Straight Punch Research Articles

Exploratory analysis of fight-ending punches in the ultimate fighting championship™ mixed martial arts promotion

Punching is a crucial element of mixed martial arts (MMA), often leading to knockouts (KO) or technical knockouts (TKOs). This study explored the relative foot positions of athletes, their stances, punch type executed, and the reliability of these variables to provide insights into effective punch application in MMA. We retrospectively examined MMA contests from the Ultimate Fighting Championship that ended via KO/TKO (2020 to 2022). Data were sourced from publicly available videos on the internet. Three analysts, each with at least three years of experience in striking combat sports and competitive MMA, conducted observations independently. Only critical strikes where all analysts agreed on the time and type of punch were included. Inter-rater reliability was assessed using the Cohen's kappa coefficient statistic (K). The k-means cluster analyses were used to identify the most frequently occurring front foot positions (FFP) and punch types (PT). All variables, except for the back foot position, demonstrated substantial or greater reliability (K = 0.64–0.92). Out of 271 contests, the most common fight-ending punches were the rear straight (n = 77, 29.2%), front hook (n = 71, 26.9%), and rear hook (n = 63, 23.9%). According to the cluster analysis, overall, the most common PT for athletes of the same stance was an outside FFP with a rear straight punch (n = 35, 14.4%). For competitors in opposite stances, the most common FFP was outside, with a rear hook punch (n = 16, 22.8%). Identifying common PTs, FFPs, and stances offers valuable insights for technical coaching and talent identification, aiding in refining training methods and improving MMA performance.

Engineering ergonomic risk assessment of karate choku zuki straight punch

This study utilizes the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) technique to evaluate suggested improvements aimed at enhancing the safety and efficacy of the Choku Zuki (Straight Punch), a high-risk karate exercise. The primary objective is to identify and address potential musculoskeletal issues associated with this technique. Given the prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries in sports, particularly in activities with high intensity like karate, the need for reliable ergonomic risk assessment tools such as RULA is paramount. By applying RULA to analyze the ergonomic aspects of the Choku Zuki punch, this study provides crucial insights into potential areas of concern. It identifies specific postures and movements that may predispose practitioners to injury, allowing for the development of targeted interventions to mitigate risks and enhance safety. Furthermore, this research underscores the importance of integrating ergonomic considerations into sports training regimens to optimize performance and minimize injury risks. Beyond its implications for karate training, the study emphasizes the broader significance of ergonomic assessments in sports science and engineering. It showcases how engineering methodologies can be leveraged to improve the safety, efficiency, and overall performance of sporting activities, fostering collaboration between sports scientists, engineers, athletes, coaches, and healthcare professionals to advance sports performance and safety standards.lities.

Engineering Ergonomic Risk Assessment of Karate Choku Zuki Straight Punch

This study utilizes the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) technique to evaluate suggested improvements aimed at enhancing the safety and efficacy of the Choku Zuki (Straight Punch), a high-risk karate exercise. The primary objective is to identify and address potential musculoskeletal issues associated with this technique. Given the prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries in sports, particularly in activities with high intensity like karate, the need for reliable ergonomic risk assessment tools such as RULA is paramount. By applying RULA to analyze the ergonomic aspects of the Choku Zuki punch, this study provides crucial insights into potential areas of concern. It identifies specific postures and movements that may predispose practitioners to injury, allowing for the development of targeted interventions to mitigate risks and enhance safety. Furthermore, this research underscores the importance of integrating ergonomic considerations into sports training regimens to optimize performance and minimize injury risks. Beyond its implications for karate training, the study emphasizes the broader significance of ergonomic assessments in sports science and engineering. It showcases how engineering methodologies can be leveraged to improve the safety, efficiency, and overall performance of sporting activities, fostering collaboration between sports scientists, engineers, athletes, coaches, and healthcare professionals to advance sports performance and safety standards.lities.

Impact of Leg Strength on the Force Produced During a Cross-Punch in Highly Trained Amateur Boxers.

Satkunskiene, D, Bruzas, V, Mantas, M, Snieckus, A, and Kamandulis, S. Impact of leg strength on the force produced during a cross-punch in highly trained amateur boxers leg strength impact on cross-punch force. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of leg strength on force generation during the execution of a cross-punch by highly trained amateur boxers. This study involved 12 male, amateur boxers with a body mass range of 64.5-112.2 kg and a mean of 89.2 ± 17.0 kg. This study used an isokinetic dynamometer to measure the peak torque of the knee extensor and flexor muscles at 60°/s. The force plate was used to collect three-dimensional ground reaction forces (GRF), moments (GRM), and the center of pressure (COP) during a maximal cross-punch. The Kiktest-100 system was used to determine the force of the punch, while the Hykso punch tracker accelerometer measured the maximum fist velocity. This study revealed a positive correlation between knee extensor strength and GRFz, GRFy, and COPy during punch performance. In addition, the GRMz gradient and GRMz impulse during the execution phase have a significant positive effect on cross-punch force. In conclusion, the force of a straight punch in highly trained, amateur boxers is related to a greater angular velocity about the vertical axis during body rotation.

The effect of ballistic exercises on some kinematic variables and the development of special physical characteristics for the front straight punch skill for karate juniors

The effect of ballistic exercises on some kinematic variables and the development of special physical characteristics for the front straight punch skill for karate juniors

Higher Values of Force and Acceleration in Rear Cross Than Lead Jab: Differences in Technique Execution by Boxers

Background: Boxing, a globally popular combat sport, demands technical precision and powerful strikes at the same time. The kinetic assessment of straight punches, specifically the rear cross and lead jab, is crucial for understanding the biomechanical factors influencing punch effectiveness. This study aims to explore the kinetic properties of these punches in trained boxers, focusing on punch force, acceleration, and the concept of a proximal-to-distal pattern. Methods: Thirteen advanced-level male boxers (body weight 90.6 ± 19.2 kg, height 184.0 ± 7.4 cm, experience 9.5 ± 6.5 y) from local clubs participated in this study. Using a force plate and wireless IMU sensors, we recorded punch force and limb acceleration during the execution of rear-cross and lead-jab punches. Data analysis involved statistical tests to compare the kinetic differences (Mann–Whitney U-test) between the two punch types and assessment of the influence of body mass and training tenure on punch effectiveness (multiple regression analysis). Significant differences were observed between the rear cross and lead jab in terms of total ground reaction force (x¯ = 1709.28 N vs. x¯ = 1176.55 N), acceleration of the fist (x¯ = 94.33 m/s2 vs. x¯ = 66.07 m/s2), forearm (x¯ = 67.11 m/s2 vs. x¯ = 41.62 m/s2) and arm (x¯ = 88.40 m/s2 vs. x¯ = 81.36 m/s2), and target contact time (x¯ = 0.03 s vs. 0.02 s). The rear-cross punch exhibited higher kinetic values, indicating greater effectiveness. Additionally, body mass and training tenure were identified as significant factors influencing punch force (R2 score = 0.640). Conclusions: This study confirmed the biomechanical superiority of the rear cross over the lead jab in terms of generated force among trained boxers. The findings highlight the importance of coordination between each segment’s acceleration to generate a powerful strike. These insights are valuable for coaches and athletes in optimizing training strategies for boxing.

The kinematic analysis of the straight punch in two ways for amateur boxing players in Jordan

This study aimed to identify some kinematic variables (distance between the feet, arm movement, punch speed, punch time, punch distance, ankle angle, knee angle, elbow angle, shoulder angle, pelvis angle) for the straight punch between two methods. The first method: performing a straight punch with the right hand towards the target without changing the distance between the feet and being on a straight line. The second method: performing a straight punch with the right hand towards the target without changing the distance between the feet, and the left foot is ahead of the right foot. A total of 8 amateur boxers in Jordan who were photographed using an iPhone camera at a frequency of 60 frames per second, participated in this study. The researchers downloaded videos on a computer (LAPTOP), which contains the Kinovea software (Kinovea. Setup.0.8.15.), and determined the best attempts for each player by watching the videos. Then, the researchers analyzed the attempts through the kinetic analysis program (Kinovea. Setup.0.8.15.) and extracted the study variables. The shorter the muscle contraction time of the straight punch, the greater the kinetic momentum and speed of the punch in both styles, and the greater the knee angle, the greater the punch and speed of the punch in both styles. Also, momentum and punch speed were better in the second method. We recommend a climatic and other clinical study of the straight stroke. We also recommend to use the second method in the straight punch.

The impact of a training approach to develop the speed and level of technical performance of a straight punch according to the different punching distances of young boxers

The goal of the research to prepare a training approach to develop the speed and level of technical performance of the straight punch according to the different punching distances according to the different punching distances for young boxers, as well as to identify the impact of the training method in the development of the speed and level of technical performance of straight punches according to the different punching distances of young boxers, and is considered to be the payment of various punches and influential from different punching distances on the competitor and under the changing and rapid punching conditions of the most important factors of the success of the implementation of offensive and defensive duties during the game, where the researcher used the experimental method to solve the problem of research, and was chosen the researcher used the experimental method to solve the problem of research, and was chosen the choice of the researcher The design of the two equal groups with pre and post-tests randomly selected, as the research sample consisted of young boxing players in sports clubs in Diyala province, namely (Baquba, Zuhairat) ages (17-18) years for the category : The training curriculum prepared by the researcher helped greatly in developing the speed and level of technical performance of the straight punch according to the different punching distances of the research sample members . The research sample enjoyed a high level in the execution of the straight punch according to the different punching distances, as the average punching distance was characterized by preference followed by the long punching distance and then the short distance . The experimental group enjoyed an advantage compared to the control group in developing the speed and level of technical performance of the straight punch according to the different punching distances of the research sample members. The researcher reached several recommendations Using the training method prepared by the researcher in training boxing teams for young people to achieve a high technical level and better athletic achievements . Increase the concentration and attention of the trainers in the training of punches according to different punching distances in parallel. Conduct similar research on different samples and other functional variables.

Validity of Commercially Available Punch Trackers.

Omcirk, D, Vetrovsky, T, Padecky, J, Malecek, J, and Tufano, JJ. Validity of commercially available punch trackers. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2023-This study determined how well data from commercially available punch trackers (Corner, Hykso, and StrikeTec) related to gold-standard velocity and force measures during full-contact punches. In a quasi-randomized order, 20 male subjects performed 6 individual rear straight punches, rear hooks, and rear uppercuts against a wall-mounted force plate. Punch tracker variables were compared with the peak force of the force plate and to the peak (QPV) and mean velocity (QMV) assessed through Qualisys 3-dimensional tracking. For each punch tracker variable, Pearson's correlation coefficient, mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and mean percentage error (MPE) were calculated. There were no strong correlations between punch tracker data and gold-standard force and velocity data. However, Hykso "velocity" was moderately correlated with QMV (r = 0.68, MAPE 0.64, MPE 0.63) and QPV (r = 0.61, MAPE 0.21, MPE -0.06). Corner Power G was moderately correlated with QMV (r = 0.59, MAPE 0.65, MPE 0.58) and QPV (r = 0.58, MAPE 0.27, MPE -0.09), but Corner "velocity" was not. StrikeTec "velocity" was moderately correlated with QMV (r = 0.56, MAPE 1.49, MPE 1.49) and QPV (r = 0.55, MAPE 0.46, MPE 0.43). Therefore, none of the devices fared particularly well for all of their data output, and if not willing to accept any room for error, none of these devices should be used. Nevertheless, these devices and their proprietary algorithms may be updated in the future, which would warrant further investigation.

Changes of Impact Force During Performance of Straight Punch With Two Boxing Techniques – Case Study

PURPOSE: Performance in boxing is a combination of strength, speed, and stability to create maximum impact. One of the types of punches commonly used in boxing is the straight punch. The magnitude of force exerted at the point of impact is influenced by a number of factors. Therefore, some biomechanical parameters can have greater effect than others during punch performance. Likewise, different technique modalities influence punch force. This study aims to determine differences between kinetic and kinematic parameters of punches performed with two different techniques (with and without weight shifting). METHODS: Overall, 20 straight punches were performed (10 for each observed technique) by a top-level female boxer (26.1 years old, height 170.3 cm, weight 63.2 kg). Afterwards, four kinematic variables (shoulder, upper arm, forearm, and hand velocities) were analyzed together with the position of center of mass (Xsens, Awinda). Also, overall foot pressure force of both feet (Novel pressure insoles) was analyzed for each technique, as well as the impact force of each punch (Punchsensor). Differences between the techniques were determined by MANOVA. RESULTS: Significant differences were found in foot pressure force and impact force, with higher values of punch force determined in the straight punch performance that includes weight shifting (p=0.00). Regarding kinematic parameters, there were significant differences in shoulder velocity, forearm velocity, and center of mass position (p=0.00). Upper arm and hand velocity variables did not differ significantly. This result indicates that different punch preparation can exhibit greater force and better performance. CONCLUSION: The understanding of movement pattern in punching could provide insightful instruction to coaches and boxers on how to generate powerful straight punches. The presented data objectively determined differences between two approaches in performing a straight punch which could help in correcting technical performance.

Biomechanics of the lead straight punch and related indexes between sanda fighters and boxers from the perspective of cross-border talent transfer.

Objective: To bridge the technical gaps in reserve athletes in China's national boxing program and to rapidly improve the overall level of boxing, the Wushu Sports Administration Center of the General Administration of Sports of China has sent outstanding Sanda players to boxing events through cross-border talent transfer. This was done to widely improve the strengths and resources in various fields to prepare for the Tokyo Olympic Games. In view of this, we analyzed and compared differences in biomechanical parameters of the lead straight punch and index of force developments of the lower extremities between Sanda and boxing. The results provide information and insights to bridge the technical gaps in cross-border talent transfer from Sanda to boxing. Methods: We employed a Vicon infrared 3D motion capture system, two Kistler platforms, a Kistler target, and a synchronous instrument. Eleven boxers and sixteen Sanda athletes were recruited, and their lead straight punch techniques were compared and analyzed. Three indexes of punch velocity, six indexes of strength measurement, and four indexes of lower extremity strength were analyzed. Results: Significant differences in the peak punch velocity and contact velocity were found between the two groups. Furthermore, significant differences were noted in the peak impulse, peak strength, relative strength, and the rate of force development (RFD). Among the kinetics indexes of lower limbs, the front leg strength index was higher in the boxing group than in the Sanda group, namely the RFD index and RFD/body mass. Conclusion: Based on the disparity in the effects of the lead straight punch and biomechanical parameters of both lower extremities, we can conclude that, compared to the boxers, most Sanda athletes lack standard punching technique. Therefore, it is advised that coaches and practitioners carefully consider selecting Sanda athletes with higher technical standards of punching.

Conception of effective mass and effect of force – measurement of taekwon-do master

Background: Engagement of mass during a strike in martial arts and its relation to generated force is one of the factor, deciding on the success of an athlete. The aim of this study was to calculate the quantitative portion of effective mass of a athlete who execute striking techniques, by registering a force of strike and time of its contact with a sensor (target). Material and methods: Black belt taekwon-do (International Taekwon-do Federation) master (age 32 years, body mass of 60 kg, height of 160 cm) performed three types of techniques for three times; roundhouse kick, front kick, side kick and straight punch. His target was a shield mounted on force plate MC 12-2K with amplifier GEN5. Acceleration data was obtained by mounting wireless IMU sensor manufactured by Noraxon attached to a lateral side of a foot. Results: The highest force was registered for side kick (2406.9 ± 299.8 N), and the lowest for front kick (2008.6 ± 284.8 N). The shortest time of contact with a target had roundhouse kick (0.026 ± 0.010 s), while the longest front kick (0.119 ± 0.052 s). The highest effective mass was achieved by front kick (44%). The highest effect of force coefficient was obtained by roundhouse kick. Other techniques with much lower values seems to be push-like movements. Conclusions: During strike, a crucial factor for its effectiveness lies in its destructive power. It does not only depend on generated force and engaged mass, but also on contact duration. Proposed quantitative indicators could be beneficial during preparation of an athlete to sport competition. Correctly calculated effective mass allows to measure force in a training environment.

The effect of dynamic lunge training on some functional indicators and straight punch performance endurance for boxers under 19 years of age

The effect of dynamic lunge training on some functional indicators and straight punch performance endurance for boxers under 19 years of age

Biomechanics of the lead straight punch of different level boxers.

We analyze and compare the differences in the biomechanical parameters between the lead straight punch and the index of force development of the lower extremities of boxers of different levels of ability. This can bridge the technical gap and provide insight and information for training strategies and athlete selection. To this end, a synchronized Vicon infrared 3D motion-capture system, two Kistler force platforms, and Kistler 8 target sensors were used for analysis. Sixteen boxers were recruited and sorted into an elite group (height 181.14 ± 3.01cm, body mass 76.00 ± 10.028kg) and a junior group (179.67 ± 5.84cm, body mass 75.47 ± 12.19kg), and their lead straight punch was then compared and analyzed. Three punch velocity indexes-peak velocity, contact velocity and Punching deceleration rate-six strength indexes-impulse, peak force, relative strength, peak time (frame), rate of force development (RFD), and movement time-and five exertion of both legs indexes- peak force, peak force/body mass, peak time, RFD index, and RFD/body mass index-were selected for analysis. Significant differences in the peak punch velocity and contact velocity were found between the two groups (7.162 ± 0.475m•s-1vs. 6.317 ± 0.415m•s-1, Cohen's d = 1.89, p < 0.01, 5.557 ± 0.606m•s-1 vs. 4.874 ± 0.385m•s-1, Cohen's d = 1.34, p < 0.05). Furthermore, significant differences were noted in the peak force [(1507.99 ± 411) N vs. (1035.45 ± 220) N, Cohen's d = 1.43, p < 0.01], relative strength [(21.04 ± 5.88) N•kg-1 vs. (15.61 ± 2.53) N•kg-1, Cohen's d = 1.19, p < 0.05], impulse [(88.61 ± 25.88) N•ms-1 and (60.53 ± 9.03) N•ms-1, Cohen's d = 1.45, p < 0.05], and RFD [(88.61 ± 25.88) N•ms-1 and (60.53 ± 9.03) N•ms-1, Cohen's d = 1.45, p < 0.05]. Among the four indexes of the lower extremities from two embedded Kistler force platforms, there were significant differences in the lead leg's peak force/body mass [(19.68 ± 4.096) N•kg-1vs. (13.320 ± 2.223) N•kg-1, t = 3.902, Cohen's d = 1.92, p < 0.01], RFD index [(16.90 ± 3.269) N•ms-1vs. (10.28 ± 4.313) N•ms-1, Cohen's d = 1.72, p < 0.01], and RFD/body mass index [(23.47 ± 4.09%) N•ms-1Kg-1 vs. (15.38 ± 5.65%) N•ms-1Kg-1, Cohen's d = 1.64, p < 0.01]. There were no significant differences in the four indexes on the rear leg between the two groups (p > 0.05). Based on the disparity in the effect of the lead straight punch and the biomechanical parameters of both lower extremities, the boxers must attach importance to sequential acceleration-braking training to improve the terminal velocity of the hand, and thus improve the contact velocity. Furthermore, it is advised that coaches and practitioners carefully consider increasing start-up strength training of the lead leg and attempt to improve the peak velocity of the lead straight punch. In addition, these biomechanical parameters can be used as criteria for the selection of boxers.

The influence of substrate stiffness on interfacial stresses for adhesive microfibrils

Bioinspired microfibrillar surfaces adhere by exploiting the presence of intermolecular forces at the contact interface. Experimental work has shown that compliant mushroom shaped fibrils can facilitate optimal adhesion across a range of substrates. This work evaluates numerically how fibril contact tip shape and the degree of elastic mismatch at the fibril-substrate interface influence adhesion. In a finite element simulation of fibrils subject to a remote stress, the interfacial stress distributions that define the detachment behaviour are computed for a range of fibril cap diameters, thicknesses, and substrate stiffnesses. Depending on the substrate stiffness, there is a singular stress field present at the edge of contact for smaller mushroom cap and straight punch fibrils while the stress at the corner for larger mushroom fibrils tends to zero. This variation in fibril-substrate interfacial stress has implications for the most probable defect type to initiate detachment and the stability of this crack growth. For fibrils within this corner singularity regime, the adhesion strength of a patch of fibrils is determined using interfacial fracture mechanics. The simulations are compared with experimental data of pull-off strengths and the biomedical applications of adhesive microfibrillar patches are considered.

Rancang Bangun Sistem Penilaian Otomatis Olahraga Taekwondo Berbasis Arduino

Taekwondo is an unarmed martial art that emphasizes kicks, straight punches, and dynamic leg movements. Currently, taekwondo matches, especially in the kyorugi type, apply an automatic judging system through the Protector and Scoring System (PSS). PSS was first used for international sporting events in 2012 at the London Olympics to avoid misjudgments due to human vision limitations. However, these devices are still costly, so alternative options are needed. Using an Arduino and a pressure sensor could be a more affordable alternative. Arduino and smartphones can be integrated as monitoring systems to make these devices a better choice for automated assessments. The test results show that this system can provide accurate assessment results. The points the athlete earns depend on the type of attack performed. A straight kick on the body armor earns two points, while a punch earns one point. The spinning kick earns four points with the provision of two points from automatic scoring and the addition of two point manually via smartphone. Taekwondo protective devices and smartphones can communicate up to a distance of 10 meters without any barriers between the devices.

HUBUNGAN DAYA TAHAN OTOT LENGAN DENGAN KEMAMPUAN PUKULAN LURUS PADA OLAHRAGA BELA DIRI PENCAK SILAT SISWA SMA NEGRI 1 KABAWO

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between arm muscle endurance and the ability to punch straight in pencak silat SMA Negri 1 Kabawo students.the population in this study were all male students who took part in the extracurricular activities of SMA Negri 1 Kabawo students, totaling 35 people. The sampling technique was carried out with a total sampling technique of 35 people and was used as the sample of this study. The research instrument used to measure arm muscle endurance is to use a push-up test until the teste can no longer do up and down push-up movements and a straight punch ability test for 30 seconds.&#x0D; The data of this study were analyzed by statistical technique of product moment correlation with a significant level of 0.05 or 5%. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant relationship between arm muscle endurance and straight punch ability in pencak silat martial arts. Where (rxy) = 0.596 &gt;r table (0.05:35) = 0.334 with a coefficient of determination =0.36 or 36%. Thus, arm muscle endurance contributes to the straight stroke ability of pencak silat martial arts in SMA Negri 1 Kabawo students.&#x0D; Based on this analysis, it can be concluded that the better the arm muscle endurance of SMA Negri 1 Kabawo students, the better the straight hitting ability

Acute effects of ballistic versus heavy-resistance exercises on countermovement jump and rear-hand straight punch performance in amateur boxers

BackgroundBallistic and heavy-resistance exercises may potentially enhance lower body power, which is paramount for the punching performance of amateur boxers. This study aimed to determine the acute effects of ballistic exercise (BE) and heavy-resistance exercise (HRE) on countermovement jump (CMJ) and rear-hand straight punch performance in amateur boxers.MethodsTen amateur boxers performed two conditioning exercises in a randomized and counterbalanced order as follows: squat jump with 4 sets × 8 repetitions at 30% one-repetition maximum (1RM) for BE and squat with 3 sets × 5 repetitions at 80% 1RM for HRE. The jump height (JH), relative maximal force (RMF), relative maximal power (RMP) of the CMJ, punch force (PF), and punch speed (PS) of a rear-hand straight punch were measured before and 3, 6, 9, and 12 min after either BE or HRE.ResultsNo significant condition × time interaction was found for JH (p = 0.303), RMF (p = 0.875), RMP (p = 0.480), PF (p = 0.939), and PS (p = 0.939). In addition, no main effect of the condition for JH (p = 0.924), RMF (p = 0.750), RMP (p = 0.631), PF (p = 0.678), and PS (p = 0.712). A significant main effect of time was observed for PF (p = 0.001) and PS (p = 0.001), whereas JH (p = 0.081), RMF (p = 0.141), and RMP (p = 0.430) were not. Pairwise comparison identified that PF (p = 0.031) and PS (p = 0.005) significantly increased at 9 min compared with those at baseline.ConclusionsThe findings of this study demonstrated that BE and HRE protocols can potentiate the rear-hand straight punch performance at 9 min but bring less favorable improvements for JH, RMF, or RMP of CMJ.

Acute effects of ballistic and non-ballistic conditioning activities on the punching impact of amateur boxers

Objectives This study investigated the postactivation performance enhancement (PAPE) effects of medicine ball throwing (MBT) and bench pressing (BP) on punching impact at different recovery times. Methods Fourteen amateur boxers performed three lead-hand (lead-hand) and rear-hand straight punches (rear-hand) at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 min after MBT or BP exercise. Peak force, time to the peak force, and rate of force development (RFD) of each punch was measured by a force plate. Results There was no significant condition × time interaction effect for any variables (lead-hand: F = 0.744–0.913, p = 0.448–0.542; rear-hand: F = 0.240–1.355, p = 0.245–0.944). No significant main effect for condition for any variables (lead-hand: F = 0.103–0.219, p = 0.644–0.751; rear-hand: F = 0.070–0.459, p = 0.504–0.793). The time effect was significant on peak force ( F = 4.411, p = 0.005) and RFD ( F = 5.002, p = 0.002) of lead-hand, time to the peak force ( F = 5.791, p = 0.001) and RFD ( F = 5.514, p = 0.001) of rear-hand. Peak force and RFD of the lead-hand, as well as time to the peak force and RFD of the rear-hand enhanced significantly at 6–15 min ( p = 0.001–0.042), compared to the baseline. Conclusions MBT and BP may equally enhance punching impact for amateur boxers; moreover, there was no difference in recovery time between conditioning activities.

Compatibility, agility, and their relationship to the straight punch for students College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Babylon

The most developed countries. In terms of life sciences, that that provide physical education with a powerful and reliable presence in the educational and training process. It goes beyond that to the students' physical and motor abilities and basic skills based on their abilities. Furthermore, the disparity in intellectual levels between the coach's multiple approaches to training, taking into account the correct classification of the skill and how to develop it according to the scientific methods studied. In order to bring the players to a level of capable and successful performance. The following two questions occurred to the researchers. Firstly, who are boxing instructors at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / University of Babylon? Secondly, is there any link between compatibility, punching, and straightening? The researchers decided to identify and learn about the relationship between compatibility, agility, and straight punch. As a result, students in the second stage can benefit from directing the educational process to serve them and facilitating the process of learning the straight punch. In order to solve the research problem, the researchers used the descriptive approach in the correlative relationships style. The researchers drew the research community from students at the University of Babylon's College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - the second stage, Division B, which had (40) students, while the research sample had (15) students who were chosen at random with a 37.5 percent chance. The researchers concluded that there is a significant relationship between the ability of compatibility and straight punch for students of the second stage / College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / the University of Babylon.