Strategic Planning Research Articles

Client Satisfaction and Quality of Rendered Services of Landbank San Pablo Rizal Avenue Branch: A Basis for Strategic Plan

The study was about client satisfaction and service quality using the SERVQUAL Model at Landbank San Pablo Rizal Avenue Branch, which served as the basis for the strategic plan. The study uses a descriptive correlation design complemented by a quantitative approach and a multi-staged stratified sampling technique to analyze 200 bank clients. Moreover, the research used a modified adapted survey instrument for data gathering. The frequency count and percentage were utilized to ascertain the client's demographic profile. Mean and standard deviation were employed to assess client satisfaction and service quality. ANOVA was used to identify significant differences in satisfaction and the quality of rendered service. Post Hoc Tukey's test was used to determine the significance of group mean pairings. The relationship between client satisfaction and the quality of rendered services was analyzed using the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. The study reveals that Landbank's client base is predominantly young and middle-aged, with 0–5 years of experience. The satisfaction level is slightly lower than expected, with tangibility being the top factor. The quality of services is satisfactory, with investment services receiving the highest score. However, satisfaction levels vary based on transaction types, with e-banking clients showing higher satisfaction. A weak negative correlation exists between satisfaction and perceived service quality, suggesting clients still perceive Landbank's service quality as satisfactory. The strategic plan includes tailored services for investment clients, improved e-banking features, consistent employee training, and targeted communication strategies.

A New Approach to Rural Classification Based on the Filter-Method System: An Empirical Study in Nanning, South China

Rural revitalization is a strategic plan to address sustainable rural development in China and is an important revitalization task for Chinese villages. Rural classification is a key strategy for clarifying the direction and positioning of rural development and providing scientific policy decision-making Based on the findings of previous research on rural classification, we propose a new method for rural classification—the filter-method classification system. The operational steps of the classification are as follows: determining the type of villages, implementing the qualitative filter-method, implementing the quantitative filter-method, testing and feedback, and formulating the development guidelines. A total of 1425 villages in Nanning, the capital city of Guangxi, were classified. The classification results show that villages in Nanning city can be divided into four primary categories and eight secondary categories. The accuracy of the primary categories in the classification results was tested to verify the scientific objectivity and applicability of the classification idea and mode. Finally, development suggestions are presented based on the results of the classification of villages. The study results provide a reference for further rural classification work to help rural revitalization and improve the rural classification methodology and the scientific objectivity of classification. It also provides the basis for sustainable monitoring of rural development.

Urban forest and sustainability: the historical perspective of Limbe in the Southwest Region of Cameroon

ABSTRACT Projected rapid urbanisation and climate change will increase the risk of natural disasters in fragile coastal African cities. Strategically planning and managing the urban forest can help to build resilience. This study aimed to document urban forest development and sustainability in Cameroon using the city of Limbe as a baseline through the classification of urban forest elements; description of their developmental history and assessment of the level of sustainability to inform strategic planning. Data was collected using a forest ethnology approach. Two groups of stakeholders’ representatives of public institutions (Group 1), Non-Governmental Organisations and educated indigenes (Group 2) provided oral histories of tree planting. Face to face interviews with 15 stakeholders were conducted guided by semi-structured questionnaires. From these results, there are four types of urban forest. Limbe Botanical Garden (LBG) developed during the colonial era was the most prominent. Municipal authorities by law should create different types of urban forest but their actions have been limited to Roadside Trees (RT) planting. The absence of budget, policy and inventory was responsible for the low level of urban forest sustainability. Increasing awareness of the effectiveness of urban forest nature-based solutions in tackling deadly landslides and floods in Limbe can promote urban forest sustainability.

Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Banking Industry: A Case Study of Pakistan

This study investigates the adoption and impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Pakistan’s banking sector, with a focus on Habib Bank Limited (HBL), Faysal Bank, and Bank Alfalah. The objective is to understand the extent to which AI technologies have transformed core activities within customer service, operations, fraud detection, and risk management in these banks. Data were collected from semi-structured interviews with ten respondents, selected based on their experience with AI implementation. This qualitative methodology allows for in-depth insights into the functionality and challenges associated with AI in banking. Results reveal that AI has notably improved operational efficiency by streamlining risk management and enabling real-time fraud detection. Additionally, AI-driven chatbots and virtual assistants have enhanced customer experiences by offering faster and more personalized services. Despite these benefits, the study identifies significant challenges, particularly regarding data privacy and regulatory compliance, as well as the need for human resources to adapt to AI-enabled tools. Key pressures in the industry include building capabilities to work alongside AI while addressing concerns over automation. To maximize the advantages of AI, the study emphasizes the need for comprehensive policies that balance technological adoption with ethical considerations, data security, and staff training. Strategic planning in Pakistan’s banking sector will be crucial to harnessing AI’s potential while managing its risks.

Determination of Forest Health using Remote Sensing Techniques in Gashaka-Gumti National Park, Northeast, Nigeria

This study was conducted in order to determine the health status of forest vegetation in Gashaka-Gumti National Park. Landsat images were downloaded from the USGS website. The images were pre-processed using radiometric correction since the reflectance values were needed for computing spectral indices, the digital numbers were converted to radiance and reflectance, and analysis was carried out using a raster calculator. The range of NDVI, GNDVI, ARVI and MSI were used for health assessment. Utilizing NDVI, GNDVI, ARVI, and MSI as assessment tools revealed moderate to good health in most forest regions, with higher ARVI, GNDVI, and NDVI indicating healthier vegetation and elevated MSI values suggesting areas under moisture stress. the average values of NDVI, GNDVI, ARVI, and MSI over three decades indicate a potential decline in overall vegetation health, reduced green vegetation, changes in vegetation conditions, and a decrease in moisture stress, suggesting a potential increase in greening and photosynthetic activities in plants. These trends highlight the dynamic nature of the forest ecosystem over the studied period. Positive correlations between ARVI, GNDVI, and NDVI across years indicate a consistent vegetation pattern, while negative correlations with MSI suggest potential inverse relationships, providing valuable insights into forest health dynamics. Higher values of ARVI, GNDVI, and NDVI generally signify healthier vegetation, whereas elevated MSI values may indicate areas experiencing moisture stress, emphasizing the importance of monitoring these indices for sustainable forest management. The study recommends the sustained use of NDVI, GNDVI, ARVI, and MSI for forest health monitoring in the study area, implementing integrated pest management based on identified stress conditions, utilize spatial maps for strategic timber harvest planning, developing climate-resilient management considering moisture stress, and invest in research for enhanced assessment precision and understanding of ecosystem dynamics.

Natural assets, changes, and variations of the socioeconomic-environmental systems along the Asian drylands belt

Abstract The amount of and changes in a country's natural assets are crucial for developing national strategic plans and policies due to their foundational role in determining the resilience of social-environmental systems (SES), especially under a changing climate. Many integrated metrics on natural assets have been proposed based on individual measures to provide insights into the state of national natural resources. This is particularly true for countries experiencing extreme environmental stresses. Drawing on longitudinal data spanning from 1980 to 2020, the objective of this study is to analyze nuanced distinctions across 23 political entities (PEs) in the dryland regions of mid-latitudinal Asia, investigating their interannual variabilities over the four-decade study period and discerning potential driving forces. We examined three key integrated measures of the SES: ecosystem water use efficiency (WUE), human appropriation of net primary production (HANPP), and human appropriation of water resources (HAWR). We found increased variability as well as spikes in extreme values in each of these three measures of SES function among the 23 PEs over the study period. Water stress played an increasing and more important role than temperature in influencing the magnitude and variations of the three measures. Our results also indicate that human interventions may help increase the efficiency of water use in this dryland region of the world.

Analysis of Budget Planning and Control for the Implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): A Case Study at Yayasan Kebudayaan Rancage

This study analyzes budget planning and control in a non-profit organization focused on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The main objective is understanding the budget implementation process supporting SDG objectives at Yayasan Kebudayaan Rancage (Rancage Cultural Foundation). Using a qualitative methodology with a single instrumental case study and action research methods, data was collected through observations, interviews, and documentation. Narrative and comparative analysis methods were employed to evaluate the actual field conditions. The study results indicate that the foundation needs a structured budget. Based on these findings, developing a strategic plan, work plan, and detailed budget is recommended. These recommendations aim to create a more systematic budgeting process, enhance awareness, and improve engagement with the SDGs.

Selecting Suitable Sites for Wind Energy Harvesting in Iraq using GIS Techniques

Wind energy harnesses the kinetic force of the wind through turbines to produce electricity. As a critical renewable energy source, it presents a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. The availability of wind energy is geographically contingent. This paper aims to pinpoint optimal sites for wind energy development in Iraq and to secure future energy needs from renewable sources to achieve this, a multi-criteria analysis utilizing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) was employed to determine the prime locations for wind energy extraction. Vital climatic data incorporated into this analysis included a RASTER file of the study area's annual wind speed, temperature, precipitation, soil moisture, and NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) roads, urban centers, terrain gradients, and land utilization patterns were instrumental in constructing a GIS-based model. This model harnessed the weighted overlay tool within ArcGIS 10.7.1's Spatial Analysis Tools to classify and integrate various raster datasets. Findings reveal that the most favorable locations for wind energy exploitation are in Iraq's southeastern sectors. These zones are not only marked by vigorous winds averaging speeds over 6.2 meters per second but also benefit from their proximity to power grids, accessible roads, and gentle slopes, making them prime candidates for wind farm installation. The research also notes that regions with a high suitability index for wind energy development constitute 5.3% of the total examined area. This is a robust indicator of Iraq's capacity for wind energy utilization. Meanwhile, 79.7% of the territory received a moderate suitability rating, 9.5% was categorized as poorly suitable, and 5.4% was considered unsuitable for wind energy projects. These insights underscore the significant potential for harvesting wind energy in Iraq and guide strategic planning for its implementation.

The role of industry 4.0 and ambidexterity on the SCM-SME performance link: Australia evidence

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the relationships amongst supply chain management (SCM) implementation, Industry 4.0 technologies, organisational ambidexterity and SMEs’ performance in Australia. It further examines whether Industry 4.0 technologies and organisational ambidexterity have mediating effects on such relationships.Design/methodology/approachResearch data were collected through a cross-sectional survey of a sample of 204 SMEs from different industries in Australia. The overall model fit and hypotheses were tested through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM).FindingsThe statistical results reveal that successful SCM implementation, Industry 4.0 technologies and organisational ambidexterity approach through exploiting existing competencies and exploring new opportunities improve SMEs' performance in Australia. In addition, Industry 4.0 technologies and organisational ambidexterity are found to mediate the relationship between SCM implementation and SMEs’ performance.Originality/valueThe coexisting impacts of SCM implementation, Industry 4.0 technologies and organisational ambidexterity on SMEs’ performance, and how Industry 4.0 technologies and organisational ambidexterity mediate and affect the relationship of SCM implementation and SMEs’ performance have not been addressed previously in Australia. This study, thus, addresses these research gaps, which are expected to be beneficial to managerial practices to support SMEs in their strategic planning and performance enhancement goals.

Navigating the green shift with innovative techniques in petrochemical emission control.

This analysis delves into the profound influence of the petrochemical sector on carbon emissions, highlighting the insufficient data that impedes the formulation of effective emission reduction strategies. By concentrating on the unique challenges within this industry, the study employs a sophisticated decision-making model to explore the complex interconnections between carbon emissions, mitigation approaches, and investment choices. The primary objectives include boosting energy efficiency, refining CO2 reduction initiatives, and cutting associated costs. To navigate the intricacies of carbon footprint assessment, the research introduces a novel hybrid framework that merges scientific modeling with a code-based prototype to aid in strategic planning. The efficacy of this approach is validated by experts, demonstrating its versatility and adaptability through CNHS mapping, which enables the customization of emission reduction strategies across different scenarios.

Simulation-Based Tool for Strategic and Technical Planning of Truck Charging Parks at Highway Sites

Simulation-Based Tool for Strategic and Technical Planning of Truck Charging Parks at Highway Sites

Emotions and decision-making in boardrooms—a systematic review from behavioral strategy perspective

This systematic review examines the influence of emotions on strategic decision-making in business context, from the perspective of behavioral strategy. We examined 1,227 articles from two databases (Web of Science and PsycInfo), and after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the final sample resulted in 43 articles. Our systematic review focuses on the role of emotions in strategic decision-making as well as the decision-making process itself. This systematic review explores research using a variety of approaches and a combination of theoretical and empirical perspectives brought by the literature. It aims to address three main questions: how board members’ emotions influence their decision-making; what insights behavioral strategy provides on the emotional aspect of strategic decision-making; and what are the main theories linking emotions to strategic decision-making in the business context. The results demonstrate how emotions can affect the quality of decisions and imply that conflict resolution and emotional intelligence are relevant skills for making strategic decisions. This analysis supports the need for incorporating emotional insights into strategic planning methods by considering agreeable and divergent points of view.

Management and Planning Strategy in Public Universities of Rivers States, Nigeria: Self-leadership for Performance

This study examined the role of self-leadership as a strategic tool for enhancing management and planning in public universities, focusing on institutions in Rivers State, Nigeria. The research is driven by the need to address persistent challenges in university management, such as inadequate strategic planning, inefficient resource allocation, and leadership deficiencies. The study employed a descriptive survey design to investigate self-leadership as a management and planning strategy for enhanced public universities in Rivers State, Nigeria. The study targeted all the leadership personnel and staff across public institutions in Rivers State, Nigeria. The sample consisted of senior leadership personnel like deans, head of departments, directors, and senior supervisors within public universities who are responsible for making decisions, setting policies, and leading teams. Stratified random sampling was used to select a sample size from staff in public universities in Rivers State. Data were collected using the researchers designed questionnaire titled “Self-Leadership as a Management and Planning Strategy Questionnaire (SLMPSQ)”, which comprised 20 items. The instrument's reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s Alpha, which yielded a reliability index of .819. Descriptive statistics (percentages, mean, and standard deviation) were employed to analyze respondents’ answers to the research questions. Hypotheses were tested using One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at a significance level of p < .05. The findings indicated that self-leadership as a management and planning strategy of institutional leaders do not significantly contribute to the effectiveness of public universities in Nigeria. The study concluded that factors that foster self-leadership as a management and planning strategy in Nigerian public universities is crucial for enhanced responsibility, and their overall effectiveness. Among its recommendations is the urgent development and implementation of structured leadership development programs tailored to the needs of Nigeria's public universities, which emphasize principles such as responsibility, self-reflection, building resilience, and positive self-talk leadership.

Assessing Barriers and Difficulties to Healthcare Access Among Syrian Refugees in Jordan: An Observational Study

(1) Background: Worldwide, refugees may have some difficulties in accessing healthcare services. However, little is known about the factors that may predict the level of accessibility to the public healthcare system in the host countries. (2) Aim: To examine the level of accessibility of Syrian refugees to the public healthcare system in Jordan and further to identify the prediction of socioeconomic factors and barriers to healthcare access. (3) Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a convenient sample of 356 Syrian refugees residing outside camps (Irbid, Ajloun, and Jarash). Data were collected using the Access to Healthcare Services Scale instrument (adopted from the Canadian Community Health Survey), which is composed of 2 sections: the general access scale (8 items) and the difficulties scale (20 items). One-way ANOVA test and independent t-test were used to examine epidemiological correlations among variables, whereas a hierarchical linear regression model was used to examine the predictability of socioeconomic factors and barriers to overall access to the public healthcare system by exploring the incremental impact of additional predictors. (4) Results: the mean age of the 356 participants was 35.22 years old, 56.5% were female, 67.4% were married, most of them 46.1% have secondary education, and non-employed 69.9%. Significant associations were observed among participants with different marital status (p < 0.001), educational level (mean 11.85 vs. 19.85, p < 0.001), working status (15.47 vs. 17.93, p < 0.001), family household number (16.42 vs. 17.0, p < 0.001), and health insurance (none: 15.50 vs. governmental 24.50, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that the most important factors that may predict the overall access to healthcare services were: family monthly income (beta −0.19, p < 0.001), household family number (beta 0.17, <0.001), health insurance (beta −0.09, p = 0.047), and barriers (beta −0.43, <0.001), even after adjusting for potential confounding effects: sex, age, educational level, and place of residence. (5) Conclusions: Our findings indicate that socioeconomic factors and barriers may considerably predict overall access to public healthcare in Jordan. It is crucially important, therefore, for the Jordanian government and international organizations to create and develop strategic plans and programs that enhance refugees’ access to health services, positively impacting their health and wellness.

Transmission of Spatial Experience in the Context of Sustainability of Urban Memory

Urban memory involves the re-creation of a city’s physical, historical, social, and cultural elements in the memories of its inhabitants. However, urban transformation and commercial tourism-oriented projects may threaten the continuity of this memory. This study aims to provide an understanding of the relationship between urban memory and spatial experience while exploring how urban memory elements convey meanings to daily users and local inhabitants of a touristic settlement. The research focuses on Misi Village in Bursa, Turkey, a settlement with a 2000-year history known for its traditional architecture and natural beauty. Over the past two decades, local authorities have pursued extensive restoration projects to rebrand Misi Village as an Art and Tourism Village. The research employs the oral history method, focusing on two user groups: tourists and locals. The findings reveal that while tourists appreciate Misi Village for its natural beauty and recreational activities, they lack a deeper understanding of its history and the transformation of its identity. Instead, they mostly focus on commerce-oriented spatial experiences. In contrast, local residents emphasize daily life and traditional practices as they strive to sustain their livelihoods. By highlighting this difference, strategic planning is proposed to preserve Misi Village’s unique urban memory and promote sustainable, culturally centered tourism.

Nurse Managers' Experiences in Organisational Adaptation During Public Health Emergencies: A Qualitative Study.

To elucidate strategies for improving organisational adaptation during public health emergencies from the perspectives of nurse managers. This study utilised a qualitative approach, incorporating complex adaptive system theory within a phenomenological tradition. Semi-structured interviews were conducted from May 2022 to June 2022. Participants included core members of the Shanghai Public Health Emergency Teams-Nursing from 12 tertiary hospitals in Shanghai, all of whom had substantial experience as nurse leaders impacting health systems. Data obtained were coded and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Seventeen frontline nurse managers participated, leading to the emergence of three key themes related to complex organisational adaptation: seeking institutional support for environmental adaptation, building intrateam support for structural adaptation and activating individual support for behavioural adaptation. A conceptual framework of organisational adaptation was proposed, displaying the interconnections among these themes. The study provides valuable insights into managing nursing teams involved in public health emergency preparedness and response as an adaptive system. Identified managerial strategies offer guidance to ensure effective organisational assembly and optimal utilisation of the nursing workforce within the healthcare system. Recognising the crucial role of nurses in managerial positions, who leverage leadership, adaptability and decision-making skills to coordinate frontline teams, is vital for effective public health emergency response. Their involvement in administrative roles underscores the importance of nursing perspectives in strategic planning, organisational adaptation and enhancing health system resilience during crises. The organisational adaptation strategies effectively adopted by nurse managers provide a reference for international scholars seeking to enhance the function and performance of nursing staff in healthcare system during public health emergencies. Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) checklist. No Patient or Public Contributions.

Research on the coupled evolution of LULCC and habitat quality in the Ganqing section of the Yellow River Basin based on multi-scenario simulations

IntroductionThis study focuses on the Ganqing section of the Yellow River Basin, exploring four land use scenarios: natural development, cropland protection, ecological protection, and rapid development. Given the ecological importance of this area, the research aims to evaluate how each scenario impacts habitat quality and land use sustainability by 2030.MethodsThe Future Land Use Simulation (FLUS) model and the Integrated Valuation of Environmental Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model were applied to simulate land use for each scenario. A habitat quality pattern and coupling coordination degree model was used to assess the interactions between land use and land cover change (LULCC) and habitat quality under different scenarios.ResultsFindings show that over 70% of the Ganqing section of the Yellow River Basin is primarily grassland. By 2030, the ecological protection scenario is predicted to have the highest habitat quality, followed by the natural development, rapid development, and cropland protection scenarios. Between 1990 and 2030, the area demonstrates predominantly high or moderate coordination between land use and habitat quality. Spatial analysis reveals lower coordination values in the southeast and higher values in the northwest, with imbalanced recession zones distributed around valley basins.DiscussionThis study highlights the value of strategic scenario planning in enhancing habitat quality and promoting sustainable land management in the Ganqing section of the Yellow River Basin. The ecological protection scenario shows the most promise for balancing development with habitat preservation, underscoring the importance of adopting land use policies that support ecological sustainability in vulnerable areas.

Electric vehicle adoption in Vietnam: usefulness and pro-environmentalism in an emerging market

ABSTRACT Future sustainable mobilities are emerging in public discourses in Vietnam, Southeast Asia’s third most populous country and one of the first three late developing countries to commit to net zero carbon by 2050. In response to the global push towards low-emission transport, Vietnam has flipped from being a significant fossil fuel producer to having a strategic plan for becoming a net zero carbon partner. This policy shift includes a top-down commitment to developing the electric vehicle (EV) market in Vietnam. This article maps academic literature and public discourses in the online news media about EV development and consumer attitudes to EV adoption in Vietnam’s domestic market. We find that, despite policy settings to achieve net carbon zero, economic drivers outweigh environmental concerns in the emerging EV market. Drawing on Baudrillard’s consumer society, we find that the use value of EVs is more important at the current time than the sign value associated with prestige, lifestyle and pro-environmental behaviours. The article concludes with recommendations for future research to unpack social and policy issues in the emerging EV market in Vietnam and Southeast Asia.

Understanding strategic planning: an assessment of the definitions, planning process and competitive advantage

Purpose The study provides an understanding of strategic planning through an assessment of its definitions, the planning process, and spells-out the outcomes as well as the associated competitive advantage from practicing strategic planning. Despite the popularity of strategic planning as a management tool, it is argued that its practice is one that is least understood. Design/methodology/approach A review of strategic planning was conducted. The definitions identified were drawn from definitions derived from the top 10 publications with the highest citations from each of the two decades between 2001 to 2020 following a systematic Scopus search of publications with “strategic planning” in their title, and other publications identified through a Google Scholar search on “strategic planning”. The most unique or differentiated definitions were identified and assessed. The identified publications were also analyzed using content analysis to gain insight from their research findings as it relates to strategic planning in general, the planning process and respective competitive advantage. Findings The review established that there are various definitions of strategic planning, however, they are largely aligned as it relates to the formulation of strategy, the widest difference in the definitions is in the scope of the implementation activities. Originality/value The review contributes to the body of knowledge by providing (i) an understanding of strategic planning; (ii) an assessment of the definitions of strategic planning; (iii) a proposed definition of strategic planning; (iv) provision of a theoretical framework to understand the practice of strategic planning; and (v) the positioning of strategic risk management in enabling strategic planning.

Strategic Planning for the Management of Educational Institutions: Sistematic Review

This study aimed to analyze the trends and approaches of strategic planning in the management of educational institutions based on a systematic review of the literature of the last five years. Through a comprehensive analysis of 10 studies, the main challenges and opportunities in the implementation of strategic planning in the educational field were identified. The results of the review reveal the importance of strategic planning as a tool to improve educational quality, optimize resources and respond to the demands of an increasingly complex educational environment. However, recurring challenges are identified, such as lack of staff training, resistance to change and scarcity of resources. The active participation of the entire educational community, the adaptation of strategic plans to the particularities of each context and continuous evaluation are key elements for the success of strategic planning. Furthermore, the study highlights the need to strengthen transformational leadership and take advantage of the opportunities offered by information and communication technologies. In conclusion, strategic planning emerges as a fundamental tool to improve educational quality, but its effective implementation requires a comprehensive approach that considers the particularities of each context and the active participation of all the actors involved. Future research is recommended that delve into aspects such as evaluation, educational innovation and the impact of digital transformation on strategic planning.