Stormwater Management Practices Research Articles

Spatial allocation of bioretention cells considering interaction with shallow groundwater: A simulation-optimization approach

Green infrastructure (GI), as one type of ecological stormwater management practices, can potentially alleviate water problems and deliver a wide range of environmental benefits in urban areas. GIs are often planned and designed to reduce runoff and mitigate pollution. However, the influence of GI on groundwater hydrology and that of shallow groundwater on GI performance was seldom considered. This study utilized a calibrated surface-subsurface hydrological model, i.e., Storm Water Management Model coupled with USGS's modular hydrologic model (SWMM-MODFLOW) to consider the interaction between GI and groundwater into the process of GI planning. The optimal implementation ratio, aggregation level and upstream-downstream location of bioretention cells (BC, one type of GI) under different planning objectives and hydrogeologic conditions was explored. The consideration of groundwater management exerted a significant impact on the optimal spatial allocation of BCs. The results showed that when groundwater management was more concerned than runoff control, BCs were recommended to be allocated more apart from each other and more upstream in the catchment because more-distributed and upstream BCs can result in lower groundwater table rise which is beneficial. BCs were overall recommended to be allocated in areas of deeper groundwater tables, coarser soils, and flatter topographies. However, the spatial features of BCs are related to each other, the choice of them are affected by various hydrogeologic factors simultaneously. The exact location of BCs should be determined by considering the trade-off between runoff control efficiency and groundwater impact. The findings obtained in this study can provide guidance on GI planning in shallow groundwater areas.

Determining the most appropriate stormwater management strategies within the development of urban landscape infrastructure using the TOPSIS method: applications to Rize city.

In this study, the application of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods in determining the most appropriate stormwater management strategy is examined using different areas in Rize. The determination of the most appropriate stormwater management practices for the Rize coastal park and Güneysu-Rize connection highway with TOPSIS is presented in detail within this study. In this context, commonly used applications suitable for urban areas are discussed. The criteria and their weights used for the evaluation of the selected applications were determined by consulting expert opinions from leading researchers. The most suitable applications in different scenarios such as changes in the cost or the amount of precipitation for Rize coastal park and Güneysu-Rize connection road were determined by the TOPSIS method. The TOPSIS analyses' ranking of the ideal solutions matches the results of the SWMM simulations one to one. SWMM results confirm that the outcomes of TOPSIS are the alternatives that provide maximum decrease in surface runoff.

Conservation of Water Resources in a Botanic Garden

Water-resource challenges, encompassing both quality and quantity, pose significant threats to Florida’s ecosystems, especially in the face of climate change, rising sea levels, and rapid urbanization. This paper explores the innovative stormwater-management system implemented at Naples Botanical Garden as a model for addressing these challenges. The Garden’s approach, treating stormwater as a valuable resource, involves dry and wet retention areas, created lakes, and a unique River of Grass, mimicking natural ecosystems. This system not only mitigates flooding, but also effectively removes pollutants, recharges the aquifer, and provides a habitat for diverse wildlife. The paper emphasizes the economic, environmental, and social impacts of traditional stormwater-management practices in Florida. Naples Botanical Garden’s case serves as a guide for botanical gardens and zoos globally, showcasing the pivotal role these institutions can play in sustainable water-resource management. The collaborative design process involving landscape architects, engineers, and horticulturists ensures a holistic and aesthetically pleasing approach to stormwater management. The paper underscores the role of botanical gardens in promoting nature-based solutions, educating the public, and offering tangible steps for implementing similar systems worldwide. It can help guide regional adaptation strategies to manage stormwater as a resource.

Discovering the Perception Differences of Stakeholders on the Sustainable and Innovative Stormwater Management Practices

The overarching aim of the present work is to explore the perception differences of stakeholders, i.e., municipalities (MN), water administrations (WS), non-governmental organizations (NGO), and universities (UN), playing vital roles in the decision mechanisms regarding one of the sustainable flood mitigation techniques, i.e., low impact development (LID) practices. As being rewarding alternative to conventional drainage techniques, four different LID strategies, i.e., green roof (GR), bioretention cells (BC), permeable pavement (PP), and infiltration trench (IT), and three of their combinations were adopted to the densely urbanized Ayamama River basin, Istanbul, Turkey. The performances of the LIDs were comprehensively evaluated based on three pillars of sustainability (i.e., social, economic, and environmental) using a hybrid multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework containing the implementation of fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (fuzzy AHP) and the VIKOR (VIse KriterijumsaOptimiz acija I Kompromisno Resenje) for finding the weights of constraining criteria and prioritizing the LID scenarios, respectively. The major outcomes of this research showed that experts from MN, WS, and UN put forward the environmental dimension of sustainability, whereas respondents from NGO concentrated on the social aspect. Furthermore, MN and WS highlighted initial investment cost as the most determining criterion in optimal LID selection. On the other hand, criteria weights regarding the judgments of the experts attended from NGO revealed the significance of community resistance in specifying the optimal LID practices, while aesthetic appearance was the major concern of the academia. Hence, the present study, as an initial attempt, enabled critical standpoints for discovering perceptions of stakeholders.

Coalitional Game Theory for Stormwater Management and Green Infrastructure Practices

Coalitional Game Theory for Stormwater Management and Green Infrastructure Practices

Innovative and Reliable Assessment of Polluted Stormwater Runoff for Effective Stormwater Management

This article examines the pollution dynamics in urban wet-weather runoff, addressing the statistical characterization and systematic classification of water quality characteristics as key aspects of sustainable and effective urban stormwater quality control and treatment measures. A reliable first flush methodology is applied to discrete water quality data of different pollution parameters from an Italian database for the identification of the Bivio Vela catchment’s representative evolution of mean concentrations and the assessment of the required runoff volume to reduce stormwater pollutant concentrations to background levels. A comparison is carried out between results from two catchments with different land use types (industrial versus residential) and the complexity of the sewerage system, highlighting challenges in tracking pollution trends and delineating peculiar dynamics of different quality parameters in a specific geographic context. Despite appreciably different pollutant dynamics, both catchments achieve background levels for all the examined parameters after 6 mm runoff. The outcome of the analysis has clear implications for the design approach of sustainable stormwater management practices.

Assessment of the Implementation of Sustainable Stormwater Management Practices in Asian Countries

Numerous efforts have been undertaken by Asian countries to mitigate the adverse effects of urbanization on stormwater management. However, traditional stormwater systems have become overwhelmed due to extensive development, resulting in excessive runoff and frequent floods. As a result, it is crucial to urgently adopt sustainable stormwater management practices (SSMPs) to effectively control water quantity and quality. The goal of this study is to assess the viewpoints of stormwater practitioners regarding green roofs, rainwater harvesting systems (RHS), grass swales, rain garden/bioretention systems, and porous pavement using a SWOT analysis. This was accomplished by distributing questionnaires and evaluating previous studies. The survey showed that participants mostly agreed with the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats factors related to the chosen SSMPs. Overall, the respondents favoured the implementation of green roofs and grass swales. Further assessments were conducted on these practices in other aspects, confirming that green roofs are the most preferable SSMP for implementation in Asian countries.

GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE FOR PROTECTING SHIRAZ'S HISTORIC URBAN FABRIC FROM FLOODING

Shiraz, a city known for its rich historical urban fabric, faces increasing challenges posed by climate change and extreme weather events, particularly floods. The rapid urbanization and limited stormwater management infrastructure have exacerbated the vulnerability of the city's historic areas to flooding. Due to the registration of 360 km of Shiraz historical fabric in the national register in 2023, the importance of planning to safeguard this precious heritage has become twice as crucial. This study explores the potential of urban green spaces as a sustainable approach to mitigate flood impacts on Shiraz's historic urban fabric. Through a comprehensive analysis of flood patterns, urban green spaces, and historic buildings, this research aims to identify the most flood-prone areas and assess the effectiveness of existing green spaces in minimizing flood risks. The study also evaluates the role of vegetation and permeable surfaces in stormwater management to reduce floodwater runoff and its impact on historical structures. The findings reveal that strategically designed and maintained urban green spaces can act as natural flood buffers, helping to regulate water flow, reduce surface runoff, and minimize flood-induced damage to historic buildings. By integrating green spaces into urban planning, policymakers can enhance the city's resilience to floods and preserve the unique character and heritage of Shiraz's historic urban fabric. This study advocates for incorporating green infrastructure and sustainable stormwater management practices as integral to urban planning strategies. By embracing nature-based solutions, Shiraz can safeguard its historical treasures and foster a more sustainable and resilient urban environment for current and future generations. This research aimed to assess the implications of reducing urban green spaces, particularly in the green belt surrounding Shiraz's historic urban fabric and Snag-e-Siah neighborhood, on the vulnerability of historical sites to flood damage and potential demolition. With the utilization of urban green spaces, flood damage to Shiraz's built heritage was investigated in this study using both quantitative and qualitative methods simultaneously. The study results showed that the reduction of urban green infrastructure significantly increased the damage caused by floods in the historical area of Shiraz.

Evaluation of sorbent amendments used with stormwater management practices to remove contaminants: Impacts of rainfall intensity and antecedent dry periods

For a comprehensive evaluation of the suitability and efficiency of soil amendments in bioretention systems, it is crucial to investigate the capability of amendments for simultaneously serving three important functions under intermittent and variable flow conditions: removing a wide range of contaminants, supporting plant health, and maintaining media infiltration rate. However, most studies have not considered these important factors and conditions simultaneously, which may overestimate or underestimate the bioretention performance. In this study, a long-term vegetated column study was conducted to investigate the ability of various sorbent amendments– coconut coir fiber (CCF), blast furnace slag (BFS), and waste tire crumb rubber (WTCR) –for removal of metals, nutrients, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from stormwater. The experiments were performed under intermittent flow conditions considering different runoff intensities and antecedent dry periods (ADP). The long-term effect of bioretention usage on plant health and media infiltration rate was also investigated.All amended and unamended columns were able to remove >99 % of influent metals, except Cu, over the 7-month experiment period with different rain intensities and dry periods; modest effluent Cu concentrations occurred with higher rainfall. The performance of different media for removing PAHs such as naphthalene and acenaphthylene varied with the rain intensity. The BFS-amended media had high phosphate removal capacity (>90 %) under tested conditions. In all columns, nitrate removal was notably affected by changes in stormwater intensity and ADP, with high nitrate removal during heavy rainfall. Over the entire experiment, all media had good infiltration rate within the locally acceptable range (1–25 cm/h). The high iron and aluminum contents of BFS adversely affected the plant health in BFS-amended media. Overall, this study identifies the opportunities and challenges associated with the usage of bioretention amendments, and improves awareness among bioretention designers to consider seasonal effect on the performance of bioretention systems.

Phosphorus and Lake Eutrophication: Recent Findings and Emerging Challenges

This presentation reviews some recent and ongoing research on phosphorus (P) cycling in a variety of lake systems. Phosphorus is an essential nutrient element, and its anthropogenic enrichment is generally considered to be the main driver of cultural eutrophication of freshwater lakes, which, in the worst case, leads to the occurrence of harmful algal blooms, the intensification of hypoxia and the die-off of aquatic life. The research presented shows that excess external P loading causes the accumulation of reactive chemical P forms in the bottom sediments of lakes (Update #1). The slow release of this reactive legacy P back to the water column can significantly delay a lake’s recovery following the reduction of external P loading (Update #2). Land use changes accompanying agricultural intensification and urbanization generally increase P emissions, but the implementation of agricultural and stormwater best management practices can effectively mitigate external P loads to receiving lakes (Update #3). However, additional stressors, including climate change and salinization, magnify in-lake P mobilization pathways and, hence, increase the risks of lake (re-)eutrophication (Update #4).

Evaluation of the Implementation of Sustainable Stormwater Management Practices for Landed Residential Areas: A Case Study in Malaysia

In Malaysia, the Stormwater Management Manual for Malaysia (Manual Saliran Mesra Alam or MSMA) was introduced to manage stormwater and solve water-related problems. However, massive development caused the conventional stormwater system to be unable to cater to the excessive runoff and led to flooding, also affecting residential areas. This shows that there is an urgent requirement for a sustainable stormwater management practice (SSMP) in residential areas. This study is conducted to evaluate stormwater practitioners’ opinions on the proposed SSMPs, including green roofs, rain gardens/bioretention systems, and porous pavements, based on Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat (SWOT) factors through surveys and correlation analysis. The questionnaire was distributed to 14 branches of the Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID), 14 branches of the City Council, and 28 selected private engineering companies. In total, 118 respondents were targeted to obtain their perspectives on the SWOT factors for each selected SSMP according to the Likert scale. The survey showed that the respondents agreed with most of the SWOT factors on the selected SSMPs. The results of the distributed questionnaire were used as the data for the correlation analysis. The analysis indicated that green roofs, rain gardens/bioretention systems, and porous pavements have a strong positive relationship, with a p-value of less than 0.05 for the Strength and Opportunity factors, and a weak positive relationship, with a p-value of more than 0.05 for the Weakness and Threat factors. This shows that the proposed SSMPs are suitable to implement in residential areas. Observations were conducted to obtain the residents’ opinions on the performance of stormwater management in their residential areas and to evaluate the suitability of the proposed SSMPs to be implemented in the observed areas. Based on the observations, it can be concluded that only rain gardens/bioretention systems and porous pavements are suitable when compared to green roofs. An interview session was conducted with practitioners in stormwater management to gain their opinions on the studies and the proposed SSMPs. The interviewees agreed with the issues and that the SSMPs should be implemented in landed residential areas.

Optimal Preventive Maintenance, Repair, and Replacement Program for Catch Basins to Reduce Urban Flooding: Integrating Agent-Based Modeling and Monte Carlo Simulation

Urban sprawl has resulted in great losses of vegetation areas, an increase in impervious surfaces, and consequently the direct flow of stormwater into stream channels (i.e., the immediate flow of stormwater into stream channels, in comparison to the indirect flow that is represented by practices aiming to retain stormwater for a certain period of time and treat the polluted stormwater prior to flowing into the stream channels such as detention/retention basins, among others). Stormwater management systems such as catch basins (CBs) are needed to reduce the effect of stormwater runoff. Preventative maintenance, repair, and replacement of CBs are critical to achieve stormwater management best practices. Those practices prevent the blockage of the stormwater system, limit the pollutants in storm sewers, and reduce the risk of flooding. However, no preceding research studies have been conducted to model and simulate the serviceability of CBs and to determine optimal strategies for operating CBs. To that extent, this study establishes a framework to develop and validate an optimal and adaptive maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) strategy for CBs. In relation to that, an agent-based model (ABM) integrated with Monte Carlo simulation was developed for all 560 CBs in New York City’s District 5 and was statistically validated using 99% confidence intervals. The MRO parameters were optimized to minimize the total cost of the system and attain the desired level of serviceability of CBs. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to guide the maintenance planning process of CBs and reveal the effect of the input parameters on the model’s behavior. In addition, ten thousand Monte Carlo iterations were simulated to derive the distributions of the defined parameters. The results proved that in order to minimize the overall cost of repair, maintenance, and replacement of CBs and attain a minimum serviceability threshold of 80%, the following optimal MRO policy needs to be implemented: having seven service crews (where service crews are human resources (i.e., MRO teams) needed to perform the required maintenance, repair, and replacement work), implementing a replacing policy, and replacing CBs after five maintenance periods. The findings revealed that the service crews represent the most critical parameter in affecting the total cost and serviceability of CBs. This research contributes to the existing literature by offering a better knowledge of the management process of CBs and devising optimal MRO strategies for properly operating them. Ultimately, this research helps decision-makers and engineers increase the lifespan of CBs and limit their risks of breakdown, increase their efficiency, and avoid unnecessary costs. The proposed model is flexible and can be implemented to any geographical area and with other model/system parameters, which makes it adaptive for any scenario and area presented by the user. Finally, maintaining stormwater management practices helps in protecting the environment by decreasing the demand on stormwater systems, reducing flooding, protecting people and properties, promoting healthier rivers, and consequently creating more sustainable communities.

Rainwater Harvesting Tank Sizing: A Case in Urban Catchments in Metro Cebu

Rainwater is an abundant resource in the Philippines and when properly collected and managed, can help address flood problems. Rainwater harvesting has been practiced for years and has been viewed as one of the better options for flood mitigation in urban areas compared to other storm water management practices. It does not require large land area and cost per area is high in these locations. However, there is a challenge in selecting the suitable tank size. This paper investigates if the increase in stormwater runoff brought about by the changes in landuse in urbanized catchments can be represented by a single coefficient similar to what is being presented in the Philippine Green Building Code and in other local ordinances in the country. Simulations through HEC-HMS of three urban catchments in Metro Cebu showed that the increase in volume is highly varying such that the coefficient produced for each catchment was so distinct that no single average coefficient can be drawn. Thus, analysis should be catchment-based to determine the suitable tank size in rainwater harvesting systems as an option for flood mitigation.

Overview of the (Smart) Stormwater Management around the Baltic Sea

In this review paper, we investigate the management of the quality of stormwater in the Baltic Sea region. Current stormwater management practices, standards, and legislation do not accurately depict stormwater quality, resulting in an underestimation of its environmental impact. The digitalization and harmonization of stormwater management through the implementation of e-monitoring (online or continuous monitoring) allow for the collection of data. This data can be used to improve stormwater quality and quantity management, thereby reducing the environmental harm induced by anthropogenic activities. Based on the literature review, supporting tables and matrices are proposed to assist decision-makers and other interested parties in developing and implementing “smart” stormwater management solutions. In this article, we demonstrate that such systems can enhance stormwater management and system performance by leveraging data-driven operation and maintenance. Another advantage of the approach is that it contributes to a healthier urban environment and ecosystem well-being.

A Path to a Reduction in Micro and Nanoplastics Pollution

Microplastics (MP) are plastic particles less than 5 mm in size. There are two categories of MP: primary and secondary. Primary or microscopic-sized MP are intentionally produced material. Fragmentation of large plastic debris through physical, chemical, and oxidative processes creates secondary MP, the most abundant type in the environment. Microplastic pollution has become a global environmental problem due to their abundance, poor biodegradability, toxicological properties, and negative impact on aquatic and terrestrial organisms including humans. Plastic debris enters the aquatic environment via direct dumping or uncontrolled land-based sources. While plastic debris slowly degrades into MP, wastewater and stormwater outlets discharge a large amount of MP directly into water bodies. Additionally, stormwater carries MP from sources such as tire wear, artificial turf, fertilizers, and land-applied biosolids. To protect the environment and human health, the entry of MP into the environment must be reduced or eliminated. Source control is one of the best methods available. The existing and growing abundance of MP in the environment requires the use of multiple strategies to combat pollution. These strategies include reducing the usage, public outreach to eliminate littering, reevaluation and use of new wastewater treatment and sludge disposal methods, regulations on macro and MP sources, and a wide implementation of appropriate stormwater management practices such as filtration, bioretention, and wetlands.

Continuous Hydrologic Modeling of a Parking Lot and Related Best Management Practices with PCSWMM

AbstractPermeable pavements are a green infrastructure stormwater management practice that can serve as a functional component of the site design. However, previous field studies suggest high uncertainty in the parameters used for performing hydrologic calculations for permeable pavements. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) within the PCSWMM software package was used to simulate the hydrologic dynamics of a parking lot that is 25% covered with permeable interlocking concrete pavers in Auburn, AL. The model was calibrated to field observations of water level at two points where the pavement system outflows to a bioretention basin and rainfall data from a nearby weather station. The use of the Curve Number (CN) method within SWMM resulted in good prediction of pavement outflow by the calibrated model, with R2 and Nash‐Sutcliffe model efficiency both greater than 0.8, except where issues with precipitation data coverage occurred. This demonstrates that permeable pavements can be modeled as a land cover type rather than as detention storage. The calibrated value of the runoff CN for permeable pavement was 60, much lower than what is recommended in many design guidelines for the underlying soil type at the research site, which is hydrologic soil group B. Based on evaluation of alternative model scenarios, the permeable pavement reduced runoff by 11‐38% across contrasting rain events.

Adjusting design floods for urbanization across groundwater-dominated watersheds of Long Island, NY

The magnitude and variability of floods have increased for many nontidal streams on Long Island (LI), NY since the mid-20th century. One of the most densely populated regions of the United States, LI has experienced amplified floods in step with increases in impervious land cover, storm, and sanitary sewers that have accompanied urban development. To better understand the drivers of observed flood trends and effects of urbanization, a nonstationary flood frequency analysis is conducted, using historical annual peak flow records from 17 gaged watersheds on LI using conditional moments based on physical covariates from a two-stage sequential robust linear regression procedure. Regression results indicate that urban development and precipitation are significant co-predictors of peak flows for LI watersheds that have undergone rapid development during the available peak flow record. In watersheds with less intense urbanization or that were fully developed before the peak flow record began, precipitation alone was a significant explanatory variable. Long-term baseflow patterns identified using a nonparametric smoother explained some patterns of decreasing peak flows and heteroskedasticity in the peak flow records. Fitting a log-Pearson III distribution with these conditional moments, floods corresponding to a 20% annual exceedance probability (AEP) are up to 80% higher under a nonstationary framework compared with stationary under current watershed conditions, and differ significantly (95% confidence) from stationary estimates for 6 out of 17 watersheds. Larger floods corresponding to 1% AEPs do not differ significantly between nonstationary and stationary estimates at a 95% confidence level. Nonmonotonic trends observed in two watersheds indicate that recent stormwater management practices, such as rerouting stormwater outfalls away from the channel, substantially reduce flood frequency. Reduced nonstationary flood quantile estimates at these two watersheds are 20 to 40% lower than stationary estimates when accounting for changing watershed conditions over time. Across LI, stormwater management and water-table fluctuations have increased peak flow variability, characteristic of a late phase urban adjustment period on LI. Results of this study demonstrate that a nonstationary framework is a necessary step forward toward a regional flood-frequency analysis for LI. This nonstationary framework will allow flood managers to update flood discharge estimates to current conditions that reflect altered relationships between urban cover and climate for more targeted planning of flood control, transportation infrastructure, and management of floodplain ecosystems.

Spatial allocation of LID practices with a water footprint approach

Urban water problems due to stormwater have been aggravated by the higher frequency of high-intensity precipitation events and the increase of paved surfaces. However, with appropriate stormwater management practices, such as low-impact development (LID), stormwater can provide an additional urban water resources rather than cause damage. This study aims to apply a water footprint to location determination of LID practices in the urban area. The LID planning procedure was demonstrated with the highest population density region in Taipei, Taiwan. In order to improve the spatial resolution of LID allocation, the “first-level dissemination area” with 450 residents was used as a spatial unit. The performance of LID practices was then evaluated with the simulation using the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). Three LID practices, rainwater harvesting systems, permeable pavements, and bioretention systems, were selected. After the water footprint accounting, ten sites were suggested for LID implementation. The runoff reduction rate reached up to 65 % by rainwater harvesting systems or at least 3 % by permeable pavements. This study provides a simpler and more effective approach to ways of integrating an urban water footprint into LID planning and stormwater management in urban areas.

An investigation of past and present stormwater management practices within the City of Johannesburg

The City of Johannesburg (CoJ) has implemented a new stormwater design manual which aims at treating stormwater as a resource and to render urban spaces usable for urban environment through design networks that convey stormwater safely to the environment. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), SWATCup, and Rational Method, were used to investigate and assess the past (1886 to 1900) and present (1990 to 2016) stormwater management practices within the City of Johannesburg. The current stormwater management infrastructures were investigated as green and grey, with a focus on the benefits of green infrastructure. The study showed a lower simulated quantity of runoff in the pre-development era and higher simulated quantity of runoff in the post-development era, with varying land use land cover percentages. The post-development time shows that 35% of land use land cover is used for settlements and 65% is for open fields and other uses. However, in the pre-development time, only 10% of this land was used for urban settlement while 90% was dedicated to farmland. Pre-development condition also showed an annual precipitation of 757 mm of which 28% ended up as surface runoff while 45% was lost due to evaporation and transpiration. On the other hand, the post-development time showed 772 mm of annual precipitation with 29% of this precipitation resulting in surface runoff and 50% lost due to evaporation and transpiration. This study also confirms that indeed the LULC changes over the years have affected the quantity of runoff in CoJ. This paper is essential in assisting CoJ in determining the practicality of utilising the new stormwater design manual.

Research hotspots and trends of urban stormwater management in China based on resilience theory.

Under the context of frequent flood disasters in China, stormwater management practices such as sponge cities can play a role in flood mitigation and improve the 'resilience' of cities to flood. Resilient city is a concept related with adaptation to disasters, which is increasingly applied to stormwater and flood risk management in some countries. Based on the theory of resilience, we used the scientific metrological analysis tool CiteSpace to review the actualities of Chinese research on rainfall flood, analyzed the hot spots and related technologies of stormwater management from three aspects including ecology, engineering and society of stormwater resilience. Results showed the shortcomings in cross-sectoral stormwater management, and water regulation and storage management of land use at different scales from region to block. We proposed that 'ecology-engineering-society' should be set as the core to establish an adaptive and resilient stormwater management system that offers service to 'region-city-block' with the support of multi-technology integration in the future.