Strategic Planning Techniques Research Articles

Optimizing Learning Environments: Strategic Planning, Organizing, and Storage Techniques Needed for Building Construction Workshops in Technical Colleges

The main purpose of the study was to optimize the learning environments through strategic planning, organizing, and storage techniques needed by teachers for building construction workshops in technical colleges. The study was guided by three specific objectives, three research questions as well as three null hypotheses conducted in Gombe State using descriptive survey research design. The population for the study was 63 individuals, consisting of 21 School Administrators, 28 Building Construction Teachers, and 14 Workshop Staff from all Government Science and Technical Colleges in Gombe State. There was no sampling as the entire population was used because it was manageable. A structured questionnaire tagged titled "Management of Building Construction Workshop for Effective Teaching and Learning Questionnaire (MTBCWETLQ)," divided into four sections (A-D) covering personal data (Section A) and addressing the research questions (Sections B-D). The instrument was validated by three experts from Department of Technology Education, Modibbo Adama University of Technology Yola. A trial test conducted on 10 building construction teachers, 10 workshop staff, and 6 administrators in Adamawa State, outside the study area, yielded a reliability index of 0.90 using the Cronbach alpha method. Data collected for the study was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0. Mean statistics was used to answer the three research questions while ANOVA was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Findings of the study revealed among others that Planning techniques for managing building construction workshops involve identifying machine locations for safety, arranging facilities based on student enrollment projections, setting up layouts with clear student roles, and establishing appropriate workshop durations. Organizing techniques include arranging tools and materials before and after use, ensuring an efficient flow of materials, selecting equipment based on learning activities, and organizing materials according to their uses for enhanced supervision and safety. It is recommended that Staff involved in managing building construction workshops should undergo training or workshops to improve their planning techniques. Staff should be encouraged to adopt more effective organizing techniques in building construction workshops.

Analisis Kritis Anggaran Pertahanan

Defense budget is an essential component in a country's defense strategy. The selection of effective methods in managing and evaluating defense budgets can have a significant impact on national defense capabilities. Therefore, this study aims to critically analyze the methods of managing and evaluating defense budgets through relevant literature studies. The method used in this research is literature review, involving the collection and analysis of journals, books, government reports, and other relevant publications. This research involves an in-depth examination of the methods of managing and evaluating defense budgets that have been implemented by countries across the globe. The analysis results indicate that there is significant variation in the approaches to managing and evaluating defense budgets in different countries. Commonly used methods include top-down and bottom-up approaches, cost-benefit analysis, risk analysis, and strategic planning techniques. Furthermore, this research also identifies the challenges faced by countries in managing and evaluating defense budgets, such as political complexity, strategic uncertainty, and resource limitations. This study provides valuable insights into the methods that can be applied in managing and evaluating defense budgets. In the context of national defense planning, a profound understanding of these various methods can assist countries in optimizing their resource allocation, enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of defense budget management, and strengthening national defense capabilities.
 Keywords: Defense Budget, Budget Management, Budget Evaluation, Defense Strategy, National Defense Planning.

Overcoming strategic persistence: Effects of multiple scenario analysis on strategic reorientation

AbstractResearch SummaryTo thrive in an unpredictable world, managers must adapt their decision‐making to changing events. However, a major impediment to adaptation is strategic persistence, that is, the tendency to stick with previously successful strategies. We examined whether multiple scenario analysis can help to overcome the dysfunctional effects of strategic persistence. In a laboratory study using a multi‐round strategy simulation that required players to change strategies to succeed, we found that multiple scenario analysis alleviated the effects of strategic persistence by stimulating strategic reorientation, that is, adaptive shifts in patterns of strategic choice. Multiple scenario analysis influenced strategic reorientation indirectly, by fostering belief in a new strategy, and its effectiveness depended on prior performance. We discuss implications for research on the cognitive microfoundations of strategic adaptation.Managerial SummaryWhat can managers do when their previously successful strategy stops working? We found that using multiple scenario analysis, a common strategic planning technique can help decision makers switch to a new strategy. In our study, using a business simulation game that required players to change strategies to succeed, we found that those players who imagined different industry futures as part of a multiple scenario analysis exercise were more likely to believe in new strategies and as a result more likely to switch to the winning strategy. However, this intervention was less effective for players who had high levels of success with the old strategy. We discuss how scenario‐based intervention techniques can be used to assist managers with reorientating to a new strategy.

Analisis Kritis Anggaran Pertahanan: Studi Literatur Tentang Metode Pengelolaan dan Evaluasi

Defense budget is an essential component in a country's defense strategy. The selection of effective methods in managing and evaluating defense budgets can have a significant impact on national defense capabilities. Therefore, this study aims to critically analyze the methods of managing and evaluating defense budgets through relevant literature studies. The method used in this research is literature review, involving the collection and analysis of journals, books, government reports, and other relevant publications. This research involves an in-depth examination of the methods of managing and evaluating defense budgets that have been implemented by countries across the globe. The analysis results indicate that there is significant variation in the approaches to managing and evaluating defense budgets in different countries. Commonly used methods include top-down and bottom-up approaches, cost-benefit analysis, risk analysis, and strategic planning techniques. Furthermore, this research also identifies the challenges faced by countries in managing and evaluating defense budgets, such as political complexity, strategic uncertainty, and resource limitations. This study provides valuable insights into the methods that can be applied in managing and evaluating defense budgets. In the context of national defense planning, a profound understanding of these various methods can assist countries in optimizing their resource allocation, enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of defense budget management, and strengthening national defense capabilities.
 Keywords: Defense Budget, Budget Management, Budget Evaluation, Defense Strategy, National Defense Planning.

AI-Enabled Medical Education: Threads of Change, Promising Futures, and Risky Realities Across Four Potential Future Worlds.

The rapid trajectory of artificial intelligence (AI) development and advancement is quickly outpacing society's ability to determine its future role. As AI continues to transform various aspects of our lives, one critical question arises for medical education: what will be the nature of education, teaching, and learning in a future world where the acquisition, retention, and application of knowledge in the traditional sense are fundamentally altered by AI? The purpose of this perspective is to plan for the intersection of health care and medical education in the future. We used GPT-4 and scenario-based strategic planning techniques to craft 4 hypothetical future worlds influenced by AI's integration into health care and medical education. This method, used by organizations such as Shell and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, assesses readiness for alternative futures and effectively manages uncertainty, risk, and opportunity. The detailed scenarios provide insights into potential environments the medical profession may face and lay the foundation for hypothesis generation and idea-building regarding responsible AI implementation. The following 4 worlds were created using OpenAI's GPT model: AI Harmony, AI conflict, The world of Ecological Balance, and Existential Risk. Risks include disinformation and misinformation, loss of privacy, widening inequity, erosion of human autonomy, and ethical dilemmas. Benefits involve improved efficiency, personalized interventions, enhanced collaboration, early detection, and accelerated research. To ensure responsible AI use, the authors suggest focusing on 3 key areas: developing a robust ethical framework, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, and investing in education and training. A strong ethical framework emphasizes patient safety, privacy, and autonomy while promoting equity and inclusivity. Interdisciplinary collaboration encourages cooperation among various experts in developing and implementing AI technologies, ensuring that they address the complex needs and challenges in health care and medical education. Investing in education and training prepares professionals and trainees with necessary skills and knowledge to effectively use and critically evaluate AI technologies. The integration of AI in health care and medical education presents a critical juncture between transformative advancements and significant risks. By working together to address both immediate and long-term risks and consequences, we can ensure that AI integration leads to a more equitable, sustainable, and prosperous future for both health care and medical education. As we engage with AI technologies, our collective actions will ultimately determine the state of the future of health care and medical education to harness AI's power while ensuring the safety and well-being of humanity.

An elaboration of obstacles and perspectives of medical tourism development taking the approach of integrated service provision (Case study: Isfahan Province, Iran)

Aim. The intention of the present research has been to examine and evaluate the barriers and limitations to the development of medical tourism in Isfahan as one of Iran’s tourism destinations by taking the approach of service integration.Materials and Methods. This exploratory research was conducted using mixed qualitative and quantitative methodology. Data analysis by the qualitative method was done using MAXQDA-18 software, while by the quantitative method a combination of SWOT strategic planning technique and multi-criteria decision making was usedResults. Multiple weaknesses and challenges were classified by using a framework of indexes developed on different dimensions including: quality of medical services and facilities; access to medical and tourism information; infrastructures and regulations; communications and marketing; environmental factors; treatment procedures and passive defense and international barriers. Meanwhile, the role of each of these dimensions and sub-indexes in impeding medical tourism development in the region was evaluated by examining the association between the various dimensions contributing to medical tourism development in Isfahan.Conclusions. To remove the barriers identified, several strategies are proposed. including the provision of health-based integrated services (medical, treatment and wellness), development of shared products by the sectors involved in this domain, compilation of a comprehensive plan for health tourism development, preparation of a coherent and well-organized scientific plan given the policies of resilient economy, realistic and practical attention to the branding issues, the usage of up-to-date methods of modern marketing plan for the health companies and facilitators, removal of the legal barriers to the medical tourism development and compilation of new supportive, supervisory and advertising policies.

Strategy to Increase Employee Loyalty of Mikro Regular Ulamm Account Officers PT. Permodalan Nasional Madani in the Tegal Branch Working Area

This research is a descriptive qualitative research, in which the author must conduct observations and interviews as well as documentation about the performance of Account Officers at PT PNM Tegal Branch. Loyalty and low Account Officer performance can result in decreased bank profits so that a strategy is needed to increase the loyalty of PT Permodalan Nasional Madani (PT.PNM) Account Officers. The strategies used include SWOT analysis, an analysis that has strategic planning techniques and methods to determine and evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of a company. The purpose of this SWOT analysis is to increase the loyalty of ULaMM Account Officer performance

The Successfully Reposition of a Beer Brand Applying Strategic Planning and Transmedia Communication: The Case of Estrella Damm

In the last decade, the Spanish beer market has undergone significant changes. Within this market, the traditional brand Estrella Damm had to simultaneously combat adverse commercial and social trends. Following an in-depth marketing and strategy reflection, the brand achieved a new and improved positioning. Simultaneously, it made the leap to social network communication, generating a considerable volume of downloads and conversations while drastically reducing its investment in conventional media. It also made product consumption highly seasonal linking it to the summer period and launched highly visible and creative communication actions aimed at young audiences. Estrella Damm is an outstanding example of strategic planning and social networks communication techniques. For the purpose of this study, this research applies case study techniques, content analysis of selected representative pieces, and online actions monitoring. It also analyses the market, the brand evolution, and the economic situation of the company through the use of existing scientific and professional literature.

SWOT Analysis on Implementing Project Management Tool for Digitalization Media of Education Management

School administration assignments is an important part of an education management system in school and a common complicated work in every start of education year especially for boarding-type schools. A School committee have to prepare many things related to students and teachers necessity, teachings materials, dormitories equipment and others in limitation of time. The lack of preparation time make some assignment can not fulfilled or delivered on determination time. In this research, not only many cases will be identified from teachers and schools committee related to effectiveness in maximizing their time to finish their assignments, but also SWOT analysis as a strategic planning and management technique usually used to help a person or organization identify Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats will be conducted in this area. SWOT analysis will be combine with project management tool to organize the teachers and school committee assignments. This paper supposed to explore many advantages from project management tool that can generate new perspective in managing complicated administration works. The exploration is carried out using the SWOT analysis method to school administrative management. And finally, this papers can proposed a new assignment model and framework in boarding school type to increase their work effectiveness and reduce wasted time.

The Use of a SWOT Analysis to Evaluate a COVID-19 Mitigation Project in the Paso del Norte Region.

A SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis is a strategic planning and management technique used for project planning. It is sometimes called situational assessment or situational analysis. We applied this tool (with some adaptations) effectively in a health promotion/public health education intervention project in the Paso del Norte region. This region is composed of a predominantly Hispanic population and is marked by a dynamic flow of residents across the border. In this milieu, COVID-19 has disproportionately impacted communities of color and individuals who are economically and socially marginalized. The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP) has partnered with the National COVID-19 Resilience Network (NCRN) to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 among farm and food production workers (i.e., farmworkers, dairy, and meat packing workers) in El Paso, Doña Ana, and Moore counties. Intervention strategies include: (1) providing culturally and linguistically appropriate COVID-19 information, (2) disseminating protective equipment, and (3) ensuring access to COVID-19 vaccines. After completing year 1 of the project, we conducted a multiple-level SWOT analysis to evaluate, gather insights, and develop actionable strategies that would allow better service delivery to our priority population. We provide this case study to illustrate how a SWOT analysis can be a useful tool for practitioners engaged in the practice of evaluating health promotion and disease prevention programs. Even when attention and energy is absorbed in the immediate course of action, a SWOT analysis can help to achieve positive and effective collaborations resulting in strong service levels.

Strategic Analysis of Household Waste Separation at Source Using Swot Matrix, a Case Study: Ahvaz, Iran

Separation of household waste at the source plays an important role in the sustainable management of MSW. In the present study, SWOT analysis, which is one of the strongest strategic planning techniques, was used to determine the effective factors and the most appropriate strategies for household waste separation in Ahvaz, Iran. Data were collected from 20 experts and 523 households using questionnaires. The overall priority scores of the internal and external factor evaluation matrices were 1.579 and 2.736, respectively, which indicates the unfavorable conditions of internal factors and relatively favorable conditions of external factors in the separation of household waste at the source. SWOT analysis showed that the competitive strategy is the most appropriate strategy for household waste separation at the source in Ahvaz, which is based on the maximum exploitation of opportunities with simultaneous reduction of weaknesses. The potential of energy saving as a result of recycling materials and electricity generation from municipal solid waste by anaerobic digestion process in Ahvaz was obtained at about 176 and 53 GWh/year, respectively. The results showed that SWOT analysis can be a promising method to determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of separation of household waste at the source and provide the most appropriate strategy for their segregation.

Investigating small, medium and micro-scale enterprises strategic planning techniques in Johannesburg central business district post-COVID-19 lockdown

Background: Strategic planning assists organisations to capitalise on opportunities that arise and to minimise the threats posed by unstable market environments. Apart from the track record of poor performance amongst some small, medium and micro-scale enterprises (SMMEs) in South Africa, COVID-19 pandemic severely affected more than 55 000 South African SMMEs in March 2020 after the lockdown imposed by the government.Aim: This research study sought to investigate strategic planning techniques or tools implemented by SMMEs post-COVID-19 lockdown in Johannesburg Central Business District (CBD).Setting: The study was conducted at small, medium and micro-enterprises in Johannesburg Central Business District.Methods: A quantitative study was conducted by using an online E-Survey Hero which was distributed to the sample of 169 respondents who were SMME owners and managers in Johannesburg CBD.Results: The results revealed that most SMMEs owners had knowledge on the strategic planning techniques such as the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis, the political, economic, social and technological (PEST) analysis, financial analysis of the competitors and financial analysis of their own business.Conclusion: Small, medium and micro-scale enterprises should take advantage of technology and invest in key skills needed for more effective strategic planning.

COVID-19 DAN KONFLIK WARGA ADAT DALAM PEMBANGUNAN PARIWISATA DI DESA ADAT PERASI, KARANGASEM, BALI

According to the WHO (World Health Organization), explained that the Corona virus is a virus that attacks the respiratory system and is more dangerous for people who have congenital diseases. The Corona virus initially appeared in China, more precisely in the city of Wuhan. The virus spread rapidly in various parts of the world and resulted in weakening international economic conditions and the tourism sector. One of the most felt impacts on the tourism sector can be seen from the level of guest visits which has decreased significantly. Therefore, it is necessary to have a SWOT analysis (Strength, Weekness, Opportunity, and Threat) which is carried out to find solutions so that tourist attractions can be developed during the COVID-19 pandemic. According to Utami (2019), SWOT analysis is a strategic planning technique that is useful for evaluating strengths ( strengths) and weaknesses (weaknesses), opportunities (opportunities), and threats (threats) in a project, both ongoing and in new planning. The benefits of SWOT for tourism objects are (1) as a strategy for determining the future in business continuity, (2) being used by stakeholders to determine the condition of internal and external factors of the company, (3) knowing the high level of market competition for your product or business, (Kartika , 2020). Apart from health issues, namely Covid-9. the study that tourism will prosper and improve the standard of human life where tourism is developed does not always materialize. It is evident from the real picture that tourism actually makes the people dispersed in the Perasi Traditional Village in the Pertima Dinas Village, Karangasem District, Karangasem Regency from 2009 to 2013. Klian Adat (customary leaders) because they do not agree with the contract land agreement process which is considered to be detrimental to the community. This small group fights for the land belonging to the traditional village (Laba pura) by fighting back so that the land belonging to the customary village is not confiscated by the bank because it was pledged by investors without a definite explanation. As a result of the attitude taken by the group called the Perasi Indigenous Village Unity Community Forum, they are marginalized in the Traditional Village because they have to accept the sanction of being ostracized (kesepekang).

Architecture in Institutional Management Systems using Odoo Enterprise Resource Planning at UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

Rapidly evolving information systems and technology have compelled organizations, particularly educational institutions, to adapt their institutional evolution. The researcher's goal is to build an Odoo ERP-based institutional management system architecture at UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang in order to gain a competitive advantage in realizing the university's vision, mission, and goals, as well as in the future implementation phase of the recommended application portfolio. Information systems strategic planning is a significant transformation for a company, and it is based on user needs that are aligned with business strategy. The impact and alignment categories are used to categorize the information systems strategic planning technique. The impact category methodology is useful for creating and justifying the use of new information technologies. While the alignment methodology (alignment) serves to align the objectives of the information system with the goals of the organization. The Star UML was used to design the system architecture.

Organizational Strategic Management Responses and Consequences During Covid-19 Era

One consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic is that companies based on conventional (linear) value creation logic and traditional management solutions, even agricultural enterprises, are forced to make such strategic decisions and apply such strategic planning techniques which have not characterised them so far. My basic assumption is that the circumstances have been triggered and accelerated the linear–nonlinear transformation at companies. In this sense, during the value creation of linear organisations, special sets of functions emerge that are nonlinear in their nature. These include the development of adaptation skills, activities focusing on innovation, creativity management, rethinking of HRM, coordinating digital transformation, and all the skills which are needed to successfully respond to an increasingly unpredictable (complex) operating environment. The aim of the paper is to take a snapshot of the current literature dealing with strategic management responses on the consequences of pandemic and – in the same time – categorize the main suggestions, conclusions of the selected papers and documents in line with the steps of the strategic management process. In addition, I want to point out the core essence of the nonlinear management approach reflecting on the content of the literature. Finally, I analyzed the managerial responses of the Hungarian Blue Chip companies in line with the pandemic. The literature suggests a really wide range of solutions to handle the current situation affecting almost all of the most relevant strategy-making areas. The results show that the linear–nonlinear transformation has started in Hungary as well, but in many cases it is still in its infancy.

"SWOT Analysis (or SWOT Matrix) Tool as a Strategic Planning and Management Technique in the Health Care Industry and Its Advantages"

"SWOT Analysis (or SWOT Matrix) Tool as a Strategic Planning and Management Technique in the Health Care Industry and Its Advantages"

Business predictive analysis from business insurance data using business strategic planning techniques

ABSTRACT Business analytics is an effective means of examining business performance, employee skills, and working conditions as part of business growth strategy. This study uses statistical analysis to derive the necessary information to optimize performance in insurance businesses. The collected customer-related information, services, identities, and other valuable data are stored in the blockchain and processed using the probit linear regression approach (PLR). The data is further examined using dynamic Monte Carlo statistical analysis, which introduces techniques that aid product-based predictive analysis as firms seek to increase market share in a given environment in the minimum time. Finally, system performance is evaluated using experimental analysis on the Kaggle Sample Insurance Claim Prediction Dataset. The MATLAB-based developed system efficiency is quantified in terms of prediction rate, accuracy, error rate, and correlation metrics.

Covid-19 Effect on Business Performance SMMES Perspectives in a South African Context

Purpose: There is lack of enough empirical and conceptual studies of business performance among Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs), not only in South Africa, but the African continent.
 Design/methodology/approach: A quantitative study was conducted with the use of an online survey distributed to the sample of 169 participants who were SMME owners and management in Johannesburg CBD.
 Findings: The results showed that most SMMEs owners used strategic planning techniques which helped improve their performance. Formalizing SMMEs strategic planning process and taking advantage of technology is imperative for business performance. However, these results were based on a single point in time; therefore,
 longitudinal research will be able to provide new insight on how strategic planning can influence the performance of SMMEs.
 Research limitations/implications: This research study sought to investigate the Small Micro Medium Enterprises (SMMEs)’ perspective on business performance during Covid-19 in Johannesburg Central District Municipality (CBD).
 Practical implications: The research focused mainly on SMMEs operating in Johannesburg CBD
 Paper type: Research Paper

An Integrated Multicriteria Decision-Making Approach to Evaluate Traveler Modes’ Priority: An Application to Peshawar, Pakistan

The transport planning is essential to meeting passengers’ needs for fast, safe, and reliable transport. The research goals of this study are to determine the most suitable mode of transport between predetermined alternatives according the criteria related to the transport planning. The research method combines GIS analysis, SWOT analysis, BEM method, and PROMETHEE II method in an integrated approach for decision-making. The methodology is applied to the city of Peshawar city. It includes six steps. First, a passenger questionnaire is used to establish passenger preferences when making a trip in the city. Secondly, alternative modes of urban transportation are defined. In the case of Peshawar, the following alternatives are considered: a new BRT service, BRT with five additional stops, old bus service, wagon, carpooling, and Careem/Uber. Thirdly, there is GIS analysis to investigate the stops of the BRT alternative transportation. GIS and satellite analysis have been completed for each stop. Fourthly, criteria for the assessment of urban transport modes are determined based on SWOT analysis. A total of twenty four subcriteria are proposed. Fifthly, the best-worst method (BWM) which is based on linear programming method is applied to determine the weightings that should be given to the main criteria and subcriteria. Sixthly, alternative modes of transportation are ranked by applying preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluations’ (PROMETHEE II) method. The results show that the main important criteria greater than 5% are small movement interval: S4 (6%), security: S7 (13%), reliability: S8 (8%), accessibility:O1 (15%), possibility of special services: O2 (5%), possibility of including insurance in the travel tariff: O3 (8%), possibility of the modernization of the infrastructure: O4 (7%), and environmental pollution: T3 (5%). The implications of this study propose a BRT service with five additional stops is the best urban transport plan for Peshawar. The originality of this research consists in integration of a strategic planning technique SWOT analysis, GIS analysis, and multicriteria analysis in complete methodology to evaluate traveler’s modes priority. The methodology used in this research can be applied to evaluate different transport alternatives for transport networks worldwide.

Occupational noise exposure and the effects on blood pressure of grass-cutting workers

This study aims to identify the determinants of key forces in the external and internal environment of event management to propose a sustainable environment analysis framework that will help organizers to improve the sustainability of the strategy formulation. The proposed framework incorporates sustainability practices, previous research on sustainable event management, existing strategies of sustainable strategic management, and the results from this study. This framework has adopted PEST Analysis (a framework used to analyse and monitor macro-environmental factors that may have a profound impact on an organization’s performance) in external environment analysis and Mckinsey 7s Framework in internal environment analysis to identify sustainable-related determinants of key forces to propose common sustainable practices to get common acceptance for sustainability. The identified determinants were applied in the proposed framework to guide event organizer when identifying key forces of external and internal environment which can influence to achieve sustainability in the event. On top of this, SWOT Analysis (a strategic planning technique used to help an organization to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threat related to business competition) was adopted to help event organizers to identify the opportunities and threats in the external environment and understand the strengths and weakness of the organization to formulate effective sustainable strategies and move their events toward sustainability.