Strategic Significance Research Articles

Online Tutoring's Technological Foundation and Future Prospects: Enterprise Architecture Development

This study examines the advancement of enterprise architecture with the objective of enhancing the technological infrastructure and long-term strategies in the online student tutoring sector. Online tutoring has emerged as the primary option for supporting the learning process in the rapidly advancing digital age. Identify the essential elements involved in establishing robust groundwork for an online tutoring platform, with a focus on highlighting the strategic significance of enterprise architecture. Examining the technological infrastructure that is customized to fulfill the demands of the tutoring sector constitutes the research methodology utilized in this investigation. Enterprise architecture serves as the fundamental framework that enables smooth integration among different systems, applications, and services used in online tutoring. Creating an enterprise architecture will subsequently generate a well-defined technology roadmap, empowering tutoring companies to innovate with greater precision. This architecture enhances the role of online tutoring in providing a more adaptable and personalized learning experience for students by utilizing advanced technologies like artificial intelligence and data analytics. This study emphasizes the significance of enterprise architecture in facilitating educational transformation and establishing a robust framework for online tutoring companies to progress efficiently. To foster the growth and advancement of the online tutoring industry, it is crucial to strategically enhance the technological infrastructure and implement a well-designed enterprise architecture. This will enable the sector to play a substantial role in shaping a dynamic and forward-thinking educational landscape.

Sedimentary characteristics, lithofacies, and paleogeography of the Middle–Lower Cambrian in the Tarim Basin, NW China

The Cambrian pre-salt dolomite sequence in the Tarim Basin is a target zone of great strategic significance for hydrocarbon exploration in the basin. Using the results of the interpretation of 3D seismic data from Lunnan and 2D seismic data covering the whole basin, and based on a synthesis of outcrop data, drilling data, well logs, core data, and thin-section data, and the findings from previous studies, this paper studies the characteristics of the facies of the Middle–Lower Cambrian in the platform area in the Tarim Basin, the formation and evolution of platform margins, and the sedimentary characteristics, lithofacies, and paleogeographic characteristics of the Middle–Lower Cambrian series. Based on the types of lithofacies and the seismic facies analysis, the sedimentary facies of the Middle–Lower Cambrian strata can be classified into the five types. From bottom to top, the Middle–Lower Cambrian have experienced several development stages, including the deposition of continental shelf sediments of the Yuertusi Formation, gently sloping non-rimmed platform margin sediments of the Xiaoerbulake Formation, weakly rimmed platform margin sediments of the Wusongger and Shayilike formations, and strongly rimmed platform margin sediments of the Awatage Formation. In each stage, the platform margin shifted further east relative to its location in the previous stage. Based on these results and previous studies, the lithofacies and paleogeography maps of the Middle–Lower Cambrian in the Tarim Basin are modified, and the implications for hydrocarbon exploration in this area are discussed.

The centennial sustainable assessment of regional construction industry under the multidisciplinary coupling model

Sustainability research in the construction industry is of great strategic significance to the ecological environment of countries worldwide. This paper innovates theoretical models such as “structural response sensitivity weight” through interdisciplinary research on advanced mathematics, engineering science, computer science, environmental management and economic sociology. The model solves the limitations of multi-factor, multi-discrete, multi-constraint and low coupling iteration accuracy. The article shows the robustness of the model through case studies. The research data shows that the construction industry in China will reach its highest life cycle assessment emission peak of 2.73 GT in 2030 and will have harmful emissions of -2.78 GT between 2061 and 2098. The social impact assessment will peak at 4.26 GT in 2048 and harmful emissions of −3.75 GT per year from 2061 to 2098. This research provides a comprehensive research theory system and reference standards for scientific calculation and accurate assessment of the sustainable development of the construction industry in various countries around the world.

Extended TODIM technique based on TOPSIS for county preschool education resource allocation level evaluation under interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy sets

Optimizing the allocation of preschool education resources and improving the efficiency of resource allocation is of great strategic significance for the universal and inclusive development of preschool education and the realization of “education for young children". In recent years, the shift from high-speed development to high-quality development of the social economy has significantly improved the balanced development level of China’s preschool education industry. However, preschool education remains the weakest link in China’s education system and the most unfavorable aspect of educational resource allocation. Problems such as shortage of preschool education resources, insufficient investment, uneven regional development, imbalanced supply and demand structure, low resource allocation efficiency, and “difficult to enter, expensive to enter” are still prominent. How to optimize resource allocation and improve resource utilization efficiency in the limited resources of preschool education is the key to achieving balanced, fair, coordinated, and high-quality development of preschool education. The county preschool education resource allocation level evaluation is MAGDM problems. Recently, the TODIM and TOPSIS technique was employed to cope with MAGDM issues. The interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy sets (IVPFSs) are employed as a tool for characterizing uncertain information during the county preschool education resource allocation level evaluation. In this manuscript, the interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy TODIM-TOPSIS (IVPF-TODIM-TOPSIS) technique is built to solve the MAGDM under IVPFSs. Finally, a numerical case study for county preschool education resource allocation level evaluation is given to validate the proposed technique. The main contribution of this paper is managed: (1) the TODIM and TOPSIS technique was extended to IVPFSs; (2) Information Entropy is employed to manage the weight values under IVPFSs. (3) the IVPF-TODIM-TOPSIS technique is founded to manage the MAGDM under IVPFSs; (4) Algorithm analysis for county preschool education resource allocation level evaluation and comparison analysis are constructed based on one numerical example to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the IVPF-TODIM-TOPSIS technique.

The Importance of Educational Expenditure Toward Human Resources Quality and Economic Growth: An Empirical Approach

This paper examines the critical significance of education in improving the calibre of human resources and stimulating economic development. This paper explores diversity and intricate ways in which education contributes to economic development through the enhancement of individual capabilities, the encouragement of inventive thinking, and the advancement of the general welfare of society. The paper emphasizes the critical need for significant public funding in education as a fundamental element for long-term economic progress and the improvement of personal well-being. By synthesizing empirical evidence and research findings from multiple studies, this paper provides substantial support for the notion that educational expenditure has a crucial influence on both economic growth and the development of high-quality human resources. It analyses the various manifestations and purposes of expenditures on education, illustrating its crucial contribution to the development of human capital, the improvement of productivity, and the general well-being of society. The discourse further delves into the strategic significance of education in the formulation of policies, arguing in Favor of its prioritization as a pivotal economic policy. Effective educational investment, according to the paper, is not only crucial for providing individuals with the necessary skills for gainful employment, but also for enhancing their earning capacity and promoting the generation of social value. In summary, the paper underscores the critical role that education plays in fostering social progress and economic prosperity. It is imperative that policymakers acknowledge the enduring advantages of education and allocate resources in a manner that guarantees its continued prominence in approaches designed to attain economic and social goals.

Investigation and Research on the Capacity Building of "Double-teacher" Teachers in Higher Vocational Colleges

"Double-teacher" teachers are the core requirements for teachers in the process of teacher specialization exploration in China's vocational education. With the implementation of the plan for the construction of high-level vocational schools and majors with Chinese characteristics, the acceleration of the reform and development of higher vocational education and the high-quality development of higher vocational colleges, the construction of a high-level vocational education "double-teacher" teaching team is of great strategic significance for the future development of higher vocational colleges and the deepening of higher vocational education reform. With the continuous development of the specialization of vocational education teachers, the professional capacity building of "dual-teacher" teachers has received extensive attention in the field of vocational education, and has become an important part of the training of vocational education teachers, as well as an important starting point and an important force to lead the national strategy of vocational education services, integrate into regional development, and promote industrial upgrading.

The role of knowledge assets and corporate social responsibility in creating firm value

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how knowledge assets and corporate social responsibility jointly influence the market value of a firm. In the contemporary knowledge-driven economy, where competitive advantage is based on intangible and intellectual capital, this paper emphasizes the strategic significance of knowledge assets, open innovation, and sustainable development practices in creating and maximizing market value. By employing multiple regression analysis on panel data for ten financial years, the study examines the optimal composition of knowledge assets and the impact of CSR initiatives on firm value. Key findings highlight a crucial threshold leading to the peak of market value, approximately when knowledge assets account for about 36% of a firm’s total non-current assets. Further, this study demonstrates that maintaining a balance between internally developed knowledge assets and external acquisitions significantly enhances value, correlating with the cultivation of a capitalization ability. Finally, this paper shows that corporate social responsibility emerges as a substantial driver of generating firm value, suggesting that integrating these practices into corporate strategic decisions not only aligns with ethical goals but also enhances market valuation. The insights from this study offer valuable perspectives for both academic researchers and industry professionals, advocating for a well-balanced approach to corporate asset management and underscoring the strategic importance of incorporating corporate social responsibility.

How and why the Arctic Council survived until now – an analysis of the transition in chairship between Russia and Norway

ABSTRACT From Russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine to the handover of the Norwegian chairship of the Arctic Council, concerns have arisen regarding the Council’s ability to weather this emerging geopolitical challenge. This article provides a chronological overview of the events within and outside the Council from 24 February 2022, until the chairship transition on 11 May 2023. Additionally, the article analyses the legal and political framework that has sustained the Arctic Council until now. Multiple factors have contributed to the Arctic Council’s ability still to be considered relevant: its role as a knowledge producer and facilitator, its strategic significance as a multilateral platform for cooperation, and the inclusion of non-state actors and indigenous peoples in decision-shaping processes. In addition to its incentivising individual states to demonstrate their commitment to Arctic governance when addressing climate and environmental issues in the north beyond the constraints of bilateral relations. By examining these incentives and contextualising the recent developments within the Arctic Council, this paper examines the chairship transition between Russia and Norway and discusses how and why the Arctic Council survived during this time.

Taliban’s Gender Policy and Its Implications for International Relations

This research pertains to the tenets of the Taliban’s gender policy and its roots within a particular political discourse and foreign policy. Further, the research examines the cognition of related countries on Afghanistan’s gender policy and the impact of this policy on the country’s inter-state relations. This paper collects and analyses news articles and recent reports published as the supporting database and published material from JSTOR, ProQuest, Web of Science, Scopus, Gender Studies, and Wiley. The social and historical evolution of Afghanistan is discussed to better comprehend the historical trajectory of gender policy and inequality, as well as the political and diplomatic positions of different countries in Afghanistan, Central Asia, and Asia. Their views on gender policies have a profound impact on its national political and economic situation and the vested interests of power that are concerned about gender equality in Afghanistan. To conclude, the article recommends how countries should approach Afghanistan and the Taliban regime to improve international relations and its foreign policies with countries of strategic significance while enhancing women’s position in the country.

Research on Intelligent Inspection Method of Prestressed Bridge Engineering Based on Machine Learning

Abstract As an important engineering structure for national and regional transportation infrastructure construction, bridges have important economic, social, and strategic significance. The research centers on the intelligent detection of prestressed bridge engineering, on the one hand, combined with the finite element analysis of the prestressed beam modal in the obtained area, based on LS-SVM to construct the intelligent detection method of effective prestressing of bridge engineering. On the other hand, the ResNet neural network is selected for feature extraction of bridge characteristic parameters, and LSTM is combined to complete the fusion of bridge spatiotemporal features to construct an intelligent detection model of bridge technical condition based on the ResNet-LSTM joint network. The detection performance of the two methods is evaluated through simulation and experimental tests on the dataset. The analysis shows that the maximum error for effective prestress detection of the LS-SVM model is 15.584%, which is 6.121% lower than that of the BP neural network model. The technical condition detection error of less than 0.1 is basically greater than 90% in both discontinuous and continuous time-span detection. It has been verified that the LS-SVM model has a better identification effect on effective prestressing, while the ResNet-LSTM model has a high accuracy prediction effect on the technical condition of the bridge.

REEs Prospects in Laterites Profiles of Ibra, Sultanate of Oman

REEs now days are acting as an alternative source of low- sustainable energy economy and got strategic significance in the development of most of the current high-end technologies in industries and Laterite deposits provide one of the major natural sources of REEs. Laterite soil or rock is a product of intensive and prolonged weathering of underlying parent rock formed in hot and wet tropical areas. It is mainly rich in iron and aluminum oxides. The development of laterite profiles in most of Oman Mountains is mainly related to the late Cretaceous (Coniacian to late Companion) tectonic evolution of the Oman Mountains which are part of the Alpine–Himalayan fold belt. Laterite and regolith formations can be found overlie the Samail ophiolite in Oman. Samail Ophiolite is a part of upper mantle & Oceanic lithosphere which over thrusted on to the continental crust. The Samail ophiolite is considered as one of the major features of the Oman Mountains. The present study focuses on the REEs prospects in the Ibra region of Sultanate of Oman and study area of Ibra region lies within the Samail Ophiolite. The fieldwork was carried out for geological evaluation at the Ibra region. Total 3 number of Laterite profiles were observed during the fieldwork. Samples were collected from the Harzburgite rock. All samples were analyzed for ICPMS analysis to know the REEs. Field observation and chemical analysis clearly indicates that the Ibra region might have good prospect for REEs exploration and mining based on their REEs content

The Knowledge Structure and Development Trend in Artificial Intelligence Based on Latent Feature Topic Model

Currently, with the rapid development of science and technology, the field of artificial intelligence presents characteristics such as a wide crossover of disciplines and fast update, and the field of artificial intelligence has become a new focus of international competition. As an interdisciplinary field, the field of artificial intelligence has rich knowledge and strategic management significance. This article conducts an in-depth study on the knowledge structure and evolution trends in the field of AI, and the main work is as follows. First, a new potential feature topic model New-LDA is proposed for the study of topic recognition, which enhances the feature learning ability of the traditional LDA model, and makes up for the deficiency of the traditional LDA model in the ability of recognizing topics in complex environments. Second, the knowledge structure in the field of AI is analyzed from two aspects: topic recognition and coword analysis. The time series model is introduced to establish the topic evolution network, and the high-frequency words in three periods are compared and analyzed to find the evolution regular of knowledge structure in the AI domain. Finally, taking the cross-discipline of AI as an example, the thematic evolution of the field and its cross-discipline is analyzed to determine the future development direction and evolutionary trend of the field of AI.

Indium Recovery from End-of-Life E-Waste: Important Details Related to Spectroanalytical Determination and Recycling Viability

Recycling has experienced great interest over the past five years, primarily driven by its strategic economic significance and the growing scarcity of natural resources. One element that has garnered attention is indium (In), especially due to its presence in flat panel displays (FPDs), particularly in devices utilizing liquid crystal display (LCD). The goal of this research was to establish a method for extracting In from LCD. The study faced challenges related to In determination using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP OES), and furthermore, it proposed an optimized extraction method through design of experiments (DoE), focusing on extraction time and percentage of solid variables. Diverse sample types encompassing smartphones, monitors, and television screens were processed. Leaching was conducted utilizing a magnetic plate at 80 °C, employing a 1 mol L-1 H2SO4 solution along with 25% m v-1 of the sample. This proposed method achieved a near-complete extraction rate (100%) for In. Moreover, in-depth interviews were conducted with several stakeholders in urban mining and various sectors within Brazil. The insights gleaned from these interviews showed the absence of a consolidated market for recycling LCDs with a specific emphasis on In recovery.

Strategic Gateway: Mongolia's Perplexing Challenges

Mongolia, a vast country with a crowded capital, faces economic recessions, poverty, unemployment, corruption, and infrastructure deficiencies, exacerbated by extreme weather conditions owing to its geographical location. Despite its recent sovereignty, self-sufficiency remains elusive. Cultural, historical, territorial, and political ties to neighbours offer advantages but entail dependence on Russia and China. Adjacent to Russia, a regime with invading potential, Mongolia faces the risk of attacks, but the presence of China acts as a short-term protective measure. Although China recognizes Mongolia as an independent country, it has a habit of claiming historical lands. Mongolia exists as a sovereign state predominantly because both Russia and China consider it a buffer state. Changes in Russo-Chinese dynamics could lead to Mongolia’s absorption into China or it becoming a battleground for warfare. Despite being landlocked, Mongolia holds strategic significance in the maritime domain as an alternative trade route to China if the Malacca Strait is ever to be choked, though with minimal economic gains. Thus, Mongolia's significance as a remedy to a chokepoint is juxtaposed with its vulnerability to regional political tensions. To strengthen its foreign policy, Mongolia has sought to balance relations and establish partnerships with global powers outside its immediate neighbourhood.

Silica-supported non-precious copper catalyst for catalytic hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan

The selective hydroconversion of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is of great scientific and strategic significance for high-value utilization of biomass. Furandiols are important monomers for producing novel bio-based polyester, which can be prepared by HMF processing. In this work, a facile solid-phase grinding technique was employed to synthesize Cu/SiO2 catalysts, demonstrating outstanding catalytic performance for the selective hydrogenation of HMF to produce 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF). Remarkably, under conditions of 140 ℃ and 0.5 MPa H2 for 6 h, a HMF conversion of 99.0 % and a BHMF yield of 94.7 % were achieved. Multiple characterization techniques, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm techniques, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were utilized and revealed the relationship between catalyst properties and its structure. The findings indicated that Cu+ can adsorb and activate the carbonyl group (C=O), while Cu0 is responsible for H2 dissociation, culminating in the efficient hydrogenation of HMF into BHMF through the synergistic effect of Cu+ and Cu0. This kind of non-precious copper catalyst presents significant potential for industrial-scale applications.

OPTIMIZING BROILER FARM DEVELOPMENT IN NABIRE REGENCY, PAPUA PROVINCE, INDONESIA

This study explores the optimization of broiler farming in Nabire Regency, Papua Province, Indonesia. With the aim of addressing the substantial deficit in local broiler meat supply, this research employs a SWOT analysis to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats faced by the broiler farming sector in Nabire. The findings highlight the strategic significance of Nabire's location, the rising demand for broiler meat, and the availability of natural resources and local government support. However, challenges such as limited farmer experience, dependency on external sources for feed and day-old chicks (DOC), and high mortality rates persist. Strategies proposed include increasing the use of available land, providing soft credit, forming cooperatives, and enhancing farmer knowledge through technology transfer. The study underscores the need for comprehensive strategic planning to enhance broiler productivity and meet the local demand for broiler meat effectively.

How VLOG Promotion Content Influences Consumer Attitudes

As Internet technology continues to advance and as various social media platforms proliferate, consumers have gained the ability to distribute video content across a multitude of online channels. A vlog (video blog) is an online video documentary format used by vloggers (video bloggers) to record their daily lives and share their experiences with various products. In recent years, Vloggers who publish vlogs on social media have gained increasing popularity. The use of vlogs to convey product information has received widespread attention, leading an increasing number of companies to consider them part of their marketing mix and actively incorporate them into their marketing strategies. However, it is still unclear which factors influence consumer attitudes while watching vlogs. Therefore, it has become a focus of attention in both academia and the business world to clarify how vlog promotion content influences consumer attitudes and to use vlog promotion to improve consumer attitudes, thereby increasing consumers’ purchase intentions and achieving brand promotion objectives. The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the factors that influence consumer attitudes towards vlog promotion content. This article is based on the ABC attitude model theory, and data collected through an online questionnaire survey of Chinese consumers were analysed to statistically verify the relationship between consumers’ purchase intentions and factors related to vlog content. The predictor variables included trust in vlog, vlogger popularity, vlogger personal appeal, understanding of vlogger advertised products, vlog content, and frequency of interaction between vlogger and fans. Path analysis revealed that two intermediate variables related to vlogger (cognition and emotion) had a positive impact, and a model was constructed to further examine their influence on consumer behaviour (dependent variable). The research findings of this study reveal that three key factors significantly influence consumer attitudes towards vlog promotion. These factors encompass the understanding of vlogger’s advertised products, vlog’s content, and the frequency of interaction between vlogger and fans. For future vlog promotions, it is recommended to augment the vlogger’s product knowledge and approachability. To create captivating vlog content, emphasis should be placed on enhancing its entertainment value, establishing personal connections with viewers, and encouraging shareability. Moreover, the vlogger should actively engage with dedicated fans, prioritize valuable fan comments, and foster harmonious relationships. Furthermore, the findings of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of vlog promotion for various brands and services, providing valuable insights into the content of promotional activities for different brands and services. This highlights the strategic significance of vlog promotion and its relevance in guiding promotional strategies.

Resource Advantages and Practical Paths of Rural Cultural Revitalization in the Context of Multimedia Era

Abstract The revitalization of rural culture is an important part of the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside in the new era and is of great strategic significance to the realization of the development goal of agricultural modernization. Guided by the value orientation of rural cultural revitalization, the article analyzes the characteristics of multimedia communication and the application strategy in rural cultural communication. Using Oracle as the data storage module and combining the B/S structure, a rural culture digital resource library was established, rural culture images were digitally converted through deep features, end-to-end detection was introduced to extract rural music audio, and a three-dimensional model was also established for rural cultural landscape. The DEA model was also combined with the Malmquist index to explore the utilization efficiency of rural cultural resources. The data on rural cultural revitalization in Province S were used to analyze the efficiency and change trends of its rural cultural revitalization, and the application of the digital resource library of rural culture was studied. The overall efficiency index of rural cultural revitalization practice increased by 7.21% between 2013 and 2023, the average value of the change in the Malmquist index was 1.037, the audience’s satisfaction with the rural cultural services was 3.48 points, and the experience assessment of digital resource library is 83.35 points. The revitalization of rural culture needs to focus on accessing multimedia platforms and relying on digital resource libraries to achieve the deepening of the scope of rural cultural communication.

Analysis of the Risks and Synergies Arising from Corporate Mergers and Acquisitions: Sed on the Case of Greely’s Acquisition of Volvo

Based on the case of Geely’s acquisition of Volvo in 2010, this paper analyzes the reasons for its M&A by applying the SWOT model and analyzes the risks arising from the financial and integration aspects of the company at the time of the M&A, as well as the synergistic effects arising after the M&A, to explore the timing and manner based on which is the most favorable for the corporate M&A. Geely’s acquisition of Volvo is a case of an acquisition of a leading Chinese and European company in a critical industry. By fully exploring and analyzing the impact of various factors on the M&A process, including those involving capital, technology, personnel, culture, etc., as well as the post-acquisition operation and management model, we analyze how to improve corporate competitiveness after the M&A, taking into account the international market environment and industrial logic, and for company leaders in For whether corporate M&A should be carried out, they should understand the strategic positioning and objectives of the company and select objects with strategic significance for M&A. Establish a clear integration plan and objectives, and carefully implement the integration plan after the M&A to ensure the effectiveness of the integration and the implementation effect. Focus on M&A cultural integration, establish a shared corporate culture, and promote collaboration and cooperation among M&A companies to enhance overall value.

Antiasthmatic Medicinal Plants of Tanzania: An Ethnomedicinal and Ethnopharmacological Review.

Traditional medicinal plants (TMPs) are a significant part of people's quality of life, offering a natural substitute for modern drugs with numerous side effects. In Tanzania, data on antiasthmatic TMPs are highly fragmented. This review, a comprehensive compilation of ethnobotanical research evidence, aimed to provide a thorough understanding of TMPs used by the locals for asthma management and identify species that have already been investigated in preclinical studies. The review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. To gather relevant literature on antiasthmatic TMPs used by Tanzanians, a web search using electronic databases (Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, Academic Library, Web of Science, SciFinder, Wiley Online Library, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and African Journals Online) was conducted. The scientific names were verified through the Plants of the World Online database, and the collected information was analysed for descriptive statistics using Microsoft Excel software. The ethnomedicinal information was obtained from 24 different articles. Microsoft Excel software was used to analyse the data using descriptive statistics. A total of 62 TMPs belonging to 33 families were identified. Species of the Fabaceae (14.5%) and Rubiaceae families (8.1%) are the most utilized. The analysis revealed that trees (42.0%) and leaves (40.0%) are the most utilized life forms and plant parts, respectively. Most plant materials (59.7%) used to make remedies were collected from the wild environment. Decoction (55.0%) is the dominant preparation method of remedies, and the majority (69.0%) were orally administered. Of the recorded TMPs, 22.6% had their in vivo antiasthmatic activity reported in the literature. The review also highlighted the strategic significance of preparations of remedies made from TMPs for discovering and developing new antiasthmatic drugs. However, the need to identify the molecular targets of action and toxicological aspects of the TMPs should be considered.