability. Moreover a programme and portfolio approach can lead to enhanced opportunity to share sustainability practice between projects Therefore sustainability has to be an integrated part of Portfolio, Programme and Project processes to support and achieve the objectives of an organisation. Here the governance of organisational practice and the triple bottom line interlinks the processes to support the operational strategy of an organisation.

Advancing from Efficiency to Sustainability in Swedish Medium-sized Cities: An Approach for Recommending Powertrains and Energy Carriers for Public Bus Transport Systems

European national, regional, and local authorities have started to take action to make public bus transport services more effective and less polluting. Some see the possibility to move beyond a narrow focus on efficiency or carbon dioxide reductions towards an integrated sustainability perspective. This paper uses this perspective to build and test a new assessment approach that should enhance decisions on bus transport powertrains and energy carriers for Swedish medium-sized cities. The study suggests that a superiority of electric powertrains is revealed if a traditional economic analysis is integrated with a strategic sustainability perspective.

Strategic decoupling and sustainability in business schools: a review and conceptual model

The last decade has seen a noted rise in work seeking to better understand decoupling, and concomitant with this rise has been a change in the way decoupling is perceived. The popularized notion of decoupling and related constructs originated in the education sector yet despite its centrality in defining much of the early work on decoupling, comparatively little attention has been paid to the role of decoupling in higher education today. The higher education sector has also been largely overlooked as a site for systematic review into sustainable and responsible operating practices, despite the fact that business education has been challenged on its role in the crisis of confidence facing corporates. Herein we address these gaps in extant literature and provide the first systematic survey of scholarship on sustainability in business schools, before building on this review to present a conceptual model framed in decoupling as articulated in institutional theory.

Previsão de demanda no varejo alimentício como ferramenta estratégica de sustentabilidade em uma pequena empresa brasileira

Em um mundo competitivo e globalizado, a previsão de demanda assume um importante papel para o planejamento das operações e na sua transição para uma cadeia de suprimentos sustentável. Neste sentido, o objetivo do presente trabalho é descrever a previsão de demanda como uma ferramenta estratégica de sustentabilidade aplicável a uma PME brasileira. Para a previsão de demanda utilizou-se o modelo de redes neurais artificiais e o fill rate como indicador do nível de serviço oferecido ao consumidor, assim como do custo de oportunidade em resposta à demanda. O estudo também estabeleceu relação de causa-efeito entre a acuracidade da previsão, a responsividade da demanda e o desempenho econômico, ambiental e social decorrentes do processo. Em concordância com os conceitos da VBRN e do 3BL, o estudo demonstrou que a previsão de demanda proporciona eficiência na utilização dos recursos, melhorias na responsividade do cliente e evita “perdas” por stock out e por overstock na cadeia de suprimentos. Além deste ganho econômico, a previsão de demanda reduz a quantidade de resíduos gerados pelo vencimento de produtos no varejo, melhora o atendimento da demanda e a satisfação do consumidor, com consequentes ganhos ambientais e sociais. Trata-se de um estudo de caso descritivo, ex-post facto e de corte temporal seccional, com utilização de dados qualitativos, dados quantitativos históricos e observação direta.

Previsão de Demanda no Varejo Alimentício como Ferramenta Estratégica de Sustentabilidade em uma Pequena Empresa Brasileira

Demand forecasting plays an increasingly relevant role within competitive and globalized marketplaces, in as much as operations planning and subsequent transition into a sustainable chain of supplies, is concerned. To this effect, the purpose of this study is to present the application of demand forecasting as a strategic sustainability tool at a Brazilian SME. Therefore, this is a descriptive, ex-post facto and cross-cut, sectional time case study, which employs qualitative and historical quantitative and direct observational data and that utilizes, as both indicators of the level of service offered to consumers and of opportunity costs the artificial neural networks model and fill-rates, for demand forecasting and response purposes. The study further established cause-effect relationships between prediction accuracy, demand responsiveness and process-resulting economic, environmental and social performances. Findings additionally concurred with both widely acknowledged sustainability concepts - NRBV (Natural-Resource-Based View) and 3BL (Triple Bottom Line) - by demonstrating that demand forecasts ensure the efficient use of resources, improvements in customer responsiveness and also mitigate supply chain stock out and overstock losses. Further to the mentioned economic benefit, demand forecasting additionally reduced the amount of waste that arises from retail product shelf-life expiration, improving the addressing of demand itself and of customer satisfaction, thus driving consequent environmental and social gains.

The Determinant Factors of Creative Economy Craftsmen Sustainability in South Sulawesi Province

Creative economy craftsmen have big contribution to regional income and able to sustain in crisis. It can be seen on the average of Gross Domestic Product has employed 5.4 million in average for 2002-2009 with participation level of 5.8%. Therefore, a strategic sustainability is needed especially for the determinant factors of sustainability related to creative economy craftsmen. This research aims to observe the determinant factors of sustainability of creative economy craftsmen in Wajo and Bulukumba Regencies in South Sulawesi Province. Sample for the research was 215 creative economy craftsmen. Data collection is conducted on January to April 2012 consists of primary and secondary data. Research method was using prospective analysis to determine important factors to the sustainability of creative economy craftsmen that predict future alternatives. Result from Rap-UEK simulation for the composite of five dimensions showed a less sustainable status of 48.97%. Research results showed that there are six dominant or main factors in determining business sustainability of creative economy craftsmen, one place sale, coordination with the government and private sectors, capital source, increase in the product of creative economy business, business field and product development Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:Table Normal; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Times New Roman; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Times New Roman; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} Doi : 10.12777/ijse.5.2.18-24 [ How to cite this article : Ibrahim , H., Amanah, S., Asngari, P.S., and Purnaningsih , N. (2013). The Determinant Factors of Creative Economy Craftsmen Sustainability in South Sulawesi Province . International Journal of Science and Engineering , 5(2),18-24. Doi: 10.12777/ijse.5.2.18-24 ] Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:Table Normal; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Times New Roman; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Times New Roman; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}

Strategic corporate sustainability performance of Chinese state-owned listed firms: A meta-frontier generalized directional distance function approach

Although sustainability recently became a key factor in social science, little progress has been made toward improving the measurement of sustainability performance. This paper proposes composite corporate sustainability performance indicators using a meta-frontier generalized directional distance function. This advanced approach can measure the efficiency of corporate social responsibility activities by benchmarking, while simultaneously considering industrial heterogeneities, using the meta-frontier approach. First, we propose the concept of a meta-frontier generalized directional distance function. Second, several standardized composite indicators related to corporate sustainability performance are developed. The meta-frontier directional distance function is estimated by solving a series of data envelopment analysis models. Chinese state-owned listed enterprises are then empirically examined using the proposed model. We find significant group heterogeneities in terms of corporate sustainability performance. We also derive some policy implications using the empirical results.

Sustainability-oriented innovation of SMEs: a systematic review

Since the Brundtland report in 1987 a wide debate has emerged on eco-innovation (e.g. eco-design, cleaner production) and sustainability-oriented innovations (SOIs), that is, the integration of ecological and social aspects into products, processes, and organizational structures. While prior research has often dealt with SOIs in large firms, the last decade has begun to generate broad knowledge on the specificities of SOIs in small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) as they are increasingly recognized as central contributors to sustainable development. However, this knowledge is scattered across different disciplines, research communities, and journals. Therefore, this paper analyzes the heterogeneous picture research has drawn within the past 20 years with a focus on the innovation practices including different types of SOIs and strategic sustainability behaviors of SMEs through an interdisciplinary, systematic review in a time frame between 1987 and 2010. By consulting major research databases we have analyzed 84 key journal articles bibliographically and thematically. We find that first SME strategic sustainability behavior ranges from resistant, reactive, anticipatory, and innovation-based to sustainability-rooted. Second, we identify innovation practices at the product, process, and organizational level. Third, our results show that research is still strong on eco-innovation rather than on innovation from a triple bottom line perspective (economic, social, and environmental dimension), that is, SOIs of SMEs. Our main theoretical contribution is the development of an integrated framework on SOIs of SMEs where we delineate how distinct strategic sustainability behaviors can explain contingencies in types of innovation practices. Furthermore, for the more proactive SME behaviors we argue that they possess higher capabilities for more radical SOIs with the innovation process itself changing. Therefore, we propose that interaction with external actors (e.g. customers, authorities, research institutes) can ultimately increase the innovative capacity of SMEs for SOIs. Finally, we identify major research gaps with regard to radical SOIs, streamlined innovation methods, the role of SMEs in industry transformation and in sustainable supply chains, as well as a need for a stronger theoretical debate on SOIs of SMEs.

Strategic sustainability considerations in materials management

Increasing awareness in business and society regarding socio-ecological impacts related to society's use of materials is a driver of new materials management practices. The aim of this study is to gain insight into what considerations come into focus and what types of solutions are revealed when companies apply a strategic sustainability perspective to materials management. Through literature reviews and semi-structured interviews we found that the companies studied have assessed material choices and related management actions, not only regarding their potential to reduce a selection of current socio-ecological impacts, but also regarding their potential to link to future actions to move towards the full scope of socio-ecological sustainability. Through this approach, these companies have found several ways through which materials with characteristics that are commonly considered problematic can be managed sustainably by making strategic use of some of these “problematic” characteristics and other characteristics of the materials. For example, a material associated with problems at end of life, could be managed in closed loops facilitated by the persistence of the material. Based on the findings, we conclude that by not applying a strategic sustainability perspective to materials management, organizations risk phasing out materials perceived to be unsustainable which, managed differently, could be helpful for sustainable development.

Strategic policy, planning and assessment for sustainability: insights from Victoria, Australia

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess recent strategic sustainability policy, planning and assessment efforts in Victoria, Australia.Design/methodology/approachAn interpretive approach to policy analysis provides the methodological foundation for the analysis. Evidence is drawn from the analysis of policy texts and semi‐structured interviews.FindingsSustainability attracted considerable policy attention in Victoria during the first decade of the 21st century, with stated ambitions for Victoria to become “the sustainable state” and “world leaders in environmental sustainability”. In pursuing these ambitions, Victoria's efforts centred on hosting a summit, articulating medium‐term directions and priorities, releasing a whole of government framework to advance sustainability, and establishing a Department of Sustainability and Environment, and a Commissioner for Environmental Sustainability. However, the evidence indicates these efforts would have benefited from greater public engagement and input, stronger governance arrangements, and a broader conceptualisation of sustainability.Practical implicationsThe evidence presented highlights the implications associated with efforts to promote sustainability through strategic policy and planning processes.Originality/valueThis paper provides an informed, yet policy relevant, analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, challenges, and possibilities associated with pursuing sustainability at the sub‐national level. It also highlights the ways in which policy objectives can be frustrated by failing to establish the solid foundations necessary for building a robust approach to promoting sustainability. The value of progressing sustainability within a strategic improvement cycle is also highlighted.

Strategic sustainability and financial performance: exploring abnormal returns

The ongoing empirical debate about whether SRI is associated, if anything, with subpar or surpassing financial performance is characterized by a somewhat indistinct focus and the infeasibility of tapping the full potential of existing models. By indistinct focus, we mean an analysis based on an aggregation of a myriad of SRI factors that potentially affect a firm’s financial performance. The inability of taking full advantage of existing models is reflected by the fact that studies with European data have not been able to comprehensively account for systematic risk tilts. This paper presents a portfolio analysis that overcomes these issues by analyzing a distinct selection of small and innovative firms. We argue that both their strategic implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility and the general growth in socially responsible investments (SRI) lend themselves to an explanation for positive abnormal returns of this portfolio. We account for the idiosyncratic investment style of SRI by introducing a comprehensive pan-European risk-adjusted portfolio analysis based on the Carhart four-factor model. A novel propensity score matching method in conjunction with the estimation of structural models completes the conventional robustness checks in the literature.

A System of Sustainability Indicators for the Province of Thai Binh, Vietnam

Sustainable Development is a broad and universal concept. Indicators are a basis to measure sustainability and to direct policies that aim to achieve a better quality of life. Thai Binh, a coastal province in North Vietnam is strongly concerned about strategic sustainability development. To select a system of sustainability indicators, the Delphi method was applied in 2012. A two-round questionnaire was organized to use with 32 experts, who acted as participants. 69 indicators were selected from 98 listed indicators: 15 related to economic development, 5 to the sea and coastal zone, 1 to the global economic partnership, 4 to consumption and production patterns, 7 to poverty, 3 to governance, 9 to health, 4 to education, 3 to demographics, 2 to natural hazards, 5 to atmosphere, 7 to land, and 3 to freshwater. Conversely, 29 other indicators were rejected. The Delphi method allows indicator selection for identification of the process of sustainability. The system of indicators, as the first important step of the sustainable development process, provides useful information for decision makers and planners as well sustainability strategy. It is planned that the indicators selected should be applied in the province.

Key elements for implementing a strategic sustainability perspective in the product innovation process

This article aims to present identified key elements for successful implementation of a strategic sustainability perspective in the early phases of the product innovation process. In-depth interview studies were conducted in six companies within the same corporate group. These, together with a review of literature, previous research and company documents, were a foundation for evaluating if and how a strategic sustainability perspective has been successfully implemented on a day-to-day basis in the product innovation processes of the studied companies. The results are divided into strengths and challenges of the companies with regard to implementing a strategic sustainability perspective in the product innovation process. From this research, eight key elements for successful implementation of a strategic sustainability perspective have been identified. These elements are divided into four categories: organization, internal processes, roles, and tools. It is posited that incorporating these key elements into product innovation processes will encourage a company to have a strategic sustainability perspective, which will support the company's long-term success.

Assessment of criteria development for public procurement from a strategic sustainability perspective

Green public procurement has emerged as a policy instrument with a significant potential to steer procurers' and producers' decisions in a sustainable direction. The purpose of this study is to assess the process for development of green public procurement criteria at a Swedish governmental expert body from a strategic sustainability perspective, i.e. to identify strengths and weaknesses from such a perspective as a basis for making this process more supportive of sustainable product and service innovation. A previously published framework for strategic sustainable development is used for the assessment. The assessment shows that the criteria development process is transparent, well-documented and that it encourages a high level of participation by the members of the working groups. However, the assessment also points to several weaknesses of the process. These include, e.g., a limited impact perspective and lack of a clear definition of sustainability objectives. The development process therefore results in criteria which mainly concern a selection of current environmental impacts outside the context of long-term objectives and consequently there are no strategies to prepare for future processes. The conclusion is that the current process may result in improvements as regards some known environmental problems, but to allow for a strategic approach that could more significantly promote innovative product-service system solutions in support of sustainable development, process changes are needed. Essential process changes are proposed in this paper.

Analyzing the Concept of Planetary Boundaries from a Strategic Sustainability Perspective: How Does Humanity Avoid Tipping the Planet?

Recently, an approach for sustainability, the planetary-boundary approach (PBA), has been proposed, which combines the concept of tipping points with global-scale sustainability indicators. The PBA could represent a significant step forward in monitoring and managing known and suspected sustainability criteria. However, as the authors of the PBA describe, the approach faces numerous and fundamental challenges that must be addressed, including successful identification of key sustainability metrics and their tipping points, as well as the coordination of systemic individual and institutional actions that are required to address the sustainability challenges highlighted. We apply a previously published framework for systematic and strategic development toward a robust basic definition of sustainability, i.e., the framework for strategic sustainable development (FSSD), to improve and inform the PBA. The FSSD includes basic principles for sustainability, and logical guidelines for how to approach their fulfillment. It is aimed at preventing unsustainable behavior at both the micro, e.g., individual firm, and macro, i.e., global, levels, even when specific sustainability symptoms and metrics are not yet well understood or even known. Whereas the PBA seeks to estimate how far the biosphere can be driven away from a normal or natural state before tipping points are reached, because of ongoing violations of basic sustainability principles, the FSSD allows for individual planners to move systematically toward sustainability before all impacts from not doing so, or their respective tipping points, are known. Critical weaknesses in the PBA can, thus, be overcome by a combined approach, significantly increasing both the applicability and efficacy of the PBA, as well as informing strategies developed in line with the FSSD, e.g., by providing a global warning system to help prioritize strategic actions highlighted by the FSSD. Thus, although ongoing monitoring of known and suspected sustainability metrics and their possible tipping points is a critical part of the evolving sustainability landscape, effective and timely utilization of planetary-boundary information on multiple scales requires coupling to a strategic approach that makes the underlying sustainability principles explicit and includes strategic guidelines to approach them. Outside of such a rigorous and systems-based context, the PBA, even given its scale, risks leading individual organizations or planners to (i) focus on of, e.g., pollution within the PBs and negotiations to get as high proportion of such as possible, and/or (ii) awaiting data on PBs when such do not yet exist before they act, and/or (iii) find it difficult to manage uncertainties of the data once such have arrived. If sustainability problems are to be solved, it is important that each actor recognizes the benefits, not the least self-benefits, of designing and executing strategies toward a principled and scientifically robust definition of sustainability. This claim is not only based on theoretical reasoning. A growing number of sectors, businesses, and municipalities/cities around the world are already doing it, i.e., not estimating allowed shares of, say fossil CO2 emissions, but gradually moving away from unsustainable use of fossil fuels and other unsustainable practices altogether.