Polymorphism Of Storage Proteins Research Articles

Хозяйственно-биологическая характеристика биотипного состава сортов яровой пшеницы

The aim of this work is to study the component composition and intravarietal polymorphism of storage proteins of three soft and one hard varieties of spring wheat and their relationship with a complex of economically valuable traits. The studies were carried out in 2018–2020 by the department of genetics and immunity at the institute, in the conditions of the southeast of the Central Black Earth Region. In the course of the work, the identification of gliadin biotypes was carried out by electrophoresis in 6.5% polyacrylamide gel, the results of which revealed that the genome of the studied varieties contains: Chernozemnouralskaya 2 (5 biotypes), Voronezh 18 (5 biotypes), Voronezh 20 (4 biotypes) and a solid variety Voronezhskaya 13 (1 biotype). The selected biotypes were propagated for 3 years, analyzed and evaluated according to the indicators of the structural analysis of the elements of productivity and quality. Based on this, their economic and biological characteristics were given. It was found that biotypes 3 and 4 of the Chernozemnouralskaya variety 2, biotypes 1 and 2 of the Voronezhskaya 18 variety, biotypes 1 and 2 of the Voronezhskaya 20 variety proved to be the most productive relative to the standard during the study period. As for the quality indicators, as a result of the research the difference in quality of gliadin biotypes was revealed, which is important to take into account in breeding work to increase genetic diversity when creating high-quality varieties. The ones with the best quality were: biotype 1 of the Chernozemnouralskaya variety 2, biotypes 2 and 3 of the Voronezhskaya 18 variety. The best biotypes, distinguished by a complex of economically valuable traits, which differ from the initial variety, can be used in further breeding work for the accelerated creation of highly productive and high-quality spring wheat varieties.

Polymorphism of storage proteins of common backwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) in groups of varieties with different flower color

Aim. To establish the presence of polymorphism and differences in variants of the protein spectrum of buckwheat seed storage proteins in groups of varieties with different colors of the flower corolla. Methods. Electrophoresis using the Laemmli method in 17.5% of the separating PAAG gels, visualization and identification of the spectrum variants. Results. The common variants of the electrophoretic spectrum for all groups of buckwheat varieties and the heterogeneity of each of the studied groups of genotypes are revealed. By frequency of variants of electrophoretic spectrum between groups of varieties were detected statistically significant differences and reliable predominance of individual variants in green-flower morphotypes of buckwheat were established. Conclusions. Differences in frequency of occurrence of variants of electrophoretic spectrum in different morphotypes of buckwheat indicate the probable processes of preservation of individual adaptive alleles of genes of seed storage proteins, which occurred in populations when varieties under the pressure of breeding process.
 Keywords: edible buckwheat, spare proteins, globulins, albumins, polymorphism.

Diversity Analysis in Maize through Solubility-Fractionated Seed Storage Protein Polymorphism

Diversity Analysis in Maize through Solubility-Fractionated Seed Storage Protein Polymorphism

GENETIC DIVERSITY OF WINTER WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)

Cereals form an indispensable part of the human diet, and wheat is one of the most important agricultural commodities worldwide. Technological quality of wheat grain is determined mainly by the representation of gluten proteins. The aim of this work was to evaluate the technological quality of winter wheat grain based on genetic markers rested on polymorphism of storage proteins. We analyzed ten varieties of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), in which we determined the content of crude proteins and fractional composition of proteins. Then we analyzed the samples by electrophoretic methods using SDS – PAGE and A – PAGE protocols, which allowed us to separate storage proteins and subsequently to detect the presence of individual HMW-GS as molecular markers of breadmaking quality of wheat. We calculated Glu-score based on the representation of HMW-GS. According to SDS – PAGE, the most common composition of HMW-GS was formed by alleles 0, 7+9, 5+10, which occurred in 30 % of analyzed varieties (Natanael, Silvanus, Genoveva). The highest Glu-score (10) was achieved by the variety Ilias. From fingerprinting of gliadins in A - PAGE we constructed a dendrogram of relatedness of individual analyzed varieties. In dendrogram, most genetically distant varieties according to gliadins polymorphism are the varieties Silvanus from the varieties Bardotka, Sophytra, Faustina and Genoveva; also Natanael from the variety Sophytra. Genetically closest from this point of view is the variety Federer to the variety Panonnicus, as well as Natanael to Silvanus.

Polymorphism of storage proteins in accessions of pea wild taxa

Electrophoretic spectra of storage proteins in wild taxa of pea have been studied. Composition of protein bands essential for identification of biochemical markers of introgressive alleles with agronomic value has been described. Cluster analysis has been performed with use of the UPMGA algorithm. Two clusters have been determined on a dendrogram with high level of bootstrap index (BI = 99.3%). P. fulvum accessions I609881, I609885, 2523, and 6070 have been placed in different clusters. This fact points to heterogeneity of the species under study and possibility of interspecific introgressions during ancient times. Accessions of P. fulvum 2523 and 6070 have been characterized by a higher number of isoforms of convicilin. Differences between the accessions of P. fulvum should be taken into consideration during interspecific hybridization.

Seed storage protein polymorphism in ten elite rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes of Sindh

Seed protein profiling is the most promising tool in determining the molecular polymorphism and genetic homology. Seed storage proteins help in cultivar identification by avoiding the external environmental influences. Electrophoretically detectable proteins in rice grains possess the potential of characterizing the germplasms by their taxonomic and evolutionary aspects. This study was aimed at exploiting the genetic variations among ten elite rice genotypes of Sindh through electrophoretical separation of grain proteins by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacryamide gel electrophoresis (SDSPAGE). In conclusion, the investigation revealed negligible polymorphism, with reference to the total seed protein profiles, among the rice genotypes of Sindh, Pakistan used in this study. Hence, it is highly important to include a significant number of rice genotypes to explore their existing genotypic diversity for future rice breeding programs. The SDS-PAGE in combination with 2-D electrophoresis is further suggested for documenting contrasting variations of isoforms of protein peptides. Key words : Seed storage proteins, polymorphism, Oryza sativa , Sindh, SDS-PAGE

Genetic Variation in Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinaceaSchreb) Populations Based on Seed Storage Protein Polymorphism

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb) is one of the main perennial forage grasses that naturally grows in temperate pasture and rangelands in northern and western Iran. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic variability among 15 populations of tall fescue via SDS-PAGE analysis of seed storage proteins. This technique generated a total of 46 protein patterns that showed two types of polymorphism: presence or absence of patterns and their intensities. Populations G15 and G24 with average values of 41 and 28 had higher and lower band numbers, respectively. Cluster analysis using UPGMA method was performed on resultant data obtained from SDS-PAGE for seed proteins. Three distinct groups were identified from the cluster analysis at the similarity coefficient level of 0.75. The bands of 65 and 70 kDa can be used as protein markers to identify populations. We concluded that seed storage protein polymorphism could be a useful marker in population identification, study of genetic diversity and...

New combination inVeronica(Scrophulariaceae s.l.) based on morphological characters and the seed storage protein polymorphism

Veronica erciyasdagi (M. A. Fischer) C. Vural comb. & stat. nov., previously regarded as a variety, is proposed as a new combination, based on the morphological characters and seed storage protein polymorphism presented in this study. In addition, information about the ecology and conservation status of Veronica erciyasdagi was reported. This taxon is endemic to central Anatolia, Turkey and is critically endangered.

Combined 2D electrophoretic approaches for the study of white lupin mature seed storage proteome

Seed proteome analysis by 2D IEF/SDS–PAGE techniques is challenging for the intrinsic difficulties related to quantitative disparity of the seed proteins, i.e. storage and non-storage proteins, their polymorphic nature, the extensive post-translational modifications and the paucity of deposited primary structures available. Conversely, 2D maps of seed proteomes can be extremely useful for a number of fundamental and applied investigations. In this work, we have used a combination of two experimental approaches to identify the main protein components of an emerging protein-rich legume seed, that is white lupin seed ( Lupinus albus, L.). One is the canonical proteomic approach including 2D electrophoretic separation and mass spectrometry of selected trypsin-digested polypeptides; the other approach is a group comparative 2D electrophoretic analysis of cotyledonary protein families. To this second purpose, the three main families of lupin seed proteins, namely α-conglutins, the 11S globulin fraction, β-conglutins, the 7S globulin fraction, and γ-conglutin, a basic 7S protein, were isolated by conventional biochemical techniques and their 2D reference maps were compared with the total protein map. With the first approach 37 out of 40 spots, making up about 35% of total spot volumes in the 2D map, were found to belong to the main seed protein families. Thanks to cDNA-deduced lupin storage protein sequences, determined on purpose and deposited, most of the identification statistical parameters were very good. Moreover, it was possible to identify several endogenously proteolysed subunits in the map. The second comparative approach, beside confirming these attributions, allowed to allocate 124 polypeptides within the three main lupin protein families. These two approaches proved to be mutually validating and their combined use was effective for the establishment of a seed proteome map even in the case of sequence and protein post-translational processing lack of information. The results obtained also extend our knowledge of the seed storage protein polymorphism of white lupin.

Seed storage protein variation in Arachis species

Seventy-two accessions, representing 22 species from sections Arachis, Erectoides, Extranervosae, and Triseminalae of the genus Arachis, were screened for seed storage protein polymorphism. Variation was detected between sections, between genome types, between species, and in some cases between different accessions of the same species or different seeds of the same accession. Arachis duranensis and one accession of A. cardenasii were found to have identical protein patterns. The greatest dissimilarity was found between species of the section Extranervosae and species of the section Triseminalae. Those of section Erectoides showed much similarity with some species of section Arachis. Protein polymorphism was shown to distinguish the two subspecies of A. hypogaea (fastigiata and hypogaea) in 27 of 28 cases. The seed protein profile of A. monticola was a combination of seed protein profiles from the two A. hypogaea subspecies. The relatedness between the various species was calculated and those that had the greatest similarity with A. hypogaea were A. spegazzinii and A. batizocoi.