Storage Media For Avulsed Teeth Research Articles

Evaluation of the reliability and accuracy of YouTube™ and TikTok™ contents about storage media for avulsed teeth: A cross-sectional study.

The preservation of avulsed teeth is critical in dental trauma management, necessitating effective storage media to ensure viable tooth reimplantation. The urgent need for accurate information has led both professional and non-professional individuals to increasingly seek guidance from video-sharing platforms such as YouTube™ and TikTok™. These platforms have become key resources for advice on such dental emergencies, but the reliability and accuracy of this information have not yet been systematically evaluated. This study aimed to assess the quality, accuracy, and reliability YouTube™ and TikTok™ of videos regarding storage solutions for avulsion injuries. A search was conducted on YouTube™ and TikTok™ on February 4th, 2023, using terms related to traumatic dental injuries, and 53 videos were included. Video demographics such as platform, duration, type, upload date, likes, and comments were recorded. Video content quality, reliability, and accuracy were measured using the Global Quality Scale (GQS), Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmarks, and Video Information and Quality Index (VIQI). Research data were analyzed using SPSS IBM 24.0 at a 95% confidence interval. In total, 53 videos were examined. The average scores were JAMA: 1.70/4.00, modified DISCERN: 54.3/80.00, GQS: 3.88/5.00, and VIQI: 13.8/20.00. According to the modified DISCERN index, there were no "very poor" or "poor" quality videos, 49.05% were "moderate," 22.6% were "good," and 28.3% were "very good." No difference was found between YouTube™ and TikTok™ videos in terms of the modified DISCERN index, JAMA scores, GQS, and VIQI scoring (p > .05). Traumatic dental injuries are a common problem among children, and evaluating the reliability of available contents is becoming crucial for appropriate intervention. The study reveals that despite being sourced mainly from dental professionals, the overall quality of videos on avulsed tooth management was mediocre, underscoring the risks associated with misleading or incomplete information in such critical situations.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Towards Emergency Management of Avulsed Tooth among Dental Practionator in Pakistan: A Questionnaire-Based Survey

Background: The management of dental traumatic injuries, particularly avulsed permanent teeth, necessitates a comprehensive understanding and proficient clinical skills among dental practitioners. With the increasing prevalence of dental injuries due to various factors, the knowledge and practices of dentists in emergency and clinical management are pivotal for successful outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the current state of knowledge, attitudes, and practices among Pakistani dentists regarding the management of avulsed teeth, highlighting areas for improvement and adherence to international guidelines. Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of dental practitioners in Pakistan concerning the emergency management of avulsed permanent teeth and to identify gaps in knowledge and practice compared to the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) guidelines. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 120 dental professionals in Pakistan, using an online questionnaire from August to September 2022. The survey comprised three sections: demographic information, knowledge and attitudes towards dental trauma education, and practices in the emergency management of avulsed teeth. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze the data, utilizing SPSS version 25.0 for statistical analysis. Results: The survey revealed that 47.5% of respondents felt they received enough information during their undergraduate education, yet a significant proportion reported forgetting much of this knowledge over time. Regarding post-graduation knowledge sources, conferences and medical journals were the most cited (26.7% and 24.2%, respectively). In terms of practice, 79.2% correctly identified HBSS as the optimal storage medium for avulsed teeth, and 60% adhered to rinsing the tooth with saline before replantation. Awareness of the critical extra-oral dry time being under 60 minutes was noted in 59.2% of participants, and a majority were in favor of initiating root canal treatment 7 to 10 days post-replantation for teeth with a closed apex, aligning with IADT recommendations. However, a preference for rigid splints over flexible ones was observed in 54.2% of respondents, indicating a deviation from best practices. Conclusion: The study identified a satisfactory level of knowledge among Pakistani dentists regarding some aspects of avulsed tooth management but also highlighted significant gaps, particularly in the use of flexible splints and recollection of undergraduate training. Continuous education and adherence to IADT guidelines are essential for improving the management of dental traumatic injuries.

Storage medium for avulsed teeth: A narrative review

Dental avulsion is the most severe type of traumatic tooth injury, resulting in the complete displacement of the tooth from its socket in the alveolar bone. Immediate replantation of an avulsed permanent tooth is recommended for successful treatment and a good prognosis. However, replantation is not always feasible. The biological properties of the storage medium, which must preserve the viability, clonogenic capacity, and mitogenic potential of the periodontal ligament (PDL) cells, are crucial for successful reimplantation. If the root surface dries out excessively due to prolonged extraoral time before replantation, the damaged PDL cells can trigger an inflammatory response across the root surface, leading to ankylosis. There are various types of storage media, both synthetic and natural. Therefore, selecting the appropriate storage medium in an emergency is critical for improving the outcome of teeth that cannot be immediately replanted. This review examines research on various storage media for avulsed teeth, focusing on their properties and effectiveness, based on articles from electronic databases. Keywords: Dental Trauma; Periodontal Ligament; Storage media; Tooth Avulsion; Traumatic Dental Injuries

Assessment of Periodontal Ligament Fibroblast Viability in Dymatize® Elite Casein as a Transport Medium for Avulsed Teeth at Different Time Intervals (An in - vitro study)

Abstract
 Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of a sports dietary supplement, which is Dymatize® Elite Casein (micellar casein), as a storage medium for avulsed teeth compared to Hank’s balanced salt solution at three-time intervals.
 Methods: One hundred teeth freshly extracted for orthodontic treatment. Were divided into Hank’s balanced salt solution, Dymatize® Elite Casein, a Dry group, and a control that tested directly after extraction. Experimental groups' teeth were immediately immersed in the media and subdivided into three groups at time intervals (1 hr, 4 hrs, and 8 hrs). Cells of PDL were examined after being scraped, and labeled with trypan blue using a light microscope and a hemocytometer. The data were statistically analyzed, using one-way ANOVA with Graph Pad Prism 7. And, Post Hoc Tukey's test performed inferential to compare each test group to all other groups.
 Results: All groups showed highly significant changes, except for Dymatize® and control at one hour, which showed non-significant differences. All experimental groups had highly significant differences after 4 and 8 hours.
 Conclusion: The Dymatize® Elite Casein could serve effectively as a transport medium and preserve fibroblast viability over time ensuring replantation success. It is a good substitute with its superior properties.

Effect of Polydeoxyribonucleotide on Human Periodontal Ligament Cells as a Storage Medium for Avulsed Tooth

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the suitability of polydeoxyribonucleotides (PDRN) as a storage medium for avulsed teeth.Materials and Methods: The viability of human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells stored in Hank’s balanced salt solution and PDRN solutions (concentrations, 10, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL) and tap water was measured using the Cell Counting Kit-8 and Live/Dead assays. In addition, Nitric oxide detection and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were performed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of PDRN.Results: The viability of PDL cells stored in a 100 μg/mL PDRN solution was significantly higher than that of cells stored in the other solutions (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Furthermore, cells stored in 100 μg/mL PDRN solution demonstrated a significantly reduced NO production (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), and cells stored in 50 and 100 μg/mL PDRN solutions expressed significantly lower levels of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL) -4, IL-6, and IL-10 (<i>p</i> < 0.01) compared to cells stored in HBSS.Conclusion: The PDRN solution exhibited cell-preserving and anti-inflammatory effects on the PDL cells. The findings of this study can serve as a basis for further experiments directed at the development of an effective storage medium for avulsed teeth.

The Comparative Analysis of the Effectiveness of Four Different Storage Media (Placentrex, Propolis 10%, Pomegranate Juice 5%, and Hank's Balanced Salt Solution) in Preserving the Viability of Periodontal Ligament Cells: An In Vitro Study.

Out of all traumas, dentoalveolar trauma occurs quite frequently and is commonly linked to avulsion injuries. Of all severe lesions to the permanent dentition, tooth avulsion accounts for 1%-16% of cases. The extraoral dry time and the storage medium in which the tooth is stored and its capacity to promote cell viability are two important variables influencing the prognosis of an avulsed tooth following replantation. The aim of this paper is to assess and contrast the effectiveness of placentrex, propolis 10%, pomegranate juice 5%, and Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) as a storage medium in preserving the periodontal ligament (PDL) cells' viability. Sixty freshly extracted premolars were put in four various media for 45 minutes each, including HBSS, placentrex, propolis 10%, and pomegranate juice 5%, and placed in an incubator for 30 minutes in 15 mL falcon tubes with 2.5 mL solutions of collagenase 0.2 mg/mL and dispase 2.4 mg/mL in phosphate-buffered saline. Bovine serum was added after incubation, and the mixture was centrifuged for four minutes. Trypan blue 0.4% wasused to identify the cells. Under a light microscope, a hemocytometerwasutilized to quantify the number of periodontal ligament cells that were still alive. Propolis, pomegranate, and placentrex are all significantly inferior to HBSS in the context of the sustainability of the cells. It was discovered that HBSS with placentrex and pomegranate juice 5% was statistically insignificant. The difference in periodontal ligament cell viability between propolis 10%, HBSS, placentrex, and pomegranate juice 5% was shown to be statistically significant. When compared to other media such as propolis 10% and pomegranate juice 5%, placentrex is a better alternative storage medium for avulsed teeth.

Comparative Evaluation of Maintenance of Cell Viability of an Experimental Transport Media "Ringer's Lactate" with Dextrose Normal Saline ORS Egg White and Infant Milk Formula for Transportation of an Avulsed Tooth.

The viability of the periodontal ligament (PDL) cells on the root surface of the avulsed tooth determines the prognosis of the replanted tooth, which in turn is determined by a suitable transport medium in which the tooth was stored. The aim of the present study is to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of Ringer's lactate (RL) as a storage medium for an avulsed tooth in maintaining the PDL cell viability with dextrose normal saline (DNS), oral rehydration salt (ORS), egg white (EW), and infant milk formula (IMF). A total of 85 freshly extracted human teeth were divided into five experimental groups and two control groups. The positive and negative controls corresponded to 0-minute and 8-hour dry time, respectively. The experimental teeth were stored dry for 30 minutes and then immersed in one of five experimental media (RL, DNS, ORS, EW, and IMF) for 45 minutes. The teeth were then treated with collagenase type III and trypsin for 10 minutes. The number of viable PDL cells was counted with a hemocytometer and analyzed. Statistical analysis showed that IMF, RL, and EW had no statistically significant differences among them in maintaining the viability of the PDL cells but were significantly better than DNS. No statistically significant difference between RL, EW, and ORS in the number of viable PDL cells. Infant milk formula (IMF), RL, and EW showed similar results within the parameters of the study; they can be used as alternative storage media for avulsed teeth. DNS showed poor results, and ORS could serve as short-term storage media if the other solutions are not readily available. The search for an appropriate storage media with favorable pH and osmolality along with easy availability is the basic thought behind this study. Kumar P, Kotumachagi SS, Fabi AJ, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Maintenance of Cell Viability of an Experimental Transport Media "Ringer's Lactate" with Dextrose Normal Saline ORS Egg White and Infant Milk Formula for Transportation of an Avulsed Tooth. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(3):453-458.

Optimal storage media for avulsed teeth: an in vitro study

Background: Tooth avulsion can be replanted to the alveolar bone if appropriate preserved. This study aimed to evaluate the viability of periodontal ligament cells in several storage media at different time after the tooth leaves the alveolar bone. Method: 46 teeth premolars and third molars were divided into 4 storage media (DMEM, milk, physiologic saline, sports drink) and randomly for 4 period (30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 24 hours). The root surface was scraped to collect periodontal ligament cells. Cells were stained with 0.4% Trypan blue solution and observed by a Neubauer chamber under inverted microscope. Comparison of the percentage of cells viability between the study groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test, complemented by the Scheffé test (α = 5%). Results: At 30 min, all 4 media gave high cell survival rate (over 95%) (p > 0.05). At 1 hour, the cell survival rate in DMEM, milk, and sports drink was higher than physiologic saline (p < 0.05) while at 2 hours and 24 hours, DMEM and milk have a higher percentage of viable cells (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Milk is a favorable storage medium for the viability of periodontal ligament cells, sports drink shows that it can completely replace milk when the tooth storage time is not more than 1 hour. Key words: periodontal ligament, storage media, tooth avulsion

An In Vitro Evaluation of Ice Apple as a Novel Storage Medium to Preserve the Viability of Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts.

For a better prognosis of an avulsed tooth, it is important to store it in an appropriate storage medium prior to replantation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of ice apples to preserve the viability of periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts. Periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts were procured from the roots of healthy premolars and cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM). They were preserved with-ice apple water (IAW), 30 and 10% ice apple fruit pulp extract (IAFPE), DMEM, negative control without any agent, and positive control DMEM supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS). Culture plates were incubated with investigational media at 37°C for 1, 3, and 24 hours. Each experiment was repeated thrice. Assessment of cell viability was done using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide tetrazolium reduction (MTT) assay. After every test period, storage media was removed; 60 µL of MTT solution was added to each well and incubated for 3 hours at 37°C. The supernatant was aspirated and the formazan blue crystals formed were solubilized using dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) (100 µL). Optical density was measured at a wavelength of 490 nm. The effects of the test storage media at each time period were evaluated by a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, and this was followed by post hoc Tukey's multiple comparison tests (p < 0.05). A total of 10% IAFPE demonstrated the maximum capacity to maintain PDL cell viability in all three test periods (p = 0.001). Among the different forms of ice apple used in this study, IAFPE showed better results as compared to IAW (p = 0.001). Ice apple fruit pulp extract (IAFPE) at 10% concentration showed the maximum capacity to maintain PDL cell viability across all three test periods. Therefore, it can be considered a suitable alternative natural storage medium for avulsed teeth. However, further, more detailed studies are required in this field. Bijlani S, Shanbhog RS. An In Vitro Evaluation of Ice Apple as a Novel Storage Medium to Preserve the Viability of Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(6):699-703.

An anaphylactic replantation: milk allergy, tooth avulsion and appropriate storage media

Cow's milk is considered one of the gold standard storage media for avulsed teeth, and it is readily available. However, with the high prevalence of allergy to this milk, there is a potential danger of anaphylaxis when used as a storage medium. Its use and that of alternative storage media is discussed. CPD/Clinical Relevance: There is a potential for anaphylaxis when cow's milk is used as a storage medium for an avulsed tooth.

Evaluation of delphinidin as a storage medium for avulsed teeth

BackgroundDelphinidin (DP), an anthocyanidin found in blueberries, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of DP as a storage medium for avulsed teeth.MethodsHuman periodontal ligament cells were cultured and exposed to DP solution (10, 50, and 100 μM), Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium, Hank’s balanced salt solution and tap water. Cell counting kit-8 assays were performed after 0.5, 1, 6, and 24 h to measure the cell viability. Nitric oxide assays and gelatin zymography were performed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of DP. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines.ResultsThe viability of periodontal ligament cells was greatest at 100 μM DP. At 1 h, 100 μM DP decreased nitric oxide synthesis (p < .0167). Matrix metallopeptidase-9 activity was inhibited by DP in a dose-dependent manner (p < .0167). Moreover, treatment with 100 μM DP decreased the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8 in periodontal ligament cells (p < .0167).ConclusionsWithin the limits of this study, DP preserved the viability and suppressed the inflammatory response of periodontal ligament cells. These findings suggest that DP could be promising for preservation of avulsed teeth.

Recent Advances in Transport Medium for Avulsed Tooth

Avulsion is one of the most severe types of traumatic injuries seen during childhood and adolescence. Apart from physical trauma, it also causes psychological trauma to the affected child. Immediate replantation is very essential for the long-term survival of teeth. However, when immediate replantation cannot be accomplished, the medium in which the tooth is stored becomes very important. The life of the avulsed tooth may be extended by the prevention of desiccation of periodontal ligament fibers by the usage of appropriate storage media. The choice of an ideal storage medium is essential for maximum preservation of traumatized periodontal ligament fibers of avulsed teeth; this also decides the success of the replanted tooth and long-term prognosis. A number of natural and synthetic storage mediums have been studied till date. This review discusses some recent additions in storage media for avulsed teeth. It reviews the characteristics of some less discussed storage media, which would help us to increase awareness among the health-care workers and broaden their horizon. This would, in turn, help them in reducing extraoral dry time of the avulsed tooth in case of emergencies. This review mainly focuses on less commonly discussed storage media for avulsed teeth and the effect of different properties of these media on their efficacy.

Propolis and Its Implications in Dentistry: A Review

Propolis is a resinous substance obtained from the beehives that has antioxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory activity. Its diverse chemical content is responsible for many valuable properties. Multiple applications of propolis have been studied and described in detail for centuries. Propolis has been used for surgical wound healing, caries prevention, treatment of dentin hypersensitivity, treatment of aphthous ulcers and propolis as a storage medium for avulsed teeth, root canal irrigating solution, and mouthwash. This paper aims to indicate the uses of Propolis in various fields of dentistry. Keywords: Dentistry, Propolis, Oral health.

Implications of the use of Strontium Ranelate (SRAN) in periodontics, dental implantology, oral surgery, orthodontics and endodontics and its possibility of application as storage media for avulsed teeth

Dental avulsion is still public health problem and tooth replantation has important unsuccess rates due to root resorption. Strontium ranelate (SRAN) presents antiresorptive property on the bone tissue and stimulates bone formation. So we aimed to comprehensively review the literature to 1- understand the mechanism of action of SRAN regarding to its propaedeutic in periodontics, dental implantology, oral surgery, orthodontics and endodontics, 2- present the current scientific knowledge about the SRAN efficiency on tooth avulsion; 3- observe fails and gaps in the literature and open up for unexplored ideas for SRAN uses and applications. An electronic search was performed crossing the key words ‘strontium ranelate’, ‘periodontics’, ‘dental implantology’, ‘oral surgery’, ‘orthodontics’ and ‘endodontics’, PubMed/Medline, Lilacs and BBO electronic databases were searched for research articles, reviews of literature, animal laboratory studies and laboratory studies, which had been published in English until July 2020. Twenty-five articles fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The available literature demonstrates that SRAN provides a really better propaedeutic on the bone tissue and that the topical applications show a lower risk of side effects. That open up new perspectives and for the use of SRAN as a potential storage media for avulsed teeth.

Knowledge and awareness of school teachers regarding emergency management of dental trauma in school children of Navi Mumbai.

Dental trauma is a serious oral health problem that can impair function and aesthetics, which affects the overall quality of life in children. The aim of the present study was to identify the level of knowledge and awareness of school teachers regarding emergency management of dental trauma in school children of Navi Mumbai. The second objective was to correlate it with demographic characteristics and evaluate the need for oral health education programs for teachers. The present study is a cross-sectional survey and involved the completion of a self-administered anonymous questionnaire by teachers. A total of 559 school teachers of primary and secondary sections completed the questionnaire comprising 19 questions. These included demographic data, knowledge regarding teeth most frequently affected by trauma, immediate action to be taken, awareness about storage media and the use of mouth guards. The questionnaire also assessed the willingness of teachers to participate in future training programs on dental trauma management. Data were statistically analysed using Chi-square test for any correlation. Among 559 school teachers who completed the questionnaire, 75.3% were females and 24.7% were males. Merely 6.6% of them agreed to have received prior training in dental trauma management. The majority of teachers (87.5%) were willing to attend training programs on dental trauma management. The knowledge and awareness of school teachers about dental trauma management and storage media for avulsed teeth is poor. Overall, they have a fair knowledge of dental trauma management in school children.

Evaluation of conditioned medium from placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells as a storage medium for avulsed teeth: An in vitro study.

The viability of periodontal ligament cells on the root surface is a major factor that influences the healing of replanted teeth. A suitable storage medium is necessary to preserve avulsed teeth before replantation. Conditioned medium from placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PMSC-CM) contains a variety of growth factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of PMSC-CM as a storage medium to maintain the cell viability of avulsed teeth. Extracted premolars from healthy humans were randomly stored in Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) and PMSC-CM for 6, 12 and 24hours, respectively, at room temperature, and then the ratio of apoptosis of the periodontal ligament (PDL) cells was identified by flow cytometry. Human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) were incubated with HBSS and PMSC-CM, respectively, for 6, 12, 24 and 48hours in 5% CO2 at 37°C. Then, the cell viability of PDLSCs was determined using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and a cell cycle assay was performed. The apoptosis rate of PDL cells in PMSC-CM was significantly lower than that in HBSS at 24hours (P<.001), while the two groups showed similar cell apoptosis rates at 6 and 12hours (P>.05). The cell proliferation of PDLSCs treated with PMSC-CM significantly increased compared with the HBSS group (P<.05). The cell cycle assay revealed that the PDLSCs treated with HBSS were arrested at the G1 phase, while there was no difference between the PMSC-CM group and the control group (P>.05). Compared with HBSS, PMSC-CM showed better inhibition of apoptosis of PDL cells and promoted the proliferation of PDLSCs. Thus, PMSC-CM could be a promising storage medium for avulsed teeth.

Awareness of Caregivers, Emergency Medical Technicians, and Emergency Medical Doctors about the Storage Media for Avulsed Teeth

The aim of this study was to assess the awareness of caregivers, emergency medical technicians, and emergency medical doctors by investigating the storage media for avulsed teeth at the trauma site. This study was performed by reviewing medical records of 183 patients with the age under 17 years old, who visited Ajou University Hospital for dental trauma. Based on their medical records, storage media for avulsed permanent teeth were investigated by classifying them as dry, milk, saline, saliva and tap water. The storage media chosen by caregivers at the trauma site were classified as cases by parents and school nurse teachers. Storage media chosen by emergency medical technicians and emergency medical doctors were also investigated using the same classification criteria. The results show that both parents and school nurse teachers used milk the most as a storage medium for avulsed teeth. Dry storage was the second most chosen medium by parents, and saline by nurse teacher. As a storage media emergency medical technicians used saline the most, while emergency medical doctors used only saline when they failed to replant avulsed teeth. There is a need to improve the knowledge of caregivers, emergency medical technicians, and emergency medical doctors regarding the storage media for avulsed teeth.

Awareness among the Public and Pharmacists on Storage Media for Avulsed Tooth and the Availability of the Same in Pharmacies of a Metropolitan City in India - A Survey

It's always important to save and preserve the natural tooth rather than fix a replacement for it. The aim of the study was to assess the awareness of transport media for avulsed teeth among public and pharmacists, and the availability of the same in pharmacies in a metropolitan city in India. Two separate structured questionnaires consisting of demographic details, and questions to assess the knowledge and attitude of the general public and the pharmacies were distributed. From the study it was elicited that the awareness among the general public as well as the pharmacists regarding transport media for avulsed teeth is inadequate. In most of the pharmacies the transport media for avulsed teeth was not available and the awareness among the pharmacists regarding the same was found to be inadequate.Within the limits of the study, it was found that inadequate availability and lack of awareness regarding transport media for avulsed teeth was noticed.

Survival of human periodontal ligament fibroblast cells in Cornisol and HBSS for transportation of avulsed teeth: a comparative ex vivo study

Objective Viability of periodontal ligament fibroblast cells (PDFC) is one of the key factors in determining the success of replantation of avulsed teeth. Extra-oral time and transport media are closely related to the same. The present study aims to evaluate and compare the efficiency of Cornisol, Hank’s balanced salt solution (HBSS) and normal saline in preserving the viability of PDFC. Materials and methods The human PDFC were isolated from primary culture from freshly extracted human premolars. Effect of Cornisol, HBSS and normal saline on viability of isolated PDFC was assessed using standard MTT assay. The cells were exposed to the experimental solutions (Cornisol/HBSS/normal saline) for varying time points (30 min, 1 h, 24 h, 48 h and 96 h) and viability was determined by colorimetric MTT method by quantifying the amount of formazan crystal formed (optical density). Experiment was performed in triplicates and the data were subjected to statistical analysis. Results Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni’s test with a significance level of p value ≤.05. Cornisol ≥ HBSS > saline. Conclusion Cornisol can be used as a storage media for avulsed teeth and is significantly more effective than HBSS in maintaining the periodontal ligament cell viability at tested time intervals.

Comparative evaluation of behaviors of three naturally occurring products, namely propolis, milk, and egg albumin when used as storage media in extracted teeth for orthodontic purpose

Background: The reasonably successful prognosis in retaining avulsed tooth in its respective position depends on the maintenance of the viability of the periodontal ligament (PDL) cells during the replantation procedure. Various synthetic media have been tried for preserving the viability of PDL cells with considerable success. However, easy availability of these media had been a problem at various occasions. Hence, an attempt was made to test the properties of easily available natural products such as Propolis, milk, and egg albumin. Aim: This study was aimed at comparing the behaviors of three naturally available media, namely propolis, milk, and egg albumin when used as the storage media in preserving the viability of traumatized periodontal cells in an avulsed tooth. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 premolars with closed root apices indicated for the extractions for orthodontic treatment were selected. Initially, these teeth in the experimental group were stored dry immediately after the extraction for 30 minutes, and then, immersed in the respective storage media for 45 minutes. The teeth in the positive control group were assessed immediately after the extraction, whereas the negative control teeth were bench dried for 8 hrs. All the five group samples were then incubated with collagenase and phosphate-buffered saline for 30 minutes, centrifuged and labeled with 0.5% trypan blue for the determination of cell viability. The cells were counted under the light microscope. The statistical analysis was carried out by applying the unpaired t-test. Results: No statistically significant difference was observed in viable PDL cell counts when compared among propolis, milk, and egg albumin. Conclusions: Propolis, milk, or egg albumin could be a good naturally available storage media for avulsed teeth.