Stop Working Research Articles

Physical injuries related to the practice of physical and sports activities in France: initial results from the 2020 National Survey on Physical and Sports Practices

ABSTRACT The main aims of this study are: 1) to estimate the prevalence of sports-related physical injuries in France, as well as the frequency of seeking medical treatment (by a doctor) and of stopping work or school following an accident, and 2) to identify the associated risk factors. Data from the 2020 National Survey on Physical and Sports Practices are used for these purposes. Results show that the significantly associated factors are of a sociodemographic, sporting and motivational nature. In addition to the traditional factors (gender, age, frequency of practice, multi-practice, commitment to sport), this contribution reveals the importance of the state of health as a potential risk factor in the likelihood of experiencing injury. In the same way, the authors show that supervised practice is a factor that increases the risk of accidents as much as the risk of seeking medical treatment. Finally, social class seems to influence the use of time off work.

Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension Pathophysiology and Contemporary Management Strategies: A Narrative Review.

In the case of PIH, the history is the story of gradually developing awareness and the gradual formation of requisite knowledge. The development of the sphygmomanometer, or blood pressure cuff, in the late 1700s, provided the basis for modern systematic blood pressure reporting for Gravid patients. In the following years and over a few decades, the relationship between high blood pressure and these complications, such as preeclampsia and eclampsia, became clearer. The hypertensive disease was categorized by the American Committee on Maternal Welfare in 1952, which included PIH, chronic hypertension, and preeclampsia. Today, attention is being paid to the identification of such factors, the search for ways to enhance the treatment of diseases, methods for their diagnosis, and the enhancement of pregnancy outcomes. Pregnancy can cause high blood pressure in two of the following ways: preeclampsia and gestational hypertension. These conditions are both part of something called pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). In the world, most problems for moms and babies during pregnancy come from PIH. To help both mom and baby, we need to know a lot about what causes it, how to manage it, and how to watch the baby carefully. Aspects like immune responses, the environment, and genes all mix to cause PIH. They make the placenta not work right. When the cells that help the placenta grow don't do their job well, when blood vessels are stiff, when there's too much stress on the body, or when there's not a good balance of chemicals that help build blood vessels, things can get bad. Blood vessels all over the body squeeze tight, blood flow goes down, and blood pressure goes up. That can make a lot of organs stop working right and stop the baby from healthy growth. Various studies concluded that PIH severely limits the blood flow to the placenta and thus contributes to reduced fetal growth. It showed that compared to other hospitals, women who experience PIH are more likely to give birth early before the baby is ready, that is, before 37 weeks, and may cause further health complications to the baby. This normally makes the offspring have low birth weight and exposes them to many complications in infancy and the future in case they are born to mothers with PIH. In severe cases, PIH may lead to the death of the infant either by stillbirth or immediately after birth. The researchers have noted several predisposing factors to PIH, which include histories of elevated blood pressure, diabetes, being overweight or obese, and having a family history of PIH. Educating women about the presence of PIH and its causes can help them consult health facilities early, thus helping leaders in achieving better pregnancy results.

Predictors of work inability after acute myocardial infarction in Switzerland

This study aimed to examine whether acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients in Switzerland return to work and identify factors associated therewith. Data of 4315 working-age AMI patients enrolled in the Swiss AMIS Plus registry between 01/2006 and 09/2021 with 1-year follow-up and self-reported work status were analyzed. Patient characteristics were compared between those who did not reduce their work hours, those who reduced, and those who were no longer working 1 year after AMI. Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze independent predictors of working ability. Of the patients, 3204 (74.3%) did not reduce their work hours, 592 (13.7%) reduced and 519 (12.0%) were no longer working 1 year after AMI. Women were more likely to reduce or stop working. Patients who did not reduce were more frequently young and male. Multinomial logistic regression showed that work reduction was associated with female sex and a Killip class > 2 at admission whereas stopping work was associated with female sex and comorbidities. A high rate of AMI patients in Switzerland (88%) return to work 1 year after AMI. Approximately 1 in 8 did not return to work and approximately 1 in 7 reduced their work hours. Important factors associated with reducing or no longer working after AMI were female sex, older age and a higher proportion of comorbidities.

The bystander approach to prevention

In 2018, the Australian Human Rights Commission identified that in 40% of sexual harassment cases at least one other person witnessed the incident, and that in most of those incidents (69%), bystanders did not intervene. The oil and gas sector has normalised stop work and intervene as a workplace health and safety practice. What if, as an industry, our workforce was as confident and capable in intervening in harassment as they are when witnessing risks to physical safety? At MATE (Motivating Action Through Empowerment, Griffith University), we believe that change starts with the individual. Our training is based on the idea that not only do we have an opportunity to do the important work around raising the bar on acceptable behaviour, we have a responsibility. It is the work we do at an individual level with our peers that has a ripple effect on the people within our sphere of influence and ultimately makes the difference. This is the philosophy that underpins our approach to creating respectful workplaces. We help to develop effective leaders who have the tools to action change within our workplaces and our greater community. Since 2022, TechnipFMC Australia’s STRIVE (Supporting TechnipFMC to Reach Its Vision of Equity) team has been working closely with MATE to roll out a training package to its workforce, building an understanding of the role of the bystander in creating a safe and respectful workplace. The content will explore the benefits of active bystander behaviour, why TechnipFMC sees value in investing in the program and the impact of the program post-session.

دور التنبؤ بالأزمات في تفادي المعوقات والمخاطر في المنشآت الصغيرة والمتوسطة في حي الروضة المملكة العربية السعودية

Crisis forecasting is one of the important sciences in management sciences, especially within the scope of small and medium enterprises, because it is more affected than others as a result of their limited financial, administrative and human capabilities. Given this importance, this study aimed to measure the role of crisis forecasting in avoiding obstacles and risks for small and medium enterprises in... Al Rawdah District - Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In order for the researcher to be able to verify the study hypotheses and achieve its objectives, she followed the descriptive analytical approach, in its social survey style. She also relied in her study on the questionnaire, which was built via the Google Drive forms application for the purpose of sending it via an electronic link to a sample. An amount of 178 individuals are owners and managers of these establishments. The researcher also used the SPSS application to conduct statistical tests to ensure the integrity of the questionnaire, as well as to calculate the impact and statistical differences. The study concluded: - There is a statistically significant role at the significance level of 0.05 for predicting crises and avoiding obstacles and risks. - There are no statistically significant differences at the significance level of 0.05 between the averages of the sample’s answers, whether regarding predicting crises, or avoiding obstacles and risks, which is attributed to the personal variables of the study. The study also presented many recommendations, most notably: Small and medium enterprises in the Qassim region must prepare a reserve staff to avoid their staff from stopping work, in order to ensure business continuity in the event that workers stop working.

OA06 Regional differences in work productivity in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis in England and Wales

Abstract Background/Aims Inflammatory arthritis including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) causes significant work disability. Rapid diagnosis and early intervention can reduce the impact of disease. We have previously shown significant regional variation in care delivery. In this study we aim to study regional variation in work outcomes in early RA in England and Wales. Methods We used data from the UK National Early Inflammatory Arthritis Audit between April 2018 and March 2023 to identify patients with early-onset RA in England and Wales. At diagnosis, clinicians collected information on demographics and disease activity. Participants were invited to complete work outcome questionnaires at baseline and 3 months. Our analysis was restricted to patients with work data available at 3 months. The primary outcome was discontinuation of work due to arthritis. Patient characteristics were tabulated by region. Regression models (adjusted for age and gender) examined the associations between work discontinuation and region. Clustered standard errors were estimated to account for within-Trust correlations. Sensitivity models further explored the effects of deprivation and treatment delay. Results A total of 3,730 patients with confirmed RA provided work data. Mean age was 67, 62.3% were female and 7.8% from minority ethnic backgrounds. 14% were current smokers and 55.6% had one or more comorbidities. Median baseline DAS28 was 5.2 (IQR: 4.2-6.1). 363/3730 (10%) had stopped work due to RA by 3 months. 534/3,730 (14%) stopped work for any reason. In regression analysis, significant regional differences were seen in the odds of stopping work due to RA. The Midlands was the largest regional contributor of data and was used as the reference group. Patients from Northwest England were most likely to stop work by 3 months (age- and gender-adjusted OR 1.59, [95% CI 1.13-2.25]) with Midlands patients least likely. Sensitivity analysis showed that deprivation and treatment delay only partially attenuate the association between region and work outcome (OR for Northwest 1.57 [1.06-2.33]). Conclusion There is evidence of regional variation in the impact of new onset RA on work participation. Our analyses suggest that the associations are only partly explained by regional differences in care delivery or deprivation. Other factors such as job type and access to occupational health support warrant further investigation. Disclosure E. Alveyn: Other; Educational support from UCB. M. Adas: None. I. Sahbudin: None. A. Boonen: None. K. Bechman: Honoraria; UCB, Vifor Pharma. M.D. Russell: Honoraria; Abbvie, BioGen, Lilly, Galapagos, Menarini. Other; Educational grants from Lilly, Janssen, Pfizer, UCB. D. Nagra: Honoraria; Abbvie, Galapagos, Lilly. Other; Educational support from UCB. S. Gallagher: None. E. Price: None. K. Walker-Bone: None. S. Norton: None. J. Galloway: Honoraria; AbbVie, Celgene, Chugai, Gilead, Janssen, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Roche and UCB.

Women Who Stopped Working Due to Their Husband’s Opposition in Egypt

Abstract This paper investigates a neglected reason underlying the low female labor participation rates in Egypt: husbands’ opposition. We find that opposition falls with increasing levels of educational attainment and chronological age of the husband. Age at first marriage, religious affiliation, wealth, and the extent to which a husband upholds traditional views regarding the participation of women in the labor market and gender equality in general were not significant. We also report an inverse relationship between the likelihood of husband’s opposition and the number of children in the household, which suggests that financial considerations may outstrip normative considerations.

Influence des antécédents anxiodépressifs sur la reprise des activités professionnelles et sportives, après réparation de la coiffe des rotateurs

Introduction: After rotator cuff repair (RCR), return to work and return to sports is affected by various psychosocial factors. The role of one of these factors—mood and anxiety disorders (MAD)—is still not clear. The primary objective of this study was to determine the influence of prior MAD on the return to work and return to sports after RCR. Our hypothesis was that patients with a history of MAD would take longer to return to work and to sports after RCR, and the rate of return would be lower, than for patients without MAD.Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective single-center study of patients who underwent arthroscopic RCR (distal supraspinatus tear). Patients who were employed and those who participated in sports before the surgery were included in the “working” and “sports” groups, respectively. The primary outcomes were the time to return to work and return to sports after surgery. The secondary outcomes were the ratio of patients returning to work and to sports at 3, 6 and 12 months; rate of return to same level of sports; need to change or stop working or sports. The effects of prior MAD on these various outcomes were determined using Bayesian multivariate analysis.Results: The “working” group consisted of 158 patients (of which 16.5% had MAD) and the “sports” group consisted of 118 patients (of which 17.8% had MAD). In those with a history of MAD, return to work was 21 ± 11 weeks later and the return to sports was 17 ± 8 weeks later than in those without MAD. There was a 98% probability that return to work or return to sports was delayed by at least 4 weeks in patients with history of MAD. The likelihood that patients with prior MAD who undergo RCR will completely abandon their sport was 2.8 times higher (OR = 2.8 [1; 7.8]).Conclusion: We found a negative influence of prior MAD on the return to work and return to sports after RCR.Level of evidence: III; Retrospective case-control study.

History of mood and anxiety disorders affects return to work and return to sports after rotator cuff repair

IntroductionAfter rotator cuff repair (RCR), return to work and return to sports is affected by various psychosocial factors. The role of one of these factors – mood and anxiety disorders (MAD) – is still not clear. The primary objective of this study was to determine the influence of prior MAD on the return to work and return to sports after RCR. Our hypothesis was that patients with a history of MAD would take longer to return to work and to sports after RCR, and the rate of return would be lower, than for patients without MAD. Materials and methodsThis was a retrospective single-center study of patients who underwent arthroscopic RCR (distal supraspinatus tear). Patients who were employed and those who participated in sports before the surgery were included in the “working” and “sports” groups, respectively. The primary outcomes were the time to return to work and return to sports after surgery. The secondary outcomes were the ratio of patients returning to work and to sports at 3, 6 and 12 months; rate of return to same level of sports; need to change or stop working or sports. The effects of prior MAD on these various outcomes were determined using Bayesian multivariate analysis. ResultsThe “working” group consisted of 158 patients (of which 16.5% had MAD) and the “sports” group consisted of 118 patients (of which 17.8% had MAD). In those with a history of MAD, return to work was 21±11 weeks later and the return to sports was 17±8 weeks later than in those without MAD. There was a 98% probability that return to work or return to sports was delayed by at least 4 weeks in patients with history of MAD. The likelihood that patients with prior MAD who undergo RCR will completely abandon their sport was 2.8 times higher (OR=2.8 [1; 7.8]). ConclusionWe found a negative influence of prior MAD on the return to work and return to sports after RCR. Level of evidenceIII; retrospective case-control study.

P1100 A multivariate time-dependent proportional hazard model to predict development of intestinal failure from Crohn’s Disease

Abstract Background Intestinal Failure (IF) is a rare but severe complication of Crohn’s disease (CD). Advancement in therapy has not eliminated incident IF from CD (CDIF), and risk factors for developing IF from CD are not well characterised. The Copenhagen Intestinal Failure Database contains one of the largest, comprehensively described adult CDIF cohort1 from 1973 to 2018, which can be linked with a Danish nationwide CD cohort2 to explore healthcare utilisation patterns associated with developing IF from onset of CD. Methods CDIF patients from Copenhagen Intestinal Failure Database and a nationwide CD cohort without IF were followed from CD diagnosis until IF, death, or censoring on 31/12/2018. Hospital contacts, surgeries, medication use and employment status were extracted from multiple Danish population-based registries. Unplanned hospitalisation or emergency department attendance (inpatient-contact), CD-related abdominal surgery, and stopping work for 6 months or more (in working-age CD patients, excluding full-time study and parental leave) were considered time-dependent covariates and tested for significance (p<0.05) in univariate proportional hazard models. Significant covariates were then modelled together with additional non-time-dependent clinical and demographic variables in multivariate proportional hazard models. Backward variable selection was performed to derive a final predictive model. Results 175 CDIF and 22845 CD patients from whom data was available were followed for 2283.1 and 293536.5 patient-years, respectively. Univariate time-dependent proportional hazard models showed that every instance of unplanned IBD inpatient contact, CD-related abdominal surgery, and stopping work was significantly associated with increased hazard of developing IF, with a hazard ratio of 4.91 (95% CI 3.54-6.80, p<0.001), 29.79 (95% CI 9.70-91.48, p<0.001) and 1.61 (95% CI 1.15-2.26, p=0.005). In multivariate analysis, earlier decade of IBD onset, unplanned IBD inpatient contacts, length of stay of the inpatient contact, CD-related abdominal surgery, complicated surgery, number of previous admissions and surgeries and previous median-long term unemployment increased the rate of developing IF (Table), whereas age and comorbidity level at CD onset, non-IBD inpatient contacts, type of surgery, biologics use, and current employment status were not found to be significantly associated with IF development. Conclusion This is the first study to demonstrate significantly increased risks of developing IF from CD from increased healthcare utilisation patterns.

Investigating the Impact of Prior Criminal Justice Contact on Labor Market Outcomes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Propensity Score Analysis

Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97) and a supplemental COVID sample of NLSY97 respondents, we examined the associations between three measures of criminal justice contact and several indicators of labor market participation during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings indicated that a history of adult criminal justice contact was associated with higher odds of being out of the labor market during the pandemic. However, among those in the workforce, criminal justice contact was also associated with higher odds of stopping work, working reduced hours, experiencing decreased wages, not working from home, and having close contact with others at work. Additional analyses suggest that deeper levels of contact were sometimes associated with worse outcomes.

The social readjustment rating scale: Updated and modernised.

The Social Readjustment Rating Scale, originally devised in 1967 by Holmes and Rahe, measures the impact of life events stress. At the time, the SRRS advanced its field of research by standardising the impact of stress with a set of independently derived weights called 'life change units' (LCUs) for 43 life events found to predict illness onset. The scale has been criticised for being outdated, e.g. "Mortgage over $10,000" and biased, e.g. "Wife begin or stop work". The aim of this cross-sectional survey study is to update and improve the SRRS whilst allowing backwards compatibility. We successfully updated the SRRS norms/LCUs using the ratings of 540 predominantly UK adults aged 18 to 84. Moreover, we also updated wording of 12 SRRS items and evaluated the impact of demographics, personal experience and loneliness. Using non-parametric frequentist and Bayesian statistics we found that the updated weights were higher but broadly consistent with those of the original study. Furthermore, changes to item wording did not affect raters' evaluations relative to the original thereby ensuring cross-comparability with the original SRRS. The raters were not unduly influenced by their personal experiences of events nor loneliness. The target sample was UK rather than US-based and was proportionately representative regarding age, sex and ethnicity. Moreover, the age range was broader than the original SRRS. In addition, we modernised item wording, added one optional extra item to the end of the scale to evaluate the readjustment to living alone and identified 3 potential new items proposed by raters. Backwards-compatibility is maintained.

Design, modeling and experimental research of a multi-mode, fast-response piezoelectric control valve

To realize the precise regulation and fast response of the valve, a piezoelectric control valve with a simple and compact structure, and easy control is proposed. The control valve is divided into the valve core that consists of a sandwich piezoelectric transducer and a valve body. When a single excitation signal is applied to the transducer, the longitudinal vibration mode of the valve core is excited. The valve is opened due to the liner reciprocating motion of the end of the valve core. By adjusting the frequency of the excitation signal, the vibration mode of the transducer is switched between the first three modes of longitudinal vibration, which in turn adjusts the water output of the valve. Compared with the single-mode valve, the piezoelectric control valve has three working modes. Therefore, it has different adjustment precision and range for each mode. First, the electromechanical coupling model of the valve core and the mechanical model of the valve body are established by using the transfer matrix method. By analyzing the dynamic characteristics of the piezoelectric valve, the structure parameters of the valve core and valve body are optimized. Secondly, the prototype of piezoelectric valve is manufactured and assembled, and the validity of the proposed theoretical model is verified by the vibration measurement experiments. Finally, the flow performance and response speed of the piezoelectric valve are measured by experiments. The results show that the maximum pressure of the valve is 1 MPa when the assembly pre-pressure is 983 N. A sinusoidal-signal has the best excitation effect. Under the experimental conditions of sinusoidal excitation, a driving voltage amplitude of 250 V, and pressure of 1 MPa, the optimal driving frequencies of the piezoelectric valve in the first three operating modes are 33.8 kHz, 42.2 kHz, and 83 kHz, and the corresponding maximum flow rates are 3.3 mL/min, 1.15 ml/min, and 0.445 ml/min, respectively. The response performance of the piezoelectric valve is tested, indicating that the prototype can achieve stable operation within 3.5 ms after being powered on, and stop working within 5 ms after being powered off. The piezoelectric valve has good response characteristics and flow control ability, which has potential applications in the field of biomedicine.

Financial Toxicity and Quality of Life in Patients Taking Oral Therapy for Hematologic Malignancies

Background There has been an increase in the use of oral agents for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. Though clinically efficacious and convenient, oral therapies often have higher out-of-pocket cost than intravenous medications due to differences in insurance coverage. High financial burden and sequelae thereof, known as financial toxicity (FT), can negatively impact patient mood, adherence, quality of life (QoL), and outcomes. We present cross-sectional data from a longitudinal survey to evaluate the economic, psychosocial, and QoL impact of oral anti-cancer medications (OAMs) in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. Methods We used database query to identify patients at a midwestern, tertiary care, academic medical center who were 18 years or older and were prescribed Enasidenib, Ivosidenib, Venetoclax, Gilteritinib, Midostaurin, Ibrutinib, Acalabrutinib, Imatinib, Nilotinib, Ponatinib, Bosutinib, Duvelisib, or Idelalisib within the past 3 months. Chart review confirmed medication initiation within the past 3 months for a diagnosis of MDS, AML, CML, ALL, CLL, HL, or NHL. Patients were recruited by phone and consented by email. Consenting patients were sent an 85-item online survey assessing sociodemographic information, treatment-related information, and validated surveys, including the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT-G7) and Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity (COST) questionnaires. Participants received a follow-up survey 3 months after completing the initial survey. Statistical analysis was performed with GraphPad Prism 9 by Spearman's rank correlation, Mann-Whitney U test, or Kruskal-Wallis H test as appropriate. Results Between November 2021 and April 2023, 528 patients were identified, of whom 152 were eligible for participation and 28 consented and completed the initial survey (18.4%). Demographics are reported in Table 1. The group was predominantly male (64.3%), white (92.9%), married (78.6%), college-educated (64.3%), and financially stable (50% with annual income over $100,000). In the six months prior to diagnosis, 57.1% of participants were working full time and 35.7% were retired. At the time of survey completion, 25% were working full time, 50% were retired, and 14.3% were disabled or unable to work due to health. All participants were insured (60.7% Medicare, 35.7% private insurance). All participants on Medicare had Part A and B coverage, and 82.4% had Part D coverage. All but 1 participant had prescription drug coverage. AML (32.1%), CLL (25%), and CML (17.9%) were the most common diagnoses. Venetoclax (46.6%) was the most common OAM. Results are summarized in Table 2. Those with a history of depression or anxiety had no difference in financial stress, experiencing cancer as a financial hardship, QoL satisfaction, or bother from side effects (SE) as those without such history. Income was inversely associated with identifying cancer as a financial hardship (rs -0.485; 95% CI, -0.732 to -0.125) and with pain (rs -0.389; 95% CI, -0.678 to -0.007). Income had no correlation with QoL satisfaction or bother from SE. Insurance coverage had no association with financial stress, seeing cancer as a financial hardship, QoL satisfaction, or bother from SE. Those disabled or unable to work felt more financial stress than those who were retired (P=0.018). They also saw cancer as more of a financial hardship than those who either worked full time or were retired (P=0.005). Those who had a family member stop working or reduce work hours had lower income (P=0.009), greater financial stress (P=0.015), worse QoL satisfaction (P=0.013), and increased bother from SE (P=0.017) than those who did not. Financial stress was negatively associated with QoL satisfaction (rs -0.552; 95% CI, -0.775 to -0.206) and positively associated with bother from SE (rs 0.469; 95% CI, 0.105 to 0.772). Experiencing cancer as a financial hardship was negatively associated with QoL satisfaction (rs -0.517; 95% CI, -0.755 to -0.159). Conclusions In this well-resourced cohort taking OAMs to treat hematologic malignancies, there were multiple indicators of FT. Patient or family loss of employment was notably associated with financial stress and hardship. Financial stress and hardship were associated with worse satisfaction with QoL and worse experience of SE. Further study should define change in these features over time and interventions to mitigate distress.

Environmental approach to ensuring the security of modern enterprises

The development of integration processes and globalization requires an increase in enterprises' level of security. It becomes a necessary condition for their functioning. Issues related to the environmental and economic security of enterprises become relevant in modern conditions of rapid development of production and foreign economic relations and require further research not only at the level of the country but also at the level of regions and enterprises. Therefore, for enterprises, an essential point in their work is ensuring environmental safety without negatively impacting economic safety. Ensuring the enterprise's economic security is always important because it determines its ability to be stable on the market and flexible. Suppose the enterprise needs to pay attention to measures to counter environmental threats. In that case, it may lead to significant financial losses and even stop work. It is emphasized that the ecological component of the enterprise's economic security must guarantee the society's safety from business entities carrying out industrial and commercial activities. For this purpose, the manufacturer must carefully comply with the national norms of the minimum permissible content of harmful substances entering the environment and the ecological parameters of the manufactured products. It has been proven that enterprises' effective use of natural resources will contribute to producing quality products, increase competitiveness, and, most importantly, be environmentally safe for people's health. It is noted that an essential problem in ensuring control over the management system of the ecological component of safety is the reliability of the reported data of the enterprises' users of natural resources. It emphasized the need to introduce stricter requirements for environmental reporting by enterprises, which should lead to strict compliance with the norms and requirements of legislation in the field of ecology and, therefore, increase the environmental and economic security of the enterprise. Enterprise management is built on a balanced solution to environmental and economic problems, finding the optimal relationship between ensuring environmental safety and the expediency of enterprise activity. Keywords: ecological component, enterprise, safety, environmental economy, resources.

Understanding causal effects of ride-sourcing subsidy: A novel generative adversarial networks approach

Ride-sourcing platforms offer subsidies for drivers to ensure stable supply capacity for on-demand ride services. These subsidies guarantee minimum surges in advance to help drivers plan to drive, thus more efficiently coping with the spatial–temporal imbalance between supply and demand than surge wage. Understanding the causal effects of ride-sourcing subsidy is a prerequisite for precision targeting when deploying driver promotion activities. We propose a novel generative adversarial networks based model GANIRC to estimate the individual treatment effect (ITE) of ride-sourcing subsidy on drivers' online time. It captures counterfactual distributions via adversarial learning and generates individual response curves (IRCs) in the form of neural networks. The generator acts as a metafunction of responses, and the analytical constraints of IRCs are relaxed. Wasserstein distance is adopted to measure the closeness between counterfactual and factual distributions, and improve the stability of the minimax game between the generator and discriminator. In addition to the theoretical proof that our model approximately minimizes the upper bound on the ITE estimation error, the model performance is verified by leveraging ride-sourcing subsidy activity data in four cities with varying scales. Results show that our proposed model can generate accurate counterfactual distributions based on limited observational data. In the case study of the four cities, the drivers with neoclassical behavior, who increase working time with income, dominate in the ride-sourcing market, and inactive drivers respond more positively to subsidies than active drivers. Very few drivers in large cities are identified to have income-targeting behavior, who have income targets and stop working when reaching these targets. Our study reconciles the controversy of whether neoclassical theory or income-targeting theory is appropriate for ride-sourcing drivers, and has practical implications for understanding behavior and optimizing ride-sourcing operations.

Experimental investigation for fault diagnosis of a single stage worm gearbox using response surface methodology

Gearbox transmission system is a fundamental factor in the industrial applications. If gearbox stop working due to different faults, it may break normal machine operation and cause a production loss. This research paper focused on fault analysis of combination of worm wheel and bearing by using root mean square (RMS) and response surface method (RSM). Faults considered on outer race and inner race of worm wheel bearing, on worm wheel tooth. These faults and load were considered as an important independent factor to understand their effects on RMS response of worm gearbox. Worm gearbox experimental setup is for laboratory experimentation and RSM for analysis. Twenty-seven experimental trial conducted for three level of parameters based on design of experiment (DOE). Vibration based response measured in frequency domain and root mean square parameter extracted for the fault analysis. Box behnken design RSM is implemented to investigate independent parameters effect on output parameter i.e. RMS. The result shows that effect of faulty inner race bearing is more on worm wheel as compared to faulty outer race bearing and fault parameter influence RMS than load parameter.

Analisis Penyelesaian Perselisihan Hubungan Industrial (PHI) secara Litigasi maupun Non-Litigasi

Industrial relations disputes (PHI) are of great concern to the public. In principle, disputes can be resolved by the parties themselves or third parties. One of the industrial relations disputes is a strike. A Work Strike is a planned strike and industrial action carried out to stop or slow down work. This dispute will cause a decrease in company productivity, therefore it is necessary to resolve it so that company activities return to normal. Writing this paper uses the literature review method by browsing literature online consisting of theses, journals and books, relating to the resolution of industrial relations disputes. The result of this paper is that PHI is divided into two types, namely disputes of interest and disputes of rights. PHI resolution must be truly objective and fair. Settlement of PHI can be done in court or outside State court. Cassation is the cancellation of a lower court decision, a decision made on the basis of errors and omissions in the Supreme Court's decision. A work strike is an example of PHI. Striking workers must be warned, must not violate the law, and conditions must be met.

Trajectories of Informal and Formal Social Participation After Retirement

Abstract Literature suggests that on average, social participation declines after retirement. However, there likely remains substantial variability in individual experiences. We rely on seven waves of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging to identify contrasting social participation trajectories of individuals 45 years and older after leaving work, and their individual-level correlates. Informal and formal social participation were measured through self-reported frequencies of meeting a friend and attending a group respectively. Group-based trajectory modeling delineated heterogeneous changes over time and multinomial logit regressions estimated individual-level correlates of the trajectories. While a minority of respondents experienced trajectories of decreasing social participation (6%–12%), a majority exhibited stable trajectories (79%–81%), and some even experienced increasing participation (7%–8%). There was also a U-shaped trajectory of decline and recovery in formal social participation (7%). Our findings challenge the belief that disengagement is the norm and illustrate the heterogeneous experiences of social participation after retirement. Returning to work, vs. stopping work for an extended period, was associated with favorable trajectories, pointing to the strong connection between work and social participation, and the potential for interventions that promote bridge employment and lifelong learning. Interestingly, the high stable trajectory of informal participation was associated with certain factors that may be considered vulnerabilities, such as being older, female, single, living in non-metropolitan regions, and retiring from irregular work. This highlights the possibility that despite facing challenges, older adults can aspire towards high social participation.

Selection, socialization, and risk preferences in the finance industry: Longitudinal evidence for German finance professionals

The financial sector plays a crucial role in society. Consequently, prior research has examined the preferences of professionals working in finance. However, these studies have tended to be cross-sectional and have neglected the dynamic roles played by (self-)selection and socialization. This paper uses longitudinal data from Germany to examine how individuals’ financial risk preferences affect their likelihood of starting and stopping work as a finance professional. Additionally, this work studies how socialization in the finance industry affects financial risk preferences. Our results indicate that individuals who are more risk tolerant are more likely to enter the finance industry, but their risk preferences do not affect their likelihood of exiting the industry. Furthermore, socialization in the finance industry does not appear to significantly strengthen finance professionals’ financial risk preferences. We conclude that the average financial risk preferences of finance professionals are mostly shaped by individuals entering the industry. As such, policies aimed at changing risk preferences in the finance industry should be targeted at recruitment, at least in Germany. This study has important practical implications for the finance industry, as it suggests that recruitment policies can play a crucial role in shaping the risk preferences of finance professionals.