Stormwater Resources Research Articles

Assessment of rainwater resources in urban areas of reception basins of south-to-north water diversion project under climate change

The forecasting of future stormwater resources serves a pivotal role in gauging the potential effects of stormwater utilization on natural and societal systems. However, there has been limited research on the effect of climate change on future rainwater resources, particularly for large-scale water diversion projects. Based on global climate model data, future land use data and SCS-CN (soil conservation service curve number) model, this study proposed a calculation method of rainwater resources under different SSP scenarios in the future period, and carried out a case study on the cities in the receiving area of South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP). The results show that there will be an increase in the amount of rainfall in the future compared to 2020.The most significant increase in rainwater resources occurs in urban reception areas of the Eastern Route Project (ERP). However, according to future projections, the quantity of rainwater resources in the study area decreases from south to north. The spatial distribution of rainwater resources demonstrates a nearly normal distribution in the eastern and western routes and a bimodal distribution in the Central Route Project (CRP). In the context of global climate change, the increase in rainfall resources in the CRP may be beneficial for the establishment and implementation of the SNWDP. This study can provide a reference for analysing the uncertainty of rainwater resources in the future period under climate change. It can also provide guidance for the construction and develop scheduling schemes of the SNWDP, a world-class water diversion project.

Study on the Available Amounts of Rainwater/ Stormwater Resources in Ungauged Basin in Semi-Arid Region of the Loess Plateau

Study on the Available Amounts of Rainwater/ Stormwater Resources in Ungauged Basin in Semi-Arid Region of the Loess Plateau

Malaysian Rainwater Harvesting System for In-House Power Generation

Energy harvesting monitoring systems have become more important as the Internet of Things (IoT) have grown. An intelligent system to monitor rainwater harvesting at UNITEN COE BN is being designed and developed in this study. Rainwater harvesting operations will be improved by developing an intelligent system. Monitoring techniques are studied, and sensors are designed for simulation. Smart rainwater harvesting systems are designed and implemented in this study, contributing to the field of smart monitoring systems. Rainwater collection, storage and usage are monitored and analyzed with smart sensors and data acquisition systems. Water turbine speed, voltage, and rainfall intensity are monitored by sensors in the developed system. Data from sensors is processed in Python GUIs. Visual displays allow users to monitor the rainwater harvesting system remotely. Durability and infrastructure compatibility are considered when selecting materials. It is found that smart rainwater harvesting system performance and reliability can be improved through simulation testing and validation. The study concluded that, storm water resources can be optimized by accessing real-time information.

Where and how to restore wetland by utilizing storm water at the regional scale: A case study of Fangshan, China

Wetlands have multiple functions such as biodiversity protection, hydrological regime reduction, pollution sediment filtration, and tourism service etc., though wetland areas have been shrunken and fragmented largely recently, especially where nearby cities. A great application significance can be offered by the application of stormwater resources to wetland landscape restoration, which gives help to deal with the challenge of global precipitation fluctuation, and to build a sustainable and harmonious society between human and nature. In this study, the Priority Index for Wetland Restoration model (PIWR model) and the Stormwater Resources Richness Index model (SRRI model) were established based on 1 km grid unit by taking a typical county scale in northern China as the study area. On this basis, three optimal areas with the PIWR values over 0.43 were evaluated as the targeted areas to receive local stormwater resources, while two areas with the richest stormwater resources of SRRI values over 0.65 were selected as the best water supply areas for the wetland restoration activity. Finally, the optimal and scientific approach was presented based on the proposed accessibility method for utilizing the potential stormwater resources to the planed restore wetland sites at the regional scale. The evaluation framework was supported by proximity analysis and spatial coupling analysis of hydrology and geomorphology based on the suggested multiple ecohydrological indicator matrix. This study presented a useful method framework to help wetland restoration by reducing regional flood disaster with a linkage between an ecological matrix and a hydrological matrix at the regional scale, which can be applied for those regions with a quick loss of wetlands due to the ecological water shortage, while challenged by more and more flooding disasters caused by the coming global climate change.

Restoring and Managing Langat River Basin, Malaysia: Challenges for a Sustainable Future

The project “Restoring and Managing Langat River Basin, Malaysia, for the Future” is an initiative carried out by LESTARI, UKM under the UNESCO framework of Sustainability Transformation across the Region (STAR) with Jap­anese Fund In Trust (JFIT) financial assistance. Sustainability science as a new emerging field can be a tool to solve a complex environmental anthropogenic is­sue by promoting an integrated approach of various disciplines, multiscale, and across stakeholder. It is a problem-driven and solution-oriented approach in cre­ating a sustainable society and requires problem-solving skills. Thus, the estab­lishment of sustainability science demo site in the Langat River Basin involved the integration of the sustainability science concepts into natural resource man­agement frameworks and processes for supporting opportunities for a more sus­tainable and resilient future. This initiative is linked with Ecohydrology, HELP, and IWRM aspects and focused on applying sustainability science principles to strengthen policy, legal, and institutional frameworks through collaborative link­ages, learning alliances, and targeted interventions for capacity building at river basin and national levels on urban stormwater management. The key objective of this sustainability science pilot project is to develop and implement a restoration and management plan for urban stormwater resources in the Langat River Basin using a sustainability science approach. Qualitative and quantitative data collec­tion in the fields of hydrology, hydrogeology, pollution sources, ecosystems, and cultural preservation as well as development of the land cover-state model is done under this study. It is shown that the Langat River Basin is small but has inherited many problems of a large river basin. This is because the river plays an important role in conservation, agriculture, and potable water supply but is facing threat from rapid development in the industry sectors and urbanization in the basin. Some key strategies and action plans have been identified to deal with is­sues related to restoring and managing Langat River Basin for the future.

On the Water Environment System in Water Sensitive Area—Building of Sponge Airport Stormwater System in Beijing New Airport

This paper intends to study the water environmental system within water sensitive area of Beijing New Airport, further to research how it realizes the objectives of effectively controlling urban drainage and flood, scientifically utilizing and managing stormwater resource and efficiently reducing the total runoff volume and pollution, then building the stormwater system of “sponge airport”. Through analyzing the problems in the water sensitive area and some limiting factors of airport building, this paper will emphasize the system of stormwater drainage and storage, the system of controlling runoff volume and pollution, the system of recycling stormwater and the system of digitalized stormwater management. The design philosophy and construction method of “sponge airport” as far as functional division of airport and mutual connection of various systems are concerned, and the construction goal of “sponge airport” is put forward. Based on these researches, this paper will state how the construction objectives of new airport are realized and how the different systems provide guarantee to its goal of being an advanced international aviation hinge.

Nutrient Removal during Stormwater Aquifer Storage and Recovery in an Anoxic Carbonate Aquifer.

Stormwater harvesting coupled to managed aquifer recharge (MAR) provides a means to use the often wasted stormwater resource while also providing protection of the natural and built environment. Aquifers can act as a treatment barrier within a multiple-barrier approach to harvest and use urban stormwater. However, it remains challenging to assess the treatment performance of a MAR scheme due to the heterogeneity of aquifers and MAR operations, which in turn influences water treatment processes. This study uses a probabilistic method to evaluate aquifer treatment performance based on the removal of total organic C (TOC), N, and P during MAR with urban stormwater in an anoxic carbonate aquifer. Total organic C, N, and P are represented as stochastic variables and described by probability density functions (PDFs) for the "injectant" and "recovery"; these injectant and recovery PDFs are used to derive a theoretical MAR removal efficiency PDF. Four long-term MAR sites targeting one of two tertiary carbonate aquifers (T1 and T2) were used to describe the nutrient removal efficiencies. Removal of TOC and total N (TN) was dominated by redox processes, with median removal of TOC between 50 and 60% at all sites and TN from 40 to 50% at three sites with no change at the fourth. Total P removal due to filtration and sorption accounted for median removal of 29 to 53%. Thus, the statistical method was able to characterize the capacity of the anoxic carbonate aquifer treatment barrier for nutrient removal, which highlights that aquifers can be an effective long-term natural treatment option for management of water quality, as well as storage of urban stormwater.

Environmental Kuznets Curve, Flood Disaster of China and Stormwater Resource Reuse

We analyzed the relationship between the national flood disaster area, drought disaster area , total disaster area and per capita GDP from 1970-2011 in this study, which use the theory of Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) and regression analysis model. The study showed that drought disaster area and per capita GDP showed a typical "U" shaped of Kuznets curve, flood disaster area and per capita GDP showed "inverted U + U" typed of Kuznets curve. From China's current economic situation, flood is an important factor to affect Chinas economic development, especially the regional economic development. Thinking about how to implement stromwater resource reuse from a strategic perspective is an important issue of land resource utilization and regional economic development. So we propose a strategic concept based on the empirical analysis.

Integrated Flood Management for Beiyun River, China

Abstract Beiyun River Basin is holistically suffering a water shortage and relatively concentrated flood risk. The current operation (level-control) of dams and floodgates, which is in passive defense mode, cannot meet the demands of both flood control and storm water resources. An integrated flood forecasting and management system is developed by the connecting of the hydrological model and hydrodynamic model and coupling of the hydrodynamic model and hydraulic model for dams and floodgates. Based upon the forecasted runoff processes, a discharge-control operation mode of dams and floodgates is proposed to be utilized in order to well regulate the flood routing in channels. The simulated water level, discharge, and water storage volume under different design conditions of rainfall return periods and floodgates operation modes are compared. The results show that: (1) for small floods, current operation modes can satisfy the objectives, but discharge-control operation can do better; (2) for medium size floods, since pre-storing of the floods affects the discharge of follow-up floods by floodgates, the requirement of flood control cannot be satisfied under current operations, but the discharge-control operation can; (3) for large floods, neither operation can meet the requirement because of the limited storage of these dams. Then, the gravel pits, wetlands, ecological lakes and flood detention basins around the river must be used for excess flood waters. Using the flood forecasting and management system can change passive defense to active defense mode, solving the water resources problem of Beijing city and Beiyun River Basin to a certain extent.

Strategic Research on Urban Stormwater Resource Utilization in the Resource Water Shortage Cities - Base on Stormwater Data of 58 Resource Water Shortage Cities

Based on the resource water shortage cities as the research object in this paper, we use the factor analysis method to evaluate the degree of water shortage in the resource water shortage cities, while these factors include the unit of GDP water consumption, the unit of industrial output water consumption, per capita water resource, the city population, per capita domestic water consumption and the average annual rainfall. We also take Tianjin, which is most seriously lacking water resource, as a case study, and the case reveals the importance of urban stormwater utilization in the resource water shortage cities. Finally, we propose some strategic measures to utilize urban stormwater resource in the resource water shortage cities.

Water Scarcity and Urban Forests: Science and Public Policy Lessons from a Decade of Drought in Adelaide, Australia

Drawing on the experience of greater metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, the paper points to the links and gaps between science and public policy. The paper explores urban stormwater management lessons emerging from a ten-year, prolonged dry period that impacted the integrity of urban forests in the City of Adelaide. Among the questions addressed: will stormwater remain, as its historic and institutional settings suggest, a liability or can it become an asset? Who owns stormwater resources and to whom is its management vested? The paper examines these issues with consideration to the dangers of continuing to use urban forestry management practices that are not informed by science. The study concludes that a more integrated approach to urban water management can maintain the integrity of urban forests in ways that potentially enhance social amenities and economic efficiency.

Innovation of Urban Planning System and Urban Stormwater Flood Prevention

With the increasing urbanization and the expansion of the city these years, the urban stormwater flood emerge frequently in all major cities in China and cause a huge casualties and property losses. Discuss the ideas and measures of prevention and control of urban stormwater flood by analysis the reason of the formation. Set up the concepts of stormwater resources not only to give priority to the emissions ideas. Bring the ideas of discussing the problem of stormwater resources from the aspect of innovation of rural and urban planning and design system. According to the comprehensive utilization of urban stormwater and emissions which each link specific characteristics, the author tried to establish an innovative of urban planning and design system to cope with the current situation which urban rainwater flooding frequently.

Meadows, South Australia: development through integration of local water resources

Meadows, on the outskirts of Adelaide, South Australia, does not have a reticulated water supply, and connection to the state's regional network is considered too costly, but it has its own sewerage system. A water resources management plan was prepared to demonstrate how integration of local water resources — rainwater, stormwater, and sewage effluent — can allow the town's population to grow from 800 to 2,400, the limit within the statutory town boundary. Due to the average rainfall being over 800 mm/a, rainwater tanks have been assessed to be adequate for all in-house uses, excluding toilet flushing. A combination of the reclaimed sewage effluent and harvested stormwater resources was found adequate for all non-potable uses including toilet flushing, household gardens and public open space. Class A quality reclaimed water is proposed for the reticulated non-potable supply. Seasonal balancing storage in dams was found feasible. The alternative of aquifer storage and recovery for stormwater is feasible subject to proving trials. Costs are estimated to be approximately the same as conventional servicing. The advantage of the holistic integrated urban water resource management approach is that the town will virtually generate sufficient additional water as it grows to meet its expansion requirements.

Stormwater resources development and management in Glasgow: two case studies

The ‘Glasgow Surface Water Management Project’ is Glasgow City Council’s contribution to the Transformation of Rural and Urban Spatial Structure (TRUST) project, one of the European Union’s (EU) inter‐regional (INTERREG IIIB) funded research projects. This project assesses how sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) can contribute to relieving stress on the current predominantly combined sewer system. Fifty‐seven sites within Glasgow were assessed with a novel SUDS feasibility tool that can be used for stormwater resources assessment, development, planning and management in developed and developing countries. Two environmental desk studies incorporating historical planning issues that are relevant for regeneration were undertaken. A combination of infiltration trenches or swales with ponds or underground storage were the most likely SUDS options for the majority of the areas studied. The drainage of the Lillyburn Place area should be dominated by infiltration trenches draining into a nearby burn during extreme rainfall events. The drainage of the Ruchill Hospital and Park area should be dominated by a single network of swales conveying water either into underground storage tanks or retention ponds. The runoff will ultimately drain into a sewer or canal. The Ruchill Hospital and Park area was selected as being the prime choice for the TRUST demonstration project.