Storage Technologies Research Articles

Towards sustainable energy: a comprehensive review on hydrogen integration in renewable energy systems

As the world shifts towards sustainable energy sources, incorporating hydrogen into renewable energy systems emerges as a critical pathway. This thorough analysis delves deeply into the various facets of hydrogen integration, exploring its potential to revolutionize the energy landscape. Drawing upon recent advancements and research findings, the review examines the production, storage, and utilization of hydrogen within renewable energy frameworks. Key topics include electrolysis methods, storage technologies, and diverse applications spanning transportation, residential sectors, and industry. Furthermore, the review examines the obstacles and prospects linked with hydrogen integration, shedding light on policy frameworks, economic implications, and technological innovations driving its adoption. By offering insights into the multifaceted role of hydrogen, this review aims to inform researchers, stakeholders, and policymakers about the transformative potential of integrating green hydrogen into renewable energy systems for a sustainable future.

Applied Research on the Impact of Big Data, Cloud Computing and Cloud Storage on Smart Manufacturing Supply Chain

The rapid advancements in big data, cloud computing, and cloud storage technologies are profoundly reshaping the operational models of smart manufacturing supply chains. The integration and application of these technologies not only drive the enhanced data collection and analysis capabilities across various supply chain segments but also significantly improve the accuracy of demand forecasting, the rationality of resource allocation, and the scientific nature of decision support. Consequently, the collaborative efficiency and dynamic response capabilities of supply chains have been substantially elevated, providing robust technological backing for enterprises in navigating the intricately volatile market environment. Nonetheless, while reaping the benefits of these technological advancements, challenges such as data security and privacy protection, system integration, and technical selection cannot be overlooked. By judiciously selecting technology platforms, reinforcing data security management, and continuously investing in technological advancements and talent cultivation, the holistic effectiveness of smart manufacturing supply chains will be further optimized.

Analysis of the Completeness of Medical Records in RSJ. Prof. Dr. Saanin Padang

Complete medical records are very useful for knowing in detail the patient's history, examinations that have been carried out, and planning further actions. To achieve this, the medical records department is obliged to carry out quality monitoring by carrying out quantitative, qualitative, and statistical analysis. To know whether a medical record file is complete or incomplete, it is necessary to carry out a quantitative analysis, namely four reviews consisting of an identity review, recording review, reporting review, and authentication review. Based on the results of a preliminary study with existing medical record officers, it was stated that every patient's medical record file received from inpatient care was always assessed for completeness but was still not optimal, and incomplete values ​​were always obtained. One of the problems, among others, is in terms of input, namely the high workload of medical record officers, facilities, and infrastructure, especially storage space and technology, which are not yet optimal. It is important to discuss this problem so that researchers research to find out the completeness of medical record files in RSJ. Prof. HB. Saanin Padang City. This research was carried out in March 2024 at RSJ. Prof. HB. Sa'anin Padang. From the study, it was found that the highest percentage of completeness in filling out identification components was the name item at 97.98%, the highest percentage of completeness in important report components was found in the discharge summary form, CPPT and General consent each at 100%, the percentage of completeness in the recording method component was highest in You can use item type x at 100%. In the medical record file, no type-x was used. There is a need for policies regarding filling rules and periodic audits regarding the completeness of medical record files. Keywords: Completeness, Medical record, files, hospital, analysis.

Spin-Electrochemistry of Transition Metal Oxides for Energy Storage: Concepts, Advances and Perspectives.

Developing high-capacity and cyclically stable transition metal (TM)-based electrode materials for energy storage devices, such as aqueous ion energy storage systems, is crucial for addressing the growing issue of energy scarcity. The spin state, or spin configuration of the d-electrons, plays a vital role in the electrochemical energy storage performance of these materials. However, there has been a lack of systematic descriptions regarding the role of spin configurations in electrochemical energy storage to date. This review aims to elucidate the advantages of controlling the spin states of metal centers to enhance energy storage performance and highlights recent progress in employing spin state regulation in electrochemical energy storage. Additionally, it covers the various characterization techniques used to determine spin states. Finally, we discuss the future prospects and challenges within this emerging field, with the aim of accelerating the development of spin-based electrochemical energy storage technologies. This review also seeks to provide clear and reliable directions for the design and preparation of novel energy storage materials.

On the Quest for Oxygen Evolution Reaction Catalysts Based on Layered Double Hydroxides: An Electrochemical and Chemometric Combined Approach

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a crucial process in various energy conversion and storage technologies, such as water electrolysis. Developing efficient and cost‐effective electrocatalysts is essential to achieve the commercialization of devices for the transition toward sustainable energy solutions. Herein, ternary layer double hydroxides (LDHs) are synthesized and characterized as electrocatalysts for OER using a potentiodynamic electrochemical deposition method on Grafoil. A chemometric approach based on experimental design is employed to rationalize the effort in the investigation of the LDHs which are based on Ni, Co, and Fe. The deposited films are characterized using cyclic voltammetry and X‐ray diffraction to determine peak currents and potentials, and crystal size. Furthermore, the electrocatalyst performances are assessed by linear sweep voltammetry in 1M KOH from which the Tafel slope and onset potential are calculated. The obtained data are used to derive models describing the material properties and electrocatalyst performance as a function of the electrolyte composition used during the LDHs electrodeposition. This study provides valuable insights into the relationship between the electrocatalyst composition and its OER activity, enabling the design of more efficient and sustainable electrochemical systems for energy applications.

Smart Integration of Renewable Energy Sources Employing Setpoint Frequency Control—An Analysis on the Grid Cost of Balancing

The increasing installation of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) presents significant challenges to the stability and reliability of power systems. This paper introduces an advanced control method to mitigate the adverse effects of intermittent generation from RES on the power system frequency stability. The proposed approach emphasizes the critical role of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) and RES in enhancing the resilience of modern power networks. The Generation Export Management Schemes (GEMS) are employed to curtail the excessive export of RES, thereby contributing to improved frequency stability. This research involves a comprehensive analysis of the dynamic behavior of the network under various operational scenarios, particularly focusing on power exchanges between RES, BESS, and synchronous generation units. Furthermore, this paper focuses on the economic implications of integrating RES into the grid, with a detailed cost of balancing (COB) modelling and analysis conducted to assess the financial viability of the proposed frequency management solutions. The analysis encompasses both short-term and long-term perspectives, providing insights into the development of economically sustainable smart power networks that effectively integrate renewable energy and storage technologies while maintaining system stability.

ZnxMnO2/PPy Nanowires Composite as Cathode Material for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors

ABSTRACTOver the past decade, the extensive consumption of finite energy resources has caused severe environmental pollution. Meanwhile, the promotion of renewable energy sources is limited by their intermittent and regional nature. Thus, developing effective energy storage and conversion technologies and devices holds considerable importance. Zinc‐ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZISCs) merge the beneficial aspects of both supercapacitors and batteries, rendering them an exceptionally promising energy storage method. As an important cathode material for ZISCs, the tunnel structure MnO2 has poor conductivity and structural stability. Herein, the ZnxMnO2/PPy (ZMOP) electrode materials are prepared by hydrothermal method. Doping with Zn2+ is used to enhance its structural stability, while adding polypyrrole to improve its conductivity. Therefore, the fabricated ZMOP cathode presents superb specific capacity (0.1 A g−1, 156.4 mAh g−1) and remarkable cycle performance (82.6%, 5000 cycles, 0.2 A g−1). Furthermore, the assembled aqueous ZISCs with ZMOP cathode and PPy‐derived porous carbon nanotube anode obtain a superb capacity of 109 F g−1 at 0.1 A g−1. Meanwhile, at a power density of 867 W kg−1, the corresponding energy density can achieve 20 Wh kg−1. And over 5000 cycles at 0.2 A g−1, the cycle performance of ZISCs maintains at 86.4%, which exhibits excellent cycle stability. This suggests that ZMOP nanowires are potential cathode materials for superior‐performance aqueous ZISCs.

A Pore-Scale Simulation of the Effect of Heterogeneity on Underground Hydrogen Storage

Using underground hydrogen storage technology has been recognized as an effective way to store hydrogen on a large scale, yet the physical mechanisms of hydrogen flow in porous media remain complex and challenging. Studying the heterogeneity of pore structures is crucial to enhance the efficiency of hydrogen storage. In order to better understand the pore-scale behavior of hydrogen in underground heterogeneous porous structures, this paper investigates the effects of wettability, pore–throat ratio, and pore structure heterogeneity on the behavior of the two-phase H2–brine flow using pore-scale simulations. The results show that the complex interactions between wettability, heterogeneity, and pore geometry play a crucial role in controlling the repulsion pattern. The flow of H2 is more obstructed in the region of the low pore–throat ratio, and the obstructive effect is more obvious when adjacent to the region of the high pore–throat ratio than that when adjacent to the region of the medium pore–throat ratio. In high-pore–throat ratio structures, the interfacial velocity changes abruptly as it passes through a wide pore and adjacent narrower throat. Interfacial velocities at the local pore scale may increase by several orders of magnitude, leading to non-negligible viscous flow effects. It is observed that an increase in the pore–throat ratio from 6.35 (low pore–throat ratio) to 12.12 (medium pore–throat ratio) promotes H2 flow, while an increase from 12.12 (medium pore–throat ratio) to 23.67 (high pore–throat ratio) negatively affects H2 flow. Insights are provided for understanding the role of the heterogeneity of pore structures in H2–brine two-phase flow during underground hydrogen storage.

Bio-fumigants as grain protectants in storage-A review

Agriculture is a global lifeline, especially in developing nations like India, where over 70% of the population relies on it. Protecting food grains from insect pests during post-harvest storage is crucial, particularly in regions lacking advanced storage technologies, leading to significant losses. Fumigation is still a key strategy for safeguarding stored grains. Methyl bromide (MBr) and aluminium phosphide (AlP) are the widely used chemical fumigants. Phosphine is used to a greater extent today, but there are frequent reports that several storage pests have developed resistance to this fumigant. The United Nations World Meteorological Organization declared methyl bromide as an ozone-depleting chemical in 1995, and hence, most of the developed countries have phased out its use. Therefore, there is an urgent requirement to develop alternatives having a possible replacement for these fumigants. Biofumigants are organic compounds derived from various plant sources, including essential oils, botanical powders, and plant residues or from microbial volatiles. They release volatile compounds toxic to pests but safe for humans and the environment, offering a sustainable pest management approach. Plants such as mustard and radish produce glucosinolates that release isothiocyanates, known for their pesticidal properties. Essential oils from eucalyptus, clove, and mint and volatiles from certain fungi and bacteria also exhibit fumigant properties. Biofumigants disrupt insect physiological and biochemical processes, leading to mortality or reduced reproduction. Studies showed their efficacy against pests like red flour beetle, lesser grain borer, and rice weevil. Unlike chemical fumigants, biofumigants do not leave harmful residues, preserving grain quality and aligning with organic farming practices. Shifting to biofumigants offers a promising, eco-friendly, and effective alternative for post-harvest pest management, ensuring food safety and sustainability

Development of Tailored Hydrocarbon‐Based Pentablock Copolymer Membranes for Sodium‐Polysulfide Flow Batteries

AbstractLong‐duration energy storage (LDES) technologies are pivotal for the adoption of renewables like wind and solar. Non‐aqueous redox flow batteries (NARFBs) with a sodium‐polysulfide hybrid system feature high energy density independent of power density, yet face challenges with polysulfide shuttling. This study investigates a hydrocarbon‐based penta‐block copolymer membrane, Nexar, to mitigate crossover effects by balancing TFSI conversion and their crosslink density. The membranes are annealed to induce crosslinking for reducing electrolyte uptake and enhancing mechanical stability while demonstrating excellent ionic conductivity. The hydrocarbon‐based membranes address environmental concerns associated with perfluoroalkyl substances and improve the performance and durability of NARFBs. Our findings suggest that annealed Nexar membranes with tailored TFSI functionality offer a scalable, cost‐effective solution for enhancing the efficiency of high‐capacity energy storage systems, pivotal for grid integration of renewable sources.

The Influence of Cultivation, Storage and Processing Technology on the Nitrate Content in Potato Tubers and Vegetable Crops as the Example of Ecologically and Hygienically Oriented Organic Agricultural Nature Management

The article presents the results of studies of the influence of organic and mineral fertilizers, as well as storage and processing technologies on the level of nitrates in potatoes, carrots and cabbage. The study demonstrated that in order to obtain the high yield of environmentally friendly vegetable crops, it is necessary to use biohumus at a norm of 8 t/ha or the combination of 6 t/ha biohumus and N35P35K40. This treatment can provide the potato yield of 420-440 c/ha, carrots 223-240 c/ha, cabbage 500-520 c/ha, while not exceeding the maximum allowable concentration (MAC) of nitrates. At a same time, studies have revealed that storage and processing of these vegetables under the required standard conditions can significantly reduce the amount of nitrates contained in the products. The work we have done shows an example of organic farming as the ecological and climatic project for carbon sequestration in soils, bioimprovement and bioprotection of soils, for increasing the yield and hygienic quality of the harvest. When processing the resulting vegetable products, toxic hazards to public health are eliminated and the ecological safety of the environment is ensured. Additional measures are needed to control the application of fertilizers to soils, the quality of agricultural products during collection, storage and processing.

Thermal Runaway of Na‐Ion Batteries with Na3V2O2(PO4)2F Cathodes

AbstractThe metal‐ion battery manufacturing growth rates increase attention to the safety issues. For promising sodium‐ion batteries, this topic has been studied in much less detail than for the lithium‐ion ones. Here, we explored the thermal runaway process of Na‐ion pouch cells with the Na3V2O2(PO4)2F (NVOPF)‐based cathode. The thermal runaway onset temperature for such cells is noticeably higher than that for the NMC‐based LIBs. We show that thermal runaway is triggered by the anode and the separator decomposition rather than by the processes at the cathode. The composition of the gas mixture released during thermal runaway process is similar to that for Li‐ion batteries. The results suggest that sodium‐ion batteries based on polyanionic cathodes can pave the way to safer metal‐ion energy storage technologies.

Chromium Oxide Nanoparticles Anchored in Hydrogel-Derived Three-Dimensional N-Doped Porous Carbon Anode Materials as Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Transition metal oxides (TMOs) have been identified as the most promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, these materials tend to undergo volumetric expansion during battery operation, which disrupts their internal structure and ultimately leads to a degradation of battery performance. Cr2O3/N-doped porous carbon (Cr2O3@NC) composites were successfully synthesized through high-temperature calcination using Cr2O3-containing hydrogels as precursors. The results show that the carbon material not only improves the electron transfer ability of Cr2O3 but also effectively prevents its agglomeration. The Cr2O3@CN composite as a novel anode material for LIBs exhibits a reversible capacity of 936 mAh g-1 after 200 cycles at a current density of 1 A g-1, showcasing excellent cycling and structural stability during cycling. Scanning electron microscopy analysis reveals that the Cr2O3@NC composite remains structurally intact throughout cycling. The innovative approach proposed in this study provides a new direction for the advancement of electrode materials for energy storage technologies.

Planning and Optimisation of Renewable Energy Systems for Decarbonising Operations of Oil Refineries

AbstractGiven the urgency to transition to low carbon future, oil refineries need to identify feasible strategies for decarbonisation. One way to address this is by integrating renewable energy systems. However, the high initial costs and intermittency appeared to be the key barriers for the adoption of renewable energy technologies. Hence, a multi-period optimisation model is developed via mixed integer linear programming in this work to determine the optimal renewable energy system in terms of cost and its optimal energy storage technology to enhance its flexibility for oil refinery operations. This model aims to minimise the costs of the renewable energy system while considering its ability to accommodate the varying energy demands across the time periods. An oil refinery case study is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed model. The developed model is expected to propose an optimal renewable energy system that meets the energy demands and, at the same time, achieves the decarbonisation goal. Based on the results, the optimal renewable energy system comprises cost-effective technologies to generate various energy outputs including electricity, hydrogen, high-pressure and medium-pressure steam to meet energy demands. Additionally, the result of the case study shows that the integration of renewable energy systems achieves a reduction of 5,353 tonnes of carbon dioxide. Apart from that, the incorporation of energy-efficient energy storage results in a 10% reduction in the total cost of the optimal renewable energy system. Compressed hydrogen gas storage and battery were used to store excess hydrogen and electricity during periods with low demands and subsequently consumed during peak demand periods. This can, therefore, reduce the technological capacity required. With the aid of storage facilities, the flexibility of the renewable energy system is elevated in meeting varied demands, which otherwise would incur additional expenses.

Research Progress of Dual‐Site Tandem Catalysts in the Preparation of Multi Carbon Products by Electro Reduction of CO2

AbstractThe era of an energy economy driven by “carbon neutrality” is putting forward stricter requirements for the use of carbon resources and the governance of CO2. Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide reaction (CO2RR), driven by renewable energy, is a practical energy storage technology with broad application prospects. It can reduce CO2 into carbon‐based fuels and chemical products. Among them, multi‐carbon (C2+) products have higher energy density and larger market size, and can significantly reduce the global demand for fossil fuels and close the artificial carbon cycle. Introducing additional active sites into Cu‐based catalysts to prepare dual‐site tandem catalysts can regulate the electronic and geometric structure of the catalysts, break linear scale relationships, reduce reaction potential barriers, and bring superb and stable catalytic performance. Various types of dual‐site tandem catalysts are developed, and the understanding of the tandem effect is pushed to a higher level. This paper reviews several typical dual‐site tandem catalysts: atom–atom dual‐site tandem catalysts, atom‐particle dual‐site tandem catalysts, particle–particle dual‐site tandem catalysts, and heterogeneous interface dual‐site tandem catalysts. It then deeply analyzes the reaction mechanism and research progress of these advanced catalysts in CO2RR. In addition, the challenges and opportunities faced by such catalysts are also discussed.

An Advancement in Postharvest Biology and Fresh-Keeping Technology of Kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.): A Review

Kiwifruit is a climacteric fruit that may decay rapidly and softens after harvest if not stored properly. How to expand the storage time of kiwifruit to maintain the quality, is a critical challenge for the kiwifruit industry development. Kiwifruit’s post-harvest life is tied closely to post-harvest management, such as scientific harvesting, green preservation, ethylene management, and low-temperature storage, as well as texture and quality. This study focuses on the advancement of related research from four perspectives and explores their impacts on kiwifruit storage in order to give a theoretical foundation for breeding varieties with superior storage capacity, and the development of storage and preservation technologies. Hayward and Hort16A varieties of kiwifruit had been cultivated largely in past but now, yellow-fleshed Sun Gold, Gold 3 and Gold 9, Hongyang, Maohua Cuixiang, Xuxiang, etc. are becoming significantly famous in international commerce. For the best postharvest quality, kiwifruit must be stored at low temperatures. Fruit quality, harvesting maturity, ethylene production, storage life, green preservation, and pathology are the priorities in breeding projects. To take advantage of adequate germplasm resources, reproductive biology understandings are needed.

Model‐Driven Manufacturing of High‐Energy‐Density Batteries: A Review

AbstractThe rapid advancement in energy storage technologies, particularly high‐energy density batteries, is pivotal for diverse applications ranging from portable electronics to electric vehicles and grid storage. This review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the recent progress in model‐driven manufacturing approaches for high‐energy‐density batteries, highlighting the integration of computational models and simulations with experimental manufacturing processes to optimize performance, reliability, safety, and cost‐effectiveness. We systematically examine various modeling techniques, including electrochemical, thermal, and mechanical models, and their roles in elucidating the complex interplay of materials, design, and manufacturing parameters. The review also discusses the challenges and opportunities in scaling up these model‐driven approaches, addressing key issues such as model validation, parameter sensitivity, and the integration of machine learning and artificial intelligence for predictive modeling, process optimization, and quality assurance. By synthesizing current research findings and industry practices, this paper aims to outline a roadmap for future developments in model‐driven manufacturing of high‐energy density batteries, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and innovation to meet the increasing demands for energy storage solutions.

Design of high-performance binary carbonate/hydroxide Ni-based supercapacitors for photo-storage systems

Silicon solar cells were used to convert solar energy into electrical energy, and a supercapacitor was designed to store this energy. To maximize the surface area of the electrodes, a three-dimensional Ni foam substrate was employed, onto which Ni-based compounds were deposited to enhance the electrochemical performance of the electrodes. Specifically, to address the conductivity reduction problem that arises when using only Ni ions, we introduced transition metal ions such as Mn, Co, Cu, Fe, and Zn to create binary compounds as electrode material. These binary metal compounds provided high electronic conductivity, structural stability, and reversible capacity, thereby optimizing the performance of the supercapacitor. As a result, the optimized NiCo(CO3)(OH)2 electrode demonstrated high capacity and excellent cycle stability, exhibiting an energy density of 35.5 Wh kg−1 and a power density of 2555.6 W kg−1 as an asymmetric supercapacitor device. Furthermore, when this device was combined directly with silicon solar cells, it achieved a storage efficiency of 63 % and an overall efficiency of 5.17 % under an illumination intensity of 10 mW cm−2. These findings suggest the potential for commercializing high-performance self-charging energy storage devices and contribute significantly to the advancement of energy storage technology.

Dendrite‐Free Zinc Anode for Zinc‐Based Batteries by Pre‐Deposition of a Cu–Zn Alloy Layer on Copper Surface via an In Situ Electrochemical Oxidation–Reduction Reaction

ABSTRACTThe prevention of uncontrollable growth of zinc dendrites on the zinc electrodes is one of the key challenges, hindering the widespread commercialization of zinc‐based energy storage technologies. Herein, we report a facile method to mitigate dendrite growth on a copper surface by an initial in situ coating of a Cu–Zn alloy layer, before zinc deposition. During further zinc deposition, the initially formed Cu–Zn alloy layer provides uniform nucleating sites and promotes homogeneous zinc deposition. A symmetrical cell, assembled using a Cu–Zn/Cu electrode could be stably cycled for over 1000 cycles in ZnSO4 solution, at a current density of 30 mA/cm2 and a coulombic efficiency of 99.9%. A zinc–air cell, assembled using Zn@Cu–Zn/Cu as the anode and rGO/Co3O4 composite as the cathode, exhibited a very stable performance at a high current density of 50 mA/cm2 and coulombic efficiency of ~93%, for over 400 cycles. After cycling experiments, the X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the X‐ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of the Cu–Zn alloy layer. Hence, the present method provides an easy route for fabricating a dendrite‐free zinc electrode, for a wide range of zinc anode‐based batteries.

A Comprehensive Review of CO2 Mineral Sequestration Methods Using Coal Fly Ash for Carbon Capture, Utilisation, and Storage (CCUS) Technology

CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion are the main source of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs). A method of reducing CO2 emissions is CCUS (carbon capture, utilisation, and storage) technology. One part of CCUS technology involves mineral sequestration as its final stage, utilisation, which can be carried out using natural raw materials or waste. This is a particularly interesting option for power and CHP plants that use coal as their primary fuel. Combustion processes produce fly ash as a waste by-product, which has a high potential for CO2 sequestration. Calcium fly ash from lignite combustion and fly ash from fluidised bed boilers have particularly high potential due to their high CaO content. Fly ash can be used in the mineral sequestration of CO2 via direct and indirect carbonation. Both methods use CO2 and flue gases. Studies conducted so far have analysed the influence of factors such as temperature, pressure, and the liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratio on the carbonation process, which have shown different effects depending on the ash used and the form of the process. Due to the large differences found in the properties of fly ash, related primarily to the type of fuel and boiler used, the process of mineral CO2 sequestration requires much research into its feasibility on an industrial scale. However, the method is promising for industrial applications due to the possibility of reducing CO2 emissions and, at the same time, recovering waste.