Stone Dust Research Articles

Assessing the Usage of Barytes Powder and Cuddapah Stone Dust as Supplementary Cementitious Materials in Concrete of Grade M30 and M35

This research studied the effects of using Barytes powder and Cuddapah stone waste as substitutes for cement in M30 and M35 grade concrete using OPC. Cement production is known to harm the environment and consume a lot of energy, making the search for alternative materials to replace cement in concrete important.In this study, different amounts of Barytes powder and Cuddapah stone waste were added to concrete mixes as partial replacements for cement. The resulting concrete was tested for compressive strength and compared to normal concrete. The experiment involved making concrete samples with varying percentages of cement replacement, ranging from 0% to 50%, using Barytes powder, Cuddapah stone waste and Combination. The samples underwent standard curing and testing according to Indian standards.The research analysed the results to find the optimum percentage of cement replacement that provided satisfactory mechanical properties. This study determined the feasibility and effectiveness of using Barytes powder and Cuddapah stone waste as partial replacements for cement in concrete production.

Development of the Polyester / Kota Stone Dust Composite and their Characterization

Development of the Polyester / Kota Stone Dust Composite and their Characterization

Study on the Reuse of Biochar as a Supplement of Stone Dust in Asphalt Mix

Study on the Reuse of Biochar as a Supplement of Stone Dust in Asphalt Mix

Mechanical investigation of alkali-activated prefabricated sustainable wall panels using ashes and stone dust

There is an increasing trend for the development of sustainable structural elements. Because of the massive scale, sustainable materials, methods, and practices can make a significant difference in the construction industry. This research uses locally available wastes like bagasse ash, fly ash, and stone dust along with silty clay for the development of versatile prefabricated wall panels. The goal is to find an optimized design of wall panels based on strength, weight, and cost. 20 panels were cast by varying three material compositions and two Na2SiO3/NaOH (SS/SH) ratios. The results show that wall panels have adequate strength to take care of the flexural and axial loading for houses. Based on weight /density clay-based panels are 5.7 % and stone dust-based panels are 5 % lighter than cement-based panels. The stone dust-based ferrocement geopolymer panel with a 1.5 SS/SH ratio has attained an ultimate load of 125 kN, which is close to the cement-based ferrocement panel load of 136 kN. The material cost of GPC wall panels is nearly similar to a brick masonry wall. However, in the case of cement panels, the cost is 47 % less than that of the brick masonry wall. At the same time, cement panels can have an adverse impact on the environment, firstly by reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and secondly by utilization of waste ashes damaging the environment.

Direct in-scope suction: an in vitro evaluation of a single use flexible ureteroscope with integrated suction capability.

To evaluate the stone clearance rate and limitations of a novel integrated suction capability within a single-use flexible ureteroscope according to stone particle size. Varying sized stone particles were created using a stone phantom (Begostone Plus, Bego ©, Lincoln, RI, USA). Particle size ranged as follows: 63-125µm, 125-250µm, 250-500µm, 500µm- 1mm and 1-2mm. These were mixed with Normal saline (0.9%) to mimic in vivo conditions. The suction enabled single-use flexible ureteroscope (Pusen, Zhuhai, China) was used to aspirate stone fragments in three trials. Firstly, aspiration of 5g of each dust range was attempted. Secondly, a direct comparison of the integrated suction to a manual syringe technique was applied to 1g of each size range. Finally, aspiration was applied to 5g of a heterogenous 1:1:1:1:1 mixture. Endoscopic clearance rate (g/min) and number of blockages were recorded. Each challenge was repeated three times. The integrated suction cleared 100% of dust < 250µm. Endoscopic clearance rates were significantly faster than manual aspiration (3.01g/min versus 0.41g/min) for dust between 125 and 250µm (p = 0.008). Complete endoscopic clearance by 180s (without encountering test limiting blockages) was unsuccessful for particles > 250µm. Clearance rates were greatly limited by stone particle size heterogeneity above 250µm, to 0.09g/min. This technology works better in vitro than previously DISS evaluated methods when challenged by stone dust < 250µm. However, this adaptation is significantly challenged in the presence of stone dust particles > 250µm.

Using crushed stone dust as a substitute for fine aggregates in concrete

Generation of waste from mining and high consumption of natural aggregates resulting from civil construction works have significant economic and environmental impacts. Aiming to use the stone dust residue from the rock crushing process, this study experimentally evaluates the use of crushed stone dust as a partial substitute for fine aggregates in concrete with a compressive strength of 30 MPa, thus providing an alternative in civil construction activities. Crushed stone dust was evaluated through physical, chemical, mineralogical, petrographic, and micromorphological characterization tests. The characterization results indicated that the material is classified as medium and fine sand, with 68.2% silicon dioxide and quartz peaks, i.e., similar to natural sand. Axial compression tests were performed on twenty cylindrical specimens with diameters of 100 mm and heights of 200 mm, broken at 28 days. Five of such specimens were made of reference concrete, without stone dust, while fifteen contained concretes with stone dust. In this approach, the percentage of stone dust in the concrete specimens ranged between 20%, 50%, and 100%, and compressive strength was kept constant at 30 MPa, with five cylinders with stone dust for each percentage of sand replacement. The results show the contribution of stone dust to the mechanical behavior of the concrete specimens, which corroborate the possibility of applying it as a substitute for fine aggregates, as compressive strength was higher in the concrete specimens with 20% and 50% stone dust compared to the reference concrete.

Characteristics of the Warm Mix Asphalt with Emulsion as Additives in Engineering

The technology known as Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA), just unveiled in Europe, is becoming increasingly popular across the globe. By lowering the bitumen binder's viscosity, this cuttingedge technique makes asphalt mixtures more workable at lower temperatures between 30-40°C needed to generate conventional Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA). Reduced pollutants, energy savings, and a less offensive smell result from the lower mixing and compaction temperatures. More studies are necessary to evaluate its long-term performance. Based on MORTH requirements, this study examines the efficacy of bitumen emulsion as an addition in WMA samples of Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) and Dense Bituminous Macadam (DBM) mixtures. The combinations' binder contents varied from 4% to 7% of the aggregate weight. For the DBM and SMA mixes, cement and stone dust were utilized as fillers, and VG 30-grade bitumen was employed as the binder. For SMA and DBM mixtures, the ideal binder contents were determined to be 6.92% and 6.32%, respectively.

Constructing Using Plastic Waste Bricks: A Theory of Waste to Wealth and its Comparative Cost Analysis

Waste in passing, evokes the feeling of negativity, degradation, and unwantedness. It is any substance that is discarded after primary use, or is worthless, defective, and of no use and these includes plastic waste which causes the planet harm and also affecting daily health, productivity. Plastic waste, or plastic pollution, is slow in degrading (taking over 400 years), Therefore, this project aimed at replacing cement with plastic waste in paver blocks to reduce production costs for blocks (as a component of building production) and ensure a cleaner environment. Using the services of scavengers to get waste plastics, Plastics LDPE used were sorted out very carefully and mixed with stone dust aggregate and poured into moles of specific sizes. A design of a sanitary facility was made and the total number of blocks required was estimated for both Paver and Cement. Based on the findings, the study concludes that, Cost efficiency in construction is very possible if we can adopt economically cheaper and locally available building materials like plastic waste materials, that the cost of construction of the same sanitary facility for both male and female, when compared, cost more using plastic waste as against using cement for this study among others. The study recommends that, Mass Collection and Production of Plastic Waste Materials, Public Awareness/ Orientation Programs on the Suitability of Plastic Waste Materials Parver Blocks for Construction, Establishment of Incentive Measures for the Use of Paver Blocks for Construction and Plastic Wastes sorting at Collection Points Incentives in other to join a constructive process of climate effect mitigation.

Compósito à base de polipropileno reciclado para utilização em instalações agrícolas

ABSTRACT This study aims to develop an eco-friendly, recyclable, and cost-effective composite material for use in storage sheds and machine workshops. The new composite consists of stone dust and gravel bricks bonded by recycled polypropylene through heat treatment. The main focus of this study is to determine the effects of varying polymer proportions on the resistance and permeability properties of the studied composite, intending to achieve optimal properties, i.e., high resistance and low permeability. To do this, the 2² factorial arrangement was employed, comprising four treatments along with three central points, each replicated three times. The data was statistically analyzed at a 95% confidence level from an adapted methodology. This involved tests of compression strength, 3-point bending strength, Los Angeles abrasion, and water absorption by immersion, in which three percentages of polymer content (PC) - 15, 25, and 35% - and aggregates (fine sand, medium sand, and coarse sand - FS, MS, and CS) were used to prepare the composite. The developed composite was deemed suitable for use in storage warehouses and machine workshops, as it presented physical and mechanical appropriate characteristics, i.e., a low water absorption rate and high resistance to compression and abrasion, in addition to being an environmentally friendly composite.

Estimation of natural radioactivity and radiological hazards in aggregate (stone dust) used as building materials in South Africa

ABSTRACT In this study, the radioactivity concentrations of natural radionuclides (Uranium-238, Thorium-232, and Potassiumi-40) in aggregate/stone dust samples used for building construction purposes have been measured with thallium-doped sodium iodide (NaI(TI)) detector. The samples’ associated radiological hazard risks were calculated using standard radiological expressions. The mean values of Uranium-238, Thorium-232, and Potassiumi-40 activity concentrations in the studied Quarries’ samples were above the World mean values of 35, 30, and 400 Bq.kg−1 for radioactivity concentrations in building materials. The lowest and highest values of all the estimated radiological hazard indices were recorded in samples Afrisam C 5 and Afrimat 3.

STUDY ON ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF SOIL USING STONE DUST AND BAGASSE ASH

In the discipline of civil engineering, soil stabilization is the process of enhancing and improving the engineering qualities of soil so that it can support large loads without failing. The safe and efficient disposal of waste material without causing harm to society is a significant concern in a well-managed ecosystem. Utilizing solid waste products to stabilize soil has become more popular recently as a successful way to manage trash from many sectors. This paper reviews the usage of various solid waste items that have been applied to stabilize soft soils. However, there are numerous approaches and strategies for stabilizing this soil. This research offers a method for stabilizing soft soil using waste products. An investigation into the stabilizing potential of bagasse ash and sisal fiber for highly compressible clayey soil has been prompted by the rising expense of building traditional stabilizers and the necessity of inexpensively consuming industrial and agricultural wastes for value trade. There is a growing demand for sustainable construction, which is why recent research has concentrated on sustainable resource consumption trends. We can employ natural and biodegradable resources, as well as waste products, to obtain. This study was a large-scale laboratory experiment to explore the use of natural fibers, industrial waste, and agricultural waste to improve the engineering qualities of moderately compressible clay. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Stone Dust and Bagasse Ash were suitable for stabilizing clayey soil. The results of testing for consistency limits, maximum dry density, optimal moisture content, UCS, and (soaked) CBR were obtained using percentages of 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight of dry soil for Bagasse Ash and 6%, 8%, and 10% for Stone Dust. In this work, expansive soil was stabilized using Stone Dust and Bagasse Ash. Bagasse Ash was fixed at 15%, after that Stone Dust was changed to 3%, 6%, and 9%. Key Words: Compaction test, CBR, UCS, Stone Dust, Bagasse Ash

Evaluating the durability performance of concrete containing clastic sand and GGBS

The manufacturing process of materials utilized in concrete production has environmental implications. The production of cement releases significant amounts of greenhouse gases, while the extraction of aggregates and sand poses challenges to the natural environment. To minimize the aforementioned challenges researchers are suggested to utilize industrial by-products as a partial alternative for these materials Fly ash, stone dust, GGBS, silica fume, and metakaolin are widely utilized alternatives to construction materials. The specific use of clastic sand as a partial substitute for fine aggregate has recently gained popularity . However, studies on the characteristics of concrete prepared using cementitious materials and clastic sand are very few. In this work, the effect of clastic sand with ground granulated blast furnace slag concrete is being investigated. The GGBS is added in place of cement from 0% to 45%. Further, clastic sand is added in different proportions in GGBS concrete. The electrical resistivity, water absorption, acid attack, and micro-structural studies are carried out on all mixes to know the durability properties. The results confirm that the addition of GGBS as a cementitious material enhances durability. The inclusion of 35% of GGBS as a substitute for cement is optimum for enhancing durability. Further, the inclusion of 35% GGBS as a cement substitute and 20% clastic sand shows a dense matrix and optimum results in enhancing durability. This is due to the pozzolanic activity of GGBS and clastic sand works as filler materials. This investigation suggests utilizing clastic sand along with GGBS as a cementitious material.

Manufacturing Environmentally Friendly Hollow Blocks using Different Aggregates: Effect on Mechanical Properties

Hollow concrete block (HCB) is one of the most fundamental materials in building and construction worldwide. Therefore, HCB has emerged as a viable alternative to traditional building materials likebrick. It is an excellent choice for constructing walls, pavements, and other masonry work construct a long-lasting structure. Today's new world requires a green, eco-friendly, and sustainable world, and HCB can play a significant role in achieving that goal. HCB has superior thermal and fire resistance properties, greater strength, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendliness. Only a small amount of construction in Bangladesh is done using HCBs. However, as sustainable structural technology advances, more frequent use of HCBs will be required. As a result, this article will provide a brief overview of the various applications of HCBs in Bangladesh, including the manufacturing process and its benefits and drawbacks. Specifically, this work investigates and compares the effect of different natural fine aggregates collected from different areas of Bangladesh on the mechanical properties of HCB. The fine aggregates used in this study came from the Dharala, Patgram, Lalmonirhat, and Someshwari rivers in Durgapur, Netrokona, Bangladesh. HCBs were manufactured using a hydraulic press machine and were constructed using mix design ratios of 1: 5: 1: 3 (Cement: Gravel Sand: Sylhet Sand: Crushed Stone), 1: 4.17: 1.67: 1.5 (Cement: Gravel Sand: Sylhet Sand: Crushed Stone), 1: 2.33: 2: 1.33 (Cement: Gravel Sand: Stone Dust: Crushed Stone), 1: 3.33: 2.33 (Cement: Gravel Sand: Stone Dust) and 1: 2.5: 1: 0.50 (Cement: Gravel Sand: Stone Dust: Crushed Stone) with water cement (W/C) ratio of 0.37. The specimens' dimensions were chosen to be 390 mm x 190 mm x 100 mm. The specimens were tested for unit weight, water absorption, compressive strength, and tensile strength after 28 days of water curing. The results showed that HCBs made with different fine aggregates from the Dharala, Patgram, Lalmonirhat, and Someshwari rivers in Durgapur, Netrokona, Bangladesh, have different compressive strengths at 28 days, namely 978 PSI, 1604 PSI, 1267 PSI, 1162 PSI, and 2128 PSI. The Dhaka University Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vol. 12(2), 2023, P 153-158

Investigation of Permanent Deformation Behaviour of Subbase Layer Mixed with Non-Plastic Stone Dust of the Pavement

Investigation of Permanent Deformation Behaviour of Subbase Layer Mixed with Non-Plastic Stone Dust of the Pavement

A Comparative Performance Assessment of the Integrated Upflow and Surface Flow-Based Constructed Wetlands Dosed with Landfill Leachate: Electrode Coupling and Input Load Variation

This study reports organic, nutrient, and coliform removal performances of two integrated wetlands designed to treat landfill leachate. Each integrated system included two components: a normal or electrode-integrated upflow-based wetland and a surface flow wetland (with internal baffle walls). The components were fully or partially filled with stone dust media and planted with Canna indica. Two hydraulic loading rates, i.e., 15 L and 60 L (per day), were applied. The integrated wetlands achieved a mean biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and coliform removal efficiency ranges of 89–94%, 95–97%, 85–91%, 91–98%, and 70–88%, respectively, within the applied loading ranges. The electrode-dependent system achieved better pollutant removal performances due to the influence of electrochemical-based bioreactions that fostered microbial decomposition. Nitrogen accumulation percentage (with respect to observed removal) in plant tissues ranged between 0.6 and 25%; phosphorus accumulation percentage was negligible, i.e., ≤0.009%. The chemical composition of the stone dust media supported nutrient adsorption. Stable nutrient removal performance was observed with both systems despite variable loading ranges due to pollutant removal in the upflow-based wetlands followed by controlled flow direction (induced by baffle walls) in the surface flow wetlands that triggered chemical and biological removals. Mean power density production ranged between 235 and 946 mW/m3 with the electrode-based integrated wetland system. In summary, this study demonstrates the application of integrated wetland systems to treat landfill leachate and the associated factors to achieve stable removal under variable loading ranges.

SUSTAINABLE INVESTIGATION ON POND ASH-INDUCED COMPRESSED INTERLOCKING BRICKS

Investigating the sustainability of using pond ash in compressed interlocking bricks is a multi-faceted process that requires assessing environmental, economic, and social aspects. India churns out more than 200 million tonnes of untapped coal ash every year. Stone crusher plants and thermal power plants are exhibiting huge amounts of unutilized by-products which have started invading our environment negatively and could soon create hazardous impacts. This paper focuses on investigating a new emerging sustainable brick constituting all these waste substances. Unutilized stone dust from crushers of the Khordha Industrial Area and Ash (Pond ash and Fly ash) were collected from the NALCO Power Plant situated at Angul, Odisha, India. Pond ash Induced Compressed Interlocking Bricks (PAICIB) were fabricated having parent mix with pond ash &amp; fly ash levels of 35% and 40% stone dust by weight, which was fixed after several trial mix experiments. Variation was done with the proportion of lime and cement to the parent mix. Compressive strength tests were conducted on day 7 and 28. The parent mix of 30cmx15cmx10cm PAICIB containing no cement and 10% hydrated lime by weight of parent mix sustained a compressive strength up to 5.5 N/mm2 (failure load of 204KN) and the water absorption was 17% after 28 days. The primary focus of this investigation is to utilize the waste materials for creating an eco-friendly brick that can meet the demand of the current rising population of populated countries like India. This work becomes a part of the “fly ash management and utilization mission” by NGT as the bricks are formed here using the disposed pond ash in rivers reducing water pollution too.

Evaluation of the Contribution of Bayburt Tuffite (Bayburt Stone) Dust to the After Freeze-Thaw Strength Values of High Plasticity Clay Soils

The strength properties of soils that are considered problematic, such as high plasticity clay, need to be improved for the increasing housing needs in parallel with the increasing population growth and the evolving needs of society due to continuous technological developments. In the last twenties, when global climate changes began to occur, improving the geotechnical properties of such soils, which form the basis of engineering structures, has become an important issue. For this reason, many studies have begun to improve and strengthen such soils using natural, synthetic, or various chemicals. For this reason, natural rocks are one step ahead of other healing materials in terms of being economical, sustainable, and environmentally friendly. In our study, Bayburt tuffite was added to the clayey soil by pulverizing it at the rates of 5%, 10%, and 15%, and the strength change after freezing and thawing was examined. Clay soil (CS) + Bayburt tuffite powder (BTP) mixture samples obtained in three different ratios were wrapped with stretch wrap in the laboratory environment (+20oC) and cured for 7, 14, and 28 days, ensuring the opt. moisture content was maintained. At the end of the curing period, the samples were subjected to +20oC, -20oC, 12 hours, and 10 cycles in the freeze-thaw cabinet, and then, Strength values were acquired with a uniaxial testing device. The highest strength value after freezing-thawing; was observed that it was 29.55% in the MIX1 (CS + 5% BTP) mixture cured for 28 days. As a result, it was concluded that this mixing ratio can be used in cold climates and shallow foundation depths with high plasticity clay soil properties.

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway is a marker of lung cell activation but does not play a central pathologic role in engineered stone-associated silicosis.

Engineered stone-associated silicosis is characterised by a rapid progression of fibrosis linked to a shorter duration of exposure. To date, there is lack of information about molecular pathways that regulates disease development and the aggressiveness of this form of silicosis. Therefore, we compared transcriptome responses to different engineered stone samples and standard silica. We then identified and further tested a stone dust specific pathway (aryl hydrocarbon receptor [AhR]) in relation to mitigation of adverse lung cell responses. Cells (epithelial cells, A549; macrophages, THP-1) were exposed to two different benchtop stone samples, standard silica and vehicle control, followed by RNA sequencing analysis. Bioinformatics analyses were conducted, and the expression of dysregulated AhR pathway genes resulting from engineered stone exposure was then correlated with cytokine responses. Finally, we inhibited AhR pathway in cells pretreated with AhR antagonist and observed how this impacted cell cytotoxicity and inflammation. Through transcriptome analysis, we identified the AhR pathway genes (CYP1A1, CYP1B1 and TIPARP) that showed differential expression that was unique to engineered stones and common between both cell types. The expression of these genes was positively correlated with interleukin-8 production in A549 and THP-1 cells. However, we only observed a mild effect of AhR pathway inhibition on engineered stone dust induced cytokine responses. Given the dual roles of AhR pathway in physiological and pathological processes, our data showed that expression of AhR target genes could be markers for assessing toxicity of engineered stones; however, AhR pathway might not play a significant pathologic role in engineered stone-associated silicosis.

THE EFFECT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND TNF ALPHA TO LUNG FUNCTION ON MARBLE CRAFTSMAN

Marble craftsmen are potentially exposed to marble dust which contains about 60% silica resulting in marble craftsmen facing this hazard and possibly physiological lung disorders. In addition, this hazard will increase Tumor Necrosis Factor-a (TNF- α) levels. This study aims to analyze the effect of working period, nutritional status, and TNF-α on physiological lung disorders. study is a quantitative study with observational research type and cross sectional research design In this study, the data collection techniques used were: (1) measurement of personal river stone dust levels using a personal dust sampler of CCZG2A type; (2) measurement of serum TNF-α levels using the ELISA technique, (3) examination of lung function with MIR spirolab III; (4) collection of data on respiratory complaints using the ATS standard questionnaire as well as to obtain data on age, tenure, length of work and smoking habits; (5) measurement of nutritional status by weighing body weight and measuring height. The data obtained were then presented in the form of tables, narratives, analyzed using statistical programs. The subjects of this study were all marble craftsmen who worked in the marble household industry in Tulungagung Regency as many as 30 people with the number of samples taken as many as 26 craftsmen. The average value of %FVC in obese respondents was lower than that of respondents with normal nutritional status. This indicates a decrease in lung function conditions in obese workers.

Prototype device for measuring the dustiness of stone and lime dust used in explosion prevention

Prototype device for measuring the dustiness of stone and lime dust used in explosion prevention