Neoplasia Of Stomach Research Articles

The Effect of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on the Quality of Associated Care in Patients with Gastric Cancer.

Coronavirus is a new virus that has affected human life on a large scale; it has infected millions of people and killed hundreds of thousands of people. In contrast, among cancers, stomach neoplasia is the most common cancer of the upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tract. COVID-19 disease has disrupted the optimal management of patients with cancer. Metastasis, deterioration of the patient's nutritional status, UGI bleeding, and increased surgical complications are all consequences of delayed treatment of patients with gastric cancer. However, there is still insufficient evidence on the immunogenicity of the vaccine and the protection provided by coronavirus vaccines in patients with cancer, especially those with immunodeficiency or those who are treated for certain types of cancers. Also, as part of the prevention and control of COVID-19 disease, nutritional support for patients with gastrointestinal cancer is particularly important, and the psychological and physiological limitations caused by the disease duration are hurting the well-being of patients. Therefore, the assessment of the impact of the coronavirus on cancer should be treated as an important issue, and healthcare professionals should be prepared to deal with the long-term effects of the coronavirus disease.

THE CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH CARCINOMA STOMACH

Carcinoma stomach is a condition that occurs due to various causes. In order to diagnose a case ofcarcinoma stomach, a high index of suspicion is required. A detailed history and a thorough clinicalexamination must be done. Patients may have various complaints such as vomiting, abdominal painand anemia. Diet has also been shown to play a role in the occurrence of carcinoma stomach. Thepatient’s socio-economic status also plays a very important role in the incidence of carcinomastomach. Various investigations are available today in order to diagnose a case of carcinomastomach. Investigations such as upper GI endoscopy are very useful to visualize a growth in thestomach and to take tissue for biopsy. A contrast enhanced CT (CECT) scan of the abdomen is alsovery useful to diagnose the stomach neoplasia as well as to find out if any metastatic lesions arepresent. On histopathology, adenocarcinoma is the most common type of carcinoma that may befound. Other tumors such as GI stromal tumors and lymphomas may also be found. Treatment ofcarcinoma involves surgery as well as chemotherapy. Our study was carried out from March 2015to February 2019. The study was carried out at SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Center,Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India. The total number of patients studied was 75. The results obtainedwere tabulated and compared with other studies.

Gene mutations in stool from gastric and colorectal neoplasia patients by next-generation sequencing.

AIMTo study cancer hotspot mutations by next-generation sequencing (NGS) in stool DNA from patients with different gastrointestinal tract (GIT) neoplasms.METHODSStool samples were collected from 87 Finnish patients diagnosed with various gastric and colorectal neoplasms, including benign tumors, and from 14 healthy controls. DNA was isolated from stools by using the PSP® Spin Stool DNA Plus Kit. For each sample, 20 ng of DNA was used to construct sequencing libraries using the Ion AmpliSeq Cancer Hotspot Panel v2 or Ion AmpliSeq Colon and Lung Cancer panel v2. Sequencing was performed on Ion PGM. Torrent Suite Software v.5.2.2 was used for variant calling and data analysis.RESULTSNGS was successful in assaying 72 GIT samples and 13 healthy controls, with success rates of the assay being 78% for stomach neoplasia and 87% for colorectal tumors. In stool specimens from patients with gastric neoplasia, five hotspot mutations were found in APC, CDKN2A and EGFR genes, in addition to seven novel mutations. From colorectal patients, 20 mutations were detected in AKT1, APC, ERBB2, FBXW7, KIT, KRAS, NRAS, SMARCB1, SMO, STK11 and TP53. Healthy controls did not exhibit any hotspot mutations, except for two novel ones. APC and TP53 were the most frequently mutated genes in colorectal neoplasms, with five mutations, followed by KRAS with two mutations. APC was the most commonly mutated gene in stools of patients with premalignant/benign GIT lesions.CONCLUSIONOur results show that in addition to colorectal neoplasms, mutations can also be assayed from stool specimens of patients with gastric neoplasms.

Respiratory muscle strength of patients with esophagus and stomach neoplasms

Abstract Introduction: In cancer patients, the reduced food intake causes weight loss and promotes protein-calorie malnutrition. This results in loss of lean body mass, which affects both skeletal muscles and respiratory muscles. Objective: Evaluate and compare the respiratory muscle strength of patients with esophageal and stomach neoplasia during the preoperative period. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out with 24 patients of both genders hospitalized in a teaching hospital. They underwent a physical therapy evaluation composed of anthropometric data and measurement of respiratory muscle strength through manovacuometry. Paired and unpaired t-tests were used to compare the values obtained with the predicted equations. Results: Regarding the disease prevalence, 66.66%(16) of the individuals had stomach neoplasm and 33.33%(8) esophageal neoplasm. Of the patients with esophageal neoplasm, 100% were men with a mean age of 63 ± 9.16 years. Of those with stomach neoplasm, 68.75% were men with a mean age of 69.36 ± 10.92 years. Female patients with stomach neoplasm had significantly higher BMI (p = 0.01) than male patients, and they were classified as overweight. Both neoplasms had significantly lower real values (p ≤ 0.05) than predicted values at the maximal expiratory pressure. Conclusion: Patients with esophageal and stomach neoplasms in the preoperative period present reduction in the expiratory muscle strength. There were no statistically significant differences, when we compared the maximum respiratory pressures between the two types of neoplasms investigated.

Genome-wide analysis of the oxyntic proliferative isthmus zone reveals ASPM as a possible gastric stem/progenitor cell marker over-expressed in cancer.

The oxyntic proliferative isthmus zone contains the main stem/progenitor cells that provide for physiological renewal of the distinct mature cell lineages in the oxyntic epithelium of the stomach. These cells are also proposed to be the potential cells‐of‐origin of gastric cancer, although little is known about their molecular characteristics and specific biological markers are lacking. In this study, we developed a method for serial section‐navigated laser microdissection to isolate cells from the proliferative isthmus zone of rat gastric oxyntic mucosa for genome‐wide microarray gene expression analysis. Enrichment analysis showed a distinct gene expression profile for the isthmus zone, with genes regulating intracellular processes such as the cell cycle and ribosomal activity. The profile was also related to stem cell transcriptional networks and stomach neoplasia. Genes expressed uniquely in the isthmus zone were associated with E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1), which participates in the self‐renewal of stem cells and in gastric carcinogenesis. One of the unique genes was Aspm [Asp (abnormal spindle) homologue, microcephaly‐associated (Drosophila)]. Here we show ASPM in single scattered epithelial cells located in the proliferative isthmus zone of rat, mouse and human oxyntic mucosa, which do not seem to be actively dividing. The ASPM‐expressing cells are mainly mature cell marker‐deficient, except for a limited overlap with cells with neuroendocrine and tuft cell features. Further, both ASPM and E2F1 were expressed in human gastric cancer cell lines and increased and correlated in human gastric adenocarcinomas compared to non‐tumour mucosa, as shown by expression profile analyses and immunohistochemistry. The association between ASPM and the transcription factor E2F1 in gastric tissue is relevant, due to their common involvement in crucial cell fate‐regulatory mechanisms. Our results thus introduce ASPM as a novel possible oxyntic stem/progenitor cell marker that may be involved in both normal gastric physiology and gastric carcinogenesis. © 2015 Authors. Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.

Immune Response and the Tumor Microenvironment: How They Communicate to Regulate Gastric Cancer

Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related death in the world. A growing body of evidence indicates that inflammation is closely associated with the initiation, progression, and metastasis of many tumors, including those of gastric cancer. In addition, approximately 60% of the world's population is colonized by Helicobacter pylori, which accounts for more than 50% of gastric cancers. While the role of inflammation in intestinal and colonic cancers is relatively well defined, its role in stomach neoplasia is still unclear because of the limited access of pathogens to the acidic environment and the technical difficulties isolating and characterizing immune cells in the stomach, especially in animal models. In this review, we will provide recent updates addressing how inflammation is involved in gastric malignancies, and what immune characteristics regulate the pathogenesis of stomach cancer. Also, we will discuss potential therapeutics that target the immune system for the efficient treatment of gastric cancer.

Gastro-retentive floating beads of curcumin β-cyclodextrin complex to treat stomach tumors

The aim of present study was to develop a multi-unit gastro-retentive floating dosage form of curcumin with targeted and sustained release characteristics. Although, protective effect of curcumin against inflammation and cancer is well documented, the clinical potential is underutilized owing to the physicochemical properties of the molecule which lead to poor oral bioavailability. Aqueous solubility of curcumin was enhanced by complex formation with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). This complex with enhanced solubility profile was further used to prepare multiple unit floating beads. Floating beads of curcumin β-cyclodextrin complex (FBCC) were prepared by dripping a mixture of sodium alginate and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose solution into calcium chloride solution acidified with acetic acid. FBCC were evaluated for percent drug entrapment, diameter, surface topography, buoyancy,<em> in vitro</em> release and pharmacodynamic activity against Benzo(a) pyrene [B(a)P] induced forestomach papillomas in albino female mice (Balb/C strain). The investigation revealed that floating beads possessed optimum formulation characteristics. The drug release from FBCC was fickian and sufficiently sustained for 12 h. Results of antitumor studies against B(a)P induced neoplasia of forestomach suggests that the tumor incidence significantly reduced (50%) using FBCC where as pure curcumin resulted in only 25% reduction. A multi-unit floating dosage form of curcumin β-CD complex possessing sustained release characteristics was developed for targeting gastric tumors. Results of i<em>n vitro</em> studies and anti-tumor studies in animals suggest that FBCC can be safely and effectively used to treat neoplasia of stomach. However, these preliminary investigations warrant further pharmacokinetic studies and clinical evaluation in humans

Cholangiocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Stratified Epithelial Portion of the Stomach in a Horse: A Case Report

Both cholangiocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach stratified squamous epithelial portion are rarely found in equine medicine despite being more common in human beings, dogs, and cats. The objective of the present article was to report the simultaneous occurrences of these two types of neoplasias in an 11-year-old mare. Numerous firm, whitish nodules were distributed throughout the liver parenchyma and those protruding over its surface were umbilicated in their appearance. It was verified that the nodules adhered to the peritoneum and omentum, diaphragm, spleen, and stomach serosa compressed the adjacent structures. The stomach stratified squamous epithelial portion, particularly originating in the margo plicatus toward the cardia, was covered by numerous smooth, whitish spherules. Microscopic examination allowed the liver, tumor, and the abdominal implants to be identified as a cholangiocarcinoma, and the stomach neoplasia as a carcinoma of its stratified squamous epithelial portion. Considering this as an uncommon finding, although when considered individually, the presence of a cholangiocarcinoma and a squamous cell carcinoma of the stratified squamous epithelial portion of the equine stomach in the same specimen is worthy of reporting.