Risk Factor For Stomach Cancer Research Articles

Abstract 3944: Addressing stomach cancer disparities by assessing Helicobacter pylori infections among American Indian adults from the Navajo Nation

Abstract Background. The Navajo Nation, the largest tribe in the United States (US), is experiencing a high burden of stomach cancer, possibly due to a high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection. Hp is a major risk factor for stomach cancer and Hp strains that carry the cagA-gene are linked to greater gastrointestinal disease severity. Yet little research has investigated the prevalence and correlates of Hp and cagA infection in Navajo people. We assessed the prevalence and correlates of Hp infection and cagA-gene carriage in adult tribal members residing in the Navajo Nation. Methods and Material. We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study in the Navajo Nation in 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were recruited using online and offline platforms, including social media, a study website, newspaper advertisements, flyers, word of mouth, and community outreach. Stool samples collected from participants were analyzed with droplet digital PCR for Hp 16S and cagA virulence genes. Demographic characteristics, health, and dietary factors were collected from self-administered health and food questionnaires sent via mail. Results. Of 99 participants, half (49.5%) were 18-44 years old and 73.7% were female. About sixty percent (57.7%, 95% CI: 47.6-67.3) of participants were infected with Hp, twice the US population prevalence (27%). Among Hp-infected participants, 76.7% (95% CI: 64.0-86.6) were cagA-gene positive, four times the cagA gene prevalence in White people (19%). Controlling for age and sex, monthly use of Navajo herbal medicines was positively associated with Hp infection (OR=3.73, 95% CI: 1.05-17.87). No significant associations with Hp and cagA-gene were observed with other risk factors such as older age, males, lower education, and high sodium intake. Conclusion. A substantial proportion of Navajo adults in our study had Hp and cagA-positive infections. Given studies showing the antibacterial activity of Indigenous herbal medicines, monthly use of Navajo herbal medicines was an unexpected risk factor for Hp infection. This observation may be due to reverse causality, where participants with gastrointestinal conditions used Navajo herbal medicines for gastrointestinal symptom relief, particularly when participants had limited access to healthcare services due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Possible environmental transmission of Hp in the preparation of herbal medicines (i.e., water source, utensils) could be another source of exposure. Given the high burden of Hp and cagA-positive infections, culturally tailored health education strategies and interventions addressing these infections present an opportunity for research and cancer prevention among Navajo adults. Citation Format: Dornell Pete, Nina R. Salama, Johanna W. Lampe, Michael C. Wu, Amanda I. Phipps. Addressing stomach cancer disparities by assessing Helicobacter pylori infections among American Indian adults from the Navajo Nation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 3944.

Pro-Inflammatory Diet as a Risk Factor for Stomach Cancer: Findings from a Multicenter Study in Central and Western China.

We conducted a multicenter cross-sectional study in central and western China to explore the association between inflammatory diet and stomach cancer odds. Participants from five hospitals in the central and western regions were collected. All participants completed the questionnaire we provided before the gastroscopy examination, which includes inquiries about risk factors for stomach cancer and food frequency. All participants underwent gastroscopy, and a mucosal biopsy was confirmed pathologically. Pathological findings were classified as chronic gastritis group, precancerous lesions group and stomach cancer group. Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) scores were calculated based on the frequency of food occurrences in the questionnaire, and finally SPSS was used to calculate the correlation between variables. A total of 1162 patients were included in this study, including 668 cases of chronic gastritis, 411 cases of precancerous lesions, and 83 cases of cancer. A single factor analysis was conducted to examine the risk factors of stomach cancer, revealing a significant association between a pro-inflammatory diet and the stomach cancer odds (p value < 0.05). The results of binary classification analysis further confirmed that a pro-inflammatory diet is a risk factor for stomach cancer 【odds ratio (OR) =7.400)】. Moreover, correlation analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between the severity of gastric mucosal diseases and an inflammatory diet (including anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory diets) (rs=0.274, p-value < 0.001). Pro-Inflammatory diet is a risk factor for stomach cancer, and may accelerate the progression of stomach mucosal disease.

Abstract C105: Addressing stomach cancer disparities in low-income New York City Chinese American immigrants: A randomized controlled trial

Abstract Background Stomach cancer is the most common infection-related cancer worldwide. In the United States, Chinese Americans, especially recent immigrants, experience a disproportionate burden of stomach cancer incidence and mortality. Infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori) is the strongest risk factor for stomach cancer. However, adherence to the complex H. pylori treatment regimen is challenging for Chinese New Yorkers with limited English proficiency (LEP) and low health literacy. By linking bilingual/bicultural community health workers (CHWs) to Chinese-speaking patients in clinical settings – the first intervention of its kind that targets this at-risk population – we aim to help participants facilitate H. pylori eradication and stomach cancer prevention. Objective We seek to implement and assess the efficacy of a patient-centered, culturally-adapted and in-language intervention to reduce stomach cancer risk factors for at-risk Chinese American immigrants in NYC. Methods We conducted a multiyear, 2-arm RCT (n=135). Participants randomized to the intervention group were paired with a bilingual/bicultural CHW for 6 months and received a standardized protocol consisting of culturally and linguistically-adapted educational sessions, goal-setting and action planning. Data collection methods include: 1) Baseline, 2-month and 6-month surveys; 2) interviews with intervention group participants; and 3) encounter reports. Clinical outcomes were confirmed through chart review. Results Participants in the RCT were predominantly LEP, low-income Chinese immigrants with low health literacy and limited knowledge of H. pylori and stomach cancer risk factors. We will share the primary and secondary study outcomes of H. pylori eradication, medication adherence, self-efficacy, and health literacy. Our results will be supplemented with qualitative findings from the encounter reports detailing participant barriers and facilitators to medication adherence, goal-setting and behavior change. Citation Format: Simona Kwon, Yi-Ling Tan, Suzanne Vang, Angel Mui, Janet Pan, Stella Chong, Laura Wyatt, Qiuqu Zhao, Renee Williams, Patrick Xiao, Anju Malieckal, Zoi Gamagaris, Chau Trinh-Shevrin. Addressing stomach cancer disparities in low-income New York City Chinese American immigrants: A randomized controlled trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr C105.

Cluster of lifestyle risk factors for stomach cancer and screening behaviors among Korean adults

This study aimed to investigate clustering patterns of lifestyle risk factors for stomach cancer and examine the association of risk factor clusters with stomach cancer screening adherence. Data from the 2019 Korean National Cancer Screening Survey, an annual cross-sectional nationwide survey, were used. The study population included 3539 adults aged 40–74 years with no history of cancer. Six stomach cancer risk factors, including smoking, drinking, physical inactivity, obesity, meat intake, and salted food intake, as well as stomach cancer screening behaviors, were assessed. The most frequent risk factor for stomach cancer was physical inactivity, followed by smoking in males and high salted food intake in females. Compared with participants subjects with no risk factors, those with three or more risk factors were less likely to adhere to screening guidelines (males: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.23–0.53; females: aOR = 0.32, 95% CI 0.21–0.48). Our findings indicate a disparity in stomach cancer screening, such that those with more risk factors are less likely to get screened. Increasing public awareness, providing behavioral counseling, and targeting high-risk populations for screening interventions are critical for promoting cancer screening adherence and reducing the disparity in cancer screening.

Investigating heavy-metal soil contamination state on the rate of stomach cancer using remote sensing spectral features

Heavy metal (HM) contamination in agricultural soils has been a serious environmental and health problem in the past decades. High concentration of HM threatens human health and can be a risk factor for many diseases such as stomach cancer. In order to investigate the relationship between HM content and stomach cancer, the under-study area should be adequately large so that the possible relationship between soil contamination and the patients' distribution can be studied. Examining soil content in a vast area with traditional techniques like field sampling is neither practical nor possible. However, integrating remote sensing imagery and spectrometry can provide an unexpensive and effective substitute for detecting HM in soil. To estimate the concentration of arsenic (As), chrome (Cr), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and iron (Fe) in agricultural soil in parts of Golestan province with Hyperion image and soil samples, spectral transformations were used to preprocess and highlight spectral features, and Spearman's correlation was calculated to select the best features for detecting each metal. The generalized regression neural network (GRNN) was trained with the chosen spectral features and metal containment, and the trained GRNN generated the pollution maps from the Hyperion image. Mean concentration of Cr, As, Fe, Ni, and Pb was estimated at 40.22, 11.8, 21,530.565, 39.86, and 0.5mg/kg, respectively. Concentrations of As and Fe were near the standard limit and overlying the pollution maps, and patients' distribution showed high concentrations of these metals can be considered as stomach cancer risk factors.

Stomach cancer burden in China: Epidemiology and prevention.

In 2020, stomach cancer was the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Due to the relatively huge population base and the poor survival rate, stomach cancer is still a threat in China, and accounts for nearly half of the cases worldwide. Fortunately, in China, the incidence and mortality rates of stomach cancer presented a declining trend owing to the change of individual life styles and the persistent efforts to prevent stomach cancer from the governments at all levels. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, poor eating habits, smoking, history of gastrointestinal disorders, and family history of stomach cancer are the main risk factors for stomach cancer in China. As a result, by taking risk factors for stomach cancer into account, specific preventive measures, such as eradicating H. pylori and implementing stomach cancer screening projects, should be taken to better prevent and decrease the burden of stomach cancer.

The stomach cancer prognosis map is the basis for the formation of a register of patients with precancerous diseases

A single-stage retrospective observational comparative study was conducted to find the most significant risk factors for stomach cancer. The analysis of 36 risk factors for stomach cancer in 143 patients aged 32 to 83 years, indigenous residents of cities, regions and republics of the Northwestern Federal District of Russia who underwent complex, including surgical treatment of this disease. The control group consisted of 128 people who underwent in-depth medical examination in the amount necessary for the program of this study. The ranking of the studied risk factors for gastric cancer according to their degree of prognostic significance is presented as follows: the presence of precancerous diseases accompanied by progressive atrophy of the gastric mucosa, intestinal metaplasia and/or dysplasia in combination with prolonged gastric helicobacteriosis; a decrease in the blood content of pepsinogen I and stimulated gastrin-17, as well as a decrease in the ratio of PG I/PG II; prolonged presence of anemia, leukopenia, neutropenia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, especially in men over 50 years of age with bad habits (smoking, alcohol abuse); presence in patients with diabetes mellitus and obesity, especially when combined with them and under the condition of an increased index of glycosed hemoglobin; gross and multiple disorders of the rhythm of nutrition and the content of the diet. Using the obtained data, a mathematical assessment of the prognostic significance of each of the studied signs can be carried out, an algorithm for predicting stomach cancer and making individualized medical decisions is developed, without which it is impossible to create an effective and convenient register of patients with precancerous diseases at all stages of medical care for organizing and conducting personalized and effective cancer prevention measures.

Risk factors of gastric cancer as a basis for the development of a prognostic questionnaire for the register of patients with precancerous gastroduodenal diseases

The article is a critical analysis of the world scientific literature devoted to the search for risk factors for stomach cancer for the timely prognosis of this disease and the implementation of cancer prevention measures. The paper presents data from numerous studies to determine the role of environmental factors, including unfavorable ecology, as well as gender, age, smoking, alcohol abuse. The authors’ opinions are presented on the essential role of the alimentary factor in the genesis of neoplasms in the stomach, including the predominance of animal fats in food, the abuse of overcooked, pickled foods rich in nitrosoamines, foods saturated with spices, the use of too hot food, the use of foods infected with mycotoxins in nutrition. The role of environmental factors in the prognosis of gastric cancer is noted: the state of secretory activity of the stomach, the dynamics of inflammatory and atrophic processes in the mucous membrane. A special role for the prognosis of stomach cancer is assigned by many authors to the pyloric helicobacter, as well as the quantitative indicator of glycated blood hemoglobin and its dynamics. The significance of genetic changes in the genesis of gastric cancer and their role as prognostic factors of the disease is ambiguous. The article draws attention to the multidirectional results of many authors in understanding a large number of factors they have studied that could be used as prognostic witnesses of stomach cancer. The expediency of searching for the most significant regional factors for the prognosis of gastric cancer is substantiated, on the basis of which it is very important to create registers of patients with precancerous diseases of the stomach for the organization and implementation of personalized and effective measures of cancer prevention.

The role of highly toxigenic CagA and VacA strains of Helicobacter pylori in gastric carcinogenesis. Review

Gastric cancer takes the 4th place as the main cause of death among oncological diseases in the world. The risk factors of gastric cancer include genetic predisposition, alcohol abuse, smoking, low socio‑economic level, nutritional characteristics, Epstein–Barr virus and Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter pylori bacterium is the only statistically proven risk factor for stomach cancer. Gastric cancer develops in less than 3 % of ­H. pylori ‑infected patients, suggesting a unique interaction between the host immune response and H. pylori virulence factors. Expression of oncogenic cytotoxin‑associated protein gene A (CagA), vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA), and outer membrane proteins is important for H. pylori in host pathogenesis. The paper gives consideration for the relationship between the virulence factors of H. pylori and the host, which is necessary for a better understanding of the pathogenesis and prevention of carcinogenesis. The strategy for the prevention of gastric cancer includes eradication therapy, but it is complicated by the growth of resistance to antimicrobial drugs. Only insignificant number of papers investigate effects of pathogenicity factors of H. pylori (CagA+ and VacA+) on the development of atrophy, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia. In the literature, there is little data on the difference in antibiotic resistance between H. pylori highly toxigenic and non‑toxigenic strains. The aim of the article is to present current data on the impact of highly toxigenic CagA+VacA+ strains of H. pylori on the processes of gastric carcinogenesis and to determine their role in resistance to clarithromycin. Investigation of the relationship between highly toxigenic CagA and VacA strains with clinical and morphological manifestations of gastritis and antibiotic resistance will enable preventing the progression of precancerous changes and using effective treatment tactics.

Epidemiology of stomach cancer.

Despite a decline in incidence and mortality during the last decades, stomach cancer is one of the main health challenges worldwide. According to the GLOBOCAN 2020 estimates, stomach cancer caused approximately 800000 deaths (accounting for 7.7% of all cancer deaths), and ranks as the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths in both genders combined. About 1.1 million new cases of stomach cancer were diagnosed in 2020 (accounting for 5.6% of all cancer cases). About 75% of all new cases and all deaths from stomach cancer are reported in Asia. Stomach cancer is one of the most lethal malignant tumors, with a five-year survival rate of around 20%. There are some well-established risk factors for stomach cancer: Helicobacter pylori infection, dietary factors, tobacco, obesity, and radiation. To date, the most important way of preventing stomach cancer is reduced exposure to risk factors, as well as screening and early detection. Further research on risk factors can help identify various opportunities for more effective prevention. Screening programs for stomach cancer have been implemented in a few countries, either as a national or opportunistic screening of high-risk individuals only. Generally, due to its high aggressiveness and heterogeneity, stomach cancer still remains a severe global health problem.

HEMORRHAGIC ULCERATED STOMACH CANCER IN A PATIENT WITH PERNICIOUS ANEMIA. A CASE REPORTS.

Stomach cancer is one of the most common tumors, often detected in later stages as patients remain asymptomatic until later stages with black stools, accompanied by bodily weakness. Pernicious anemia. a known cause of vitamin B12 deciency, is a classic risk factor for stomach cancer. Patients with PA usually present with megaloblastic anemia and peripheral neuropathy; however, they may also present with nonspecic symptoms, such gastrointestinal hemorrhage with hemodynamic changes. A 73-year-old man presents in the emergency room of the hospital in Lushnja, Albania, with abdominal pain, black stools, accompanied by bodily weakness. Complaints have started for several weeks, where the pain is constantly aggravated, until it forced him to appear in the emergency department of Lushnja Hospital. The patient complains of burning sensation in the chest, decreased appetite, physical weakness, and has lost weight 14 kg in the last 3 months, accompanied by nervous disorders. Up to the moment of hospitalization did not refer for nausea, vomiting, dysphagia, without a history of gastrointestinal disease. Initial laboratory work revealed severe B12 deciency, pancytopenia, by the endoscope that revealed a mass of gastric fundus important for adenocarcinoma on biopsy

Macronutrients Intake and Stomach Cancer Risk in Iran: A Hospital-based Case-Control Study

Background: Stomach cancer (SC) is one of the most common cancers in the world. Dietary risk factors of SC are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the association between macronutrient intakes and the risk of SC. Study design: A hospital-based case-control study. Methods: The data were obtained from a hospital-based case-control study conducted at the Cancer Institute of Iran from 2010 to 2012. Patients were 40 years or older and were diagnosed with SC in less than one year with no history of any cancers. On the other hand, the controls were healthy subjects who were caregivers or visitors of the patients. Demographic characteristics were collected using a structured questionnaire through face to face interviews by trained interviewers. Dietary data were obtained using a validated Diet History Questionnaire. The age and gender-adjusted odds ratios (ORs), as well as the adjusted ORs of age, gender, energy, education, smoking, and body mass index, were reported for continuous and tertiles of intakes. Results: Totally, 207 SC patients and 217 controls participated in this study. In the full adjusted model, after comparing the highest tertiles to the lowest ones, the intake of sucrose (OR: 2.94; 95% CI: 1.66-5.19; P-trend<0.001), protein (OR: 2.04; 95% CI: 1.17-3.55; P-trend=0.011), cholesterol (OR: 2.22; 95% CI: 1.28-3.85; P-trend=0.005), and percent of calories from protein (OR: 3.09; 95% CI: 1.69-5.61; P-trend<1.001) showed a positive significant association with SC. Moreover, a significantly negative association was found between the percent of calories obtained from carbohydrates and SC (OR: 0. 57; 95% CI: 0.33-0.98; P-trend=0.015). Conclusion: The findings in this study showed that macronutrient intakes might be associated with the etiology of SC in Iran.

Environmental Risk Factors for Stomach Cancer in an African Setting about 193 Cases at the CHU Point G in Bamako/Mali

CHU (University Hospital Center) Point G: The department of surgery B is a surgical department of CHU Point G. The department is par excellence a reference department for cases of visceral surgery, cancer surgery, cardiovascular surgery, plastic and endocrinology surgery. As a reminder, the CHU Point G is the largest 3rd level referral hospital in Mali. Aim: To study the environmental risk factors of stomach cancer in the B surgery department of the Point G University Hospital in Bamako. Patients and Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study with retrospective collection from January 2008 to June 2018 (126 months). Results: We have identified 380 cases of digestive cancer, including 193 cases of stomach cancer or 50.79% of digestive cancers. The mean age of the patients was 57.21 ± 13 years. Male sex represented 55% (n = 106). Eating habits were dominated by the consumption of t? with potash (cereal paste) with 64.76% (n = 185). The main methods of preserving meat and fish were curing and smoking with 57.51% (n = 111). Chronic smoking was found in 24.35% (n = 47), alcohol + tobacco consumption in 2.59% (n = 5). The low socio-economic class represented 126 cases or 65.38%. Housewives and cultivators were respectively 37.82% (n = 73) and 227.97% (n = 54). 20.20% (n = 39) had a history of epigastric pain. Epigastralgia was the most common functional sign with 84.5% of cases (n = 169). An epigastric mass was found in 72 patients or 37.3%. Adenocarcinoma represented 97.4% (n = 188). Palliative surgery concerned the majority of our patients with 64.8% of patients (n = 79). The postoperative consequences were simple in 28.57% of cases (n = 28), the postoperative morbidity and mortality were respectively 33.61% (n = 41), and 23.77% (n = 29). The overall survival rate after surgery was 10.81% at 2 years and 2.94% at 5 years. This rate was 58.83% at 2 years and 28.50% at 5 years after curative surgery. Conclusion: The risk factors for stomach cancer are many and varied. Some are particularly present in Africa. Delay in diagnosis due to a belief in traditional healers is common in our community.

A survey of the state of dietary knowledge of students of the medical faculty of Polish Medical Universities

Introduction: Proper nutrition is an important element in pursuit of health. Appropriate selection of macro- and micro-ingredients allows to maintain the correct weight, avoid nutritional deficiencies and many health problems. Despite the fact that the topic of nutrition is primarily the concern of nutritionists, knowledge of nutrition is often helpful also for doctors.Aim is to examine the state of knowledge of medical students studying in Poland on the principles of healthy eating.Material and Methods: An anonymous online survey was conducted. The responses of 140 students of medicine from Polish medical universities were analyzed. Results: Despite the fact that 52.1% of the respondents declared that they are interested in the topic of healthy eating, only 40.3% of the respondents correctly stated that buckwheat is a good source of magnesium in the diet. 72.7% of respondents wrongly thought that olive oil is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids in the diet. 78.1% of respondents correctly stated that canned food with a high salt content is a risk factor for stomach cancer. 52.5% of respondents believe that coffee increases the excretion of magnesium in the urine. The same number of respondents correctly considered green tea to be a source of substances similar to caffeine. 59.7% of respondents correctly stated that onions, leeks and cabbage should be avoided while following the diet recommended in irritable bowel syndrome.Conclusion: Despite the expressed interest in the subject of healthy eating by the majority of the surveyed students, the results of the study suggest that the dietetary knowledge of students of the medical faculty of Polish Medical Universities is not very good. In some questions, only about half of the respondents gave correct answers.

Role of amoebae for survival and recovery of ‘non-culturable’ Helicobacter pylori cells in aquatic environments

ABSTRACT Helicobacter pylori is a fastidious Gram-negative bacterium that infects over half of the world's population, causing chronic gastritis and is a risk factor for stomach cancer. In developing and rural regions where prevalence rate exceeds 60%, persistence and waterborne transmission are often linked to poor sanitation conditions. Here we demonstrate that H. pylori not only survives but also replicates within acidified free-living amoebal phagosomes. Bacterial counts of the clinical isolate H. pylori G27 increased over 50-fold after three days in co-culture with amoebae. In contrast, a H. pylori mutant deficient in a cagPAI gene (cagE) showed little growth within amoebae, demonstrating the likely importance of a type IV secretion system in H. pylori for amoebal infection. We also demonstrate that H. pylori can be packaged by amoebae and released in extracellular vesicles. Furthermore, and for the first time, we successfully demonstrate the ability of two free-living amoebae to revert and recover viable but non-cultivable coccoid (VBNC)-H. pylori to a culturable state. Our studies provide evidence to support the hypothesis that amoebae and perhaps other free-living protozoa contribute to the replication and persistence of human-pathogenic H. pylori by providing a protected intracellular microenvironment for this pathogen to persist in natural aquatic environments and engineered water systems, thereby H. pylori potentially uses amoeba as a carrier and a vector of transmission.

Risk factors for stomach cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

OBJECTIVESThis report provides information on 14 behavioral and nutritional factors that can be addressed in stomach cancer prevention programs.METHODSPubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched through December 2018. Reference lists were also screened. Observational studies addressing the associations between stomach cancer and behavioral factors were analyzed. Between-study heterogeneity was investigated using the χ2, τ2, and I2 statistics. The likelihood of publication bias was explored using the Begg and Egger tests and trim-and-fill analysis. Effect sizes were expressed as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random-effects model.RESULTSOf 52,916 identified studies, 232 (including 33,831,063 participants) were eligible. The OR (95% CI) of factors associated with stomach cancer were as follows: Helicobacter pylori infection, 2.56 (95% CI, 2.18 to 3.00); current smoking, 1.61 (95% CI, 1.49 to 1.75); former smoking 1.43 (95% CI, 1.29 to 1.59); current drinking, 1.19 (95% CI, 1.10 to 1.29); former drinking, 1.73 (95% CI, 1.17 to 2.56); overweight/obesity, 0.89 (95% CI, 0.74 to 1.08); sufficient physical activity, 0.83 (95% CI, 0.68 to 1.02); consumption of fruits ≥3 times/wk, 0.48 (95% CI, 0.37 to 0.63); consumption of vegetables ≥3 times/wk, 0.62 (95% CI, 0.49 to 0.79); eating pickled vegetables, 1.28 (95% CI, 1.09 to 1.51); drinking black tea, 1.00 (95% CI, 0.84 to 1.20); drinking green tea, 0.88 (95% CI, 0.80 to 0.97); drinking coffee, 0.99 (95% CI, 0.88 to 1.11); eating fish ≥1 time/wk 0.79 (95% CI, 0.61 to 1.03); eating red meat ≥4 times/wk 1.31 (95% CI, 0.87 to 1.96), and high salt intake 3.78 (95% CI, 1.74 to 5.44) and 1.34 (95% CI, 0.88 to 2.03), based on two different studies.CONCLUSIONSThis meta-analysis provided a clear picture of the behavioral and nutritional factors associated with the development of stomach cancer. These results may be utilized for ranking and prioritizing preventable risk factors to implement effective prevention programs.

CagA–ASPP2 complex mediates loss of cell polarity and favors H. pylori colonization of human gastric organoids

The main risk factor for stomach cancer, the third most common cause of cancer death worldwide, is infection with Helicobacter pylori bacterial strains that inject cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA). As the first described bacterial oncoprotein, CagA causes gastric epithelial cell transformation by promoting an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like phenotype that disrupts junctions and enhances motility and invasiveness of the infected cells. However, the mechanism by which CagA disrupts gastric epithelial cell polarity to achieve its oncogenicity is not fully understood. Here we found that the apoptosis-stimulating protein of p53 2 (ASPP2), a host tumor suppressor and an important CagA target, contributes to the survival of cagA-positive H. pylori in the lumen of infected gastric organoids. Mechanistically, the CagA-ASPP2 interaction is a key event that promotes remodeling of the partitioning-defective (PAR) polarity complex and leads to loss of cell polarity of infected cells. Blockade of cagA-positive H. pylori ASPP2 signaling by inhibitors of the EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) signaling pathway-identified by a high-content imaging screen-or by a CagA-binding ASPP2 peptide, prevents the loss of cell polarity and decreases the survival of H. pylori in infected organoids. These findings suggest that maintaining the host cell-polarity barrier would reduce the detrimental consequences of infection by pathogenic bacteria, such as H. pylori, that exploit the epithelial mucosal surface to colonize the host environment.

Современные аспекты профилактики рака желудка

Objective of the Review: to analyse available data on stomach cancer prevention. Key Points. Key risk factors for stomach cancer are male gender, age of &gt;50 years old, Helicobacter pylori and smoking. A number of international consensus opinions regulate screening, diagnostics and treatment of precancer changes in stomach; it is assumed to reduce the incidence of this disease. H. pylori eradication is the key method of primary stomach cancer prevention. Modern studies demonstrate that the optimal method of H. pylori eradication is the therapy with bismuth medication, proton pump inhibitor, amoxycillin and clarithromycin for 10–14 days. Conclusion. The most efficient method of stomach cancer prevention is H. pylori eradication, smoking cessation, diet with plenty of vegetables and fruit. Secondary prevention is optimisation of diagnostics, follow-up and treatment of precancer stomach conditions. Keywords: stomach cancer, gastratrophia, Helicobacter pylori, prevention.

Analysis of KRAS gene mutation associated with Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with gastric cancer.

Objective(s):KRAS proto-oncogene mutation can be considered a diagnostic factor for treating various malignancies. Helicobacter pylori infection, a risk factor for stomach cancer, may cause DNA damage and genetic changes. The aim of the current study was to assess the association of gastric cancer and KRAS mutation, demographic factors, and H. pylori infection.Materials and Methods:DNA was extracted from a total of 140 FFPE gastric cancer tissue samples. detection of KRAS mutation (codons 12 and 13) in tumors was performed by PCR amplification, followed by gel electrophoresis and DNA sequencing. PCR diagnosed any H. pylori infection.Results:KRAS mutation was detected in 6 of the 140 (4.2%) gastric cancer tissue samples. 18 samples (12.8%), all of which were male (P<0.05), tested positive for H. pylori infection. KRAS mutations were present in 22.2% (4/18) of the samples with H. pylori infection (P<0.05). The mean age of patients was 62.25±12.61 years (range: 30–93 years). A male predominance (2.5 to 1) was reported in the gastric cancers, and at diagnosis, women were significantly younger than men (P=0.004). No association was observed between age or gender and KRAS mutation. Neither was one found between age and H. pylori infection. Tumors from H. pylori+ subjects were significantly more likely to have KRAS mutation than tumors from H. pylori- subjects (OR=17.1).Conclusion:The data suggest that H. pylori infection when compared with the absence of H. pylori infection, is associated with a higher prevalence of KRAS mutation in gastric cancer.

Trends and geographic pattern of stomach cancer mortality in Peru

BackgroundStomach cancer mortality rates in South America are among the highest in the world. In Peru, stomach cancer has the highest absolute number of cancer deaths in both sexes combined. We estimated mortality rates for stomach cancer in Peru by sex and geographical region between 2008 and 2015. MethodsWe obtained death data for stomach cancer from the Peruvian Ministry of Health database. We estimated the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) per 100,000 persons using the direct method and the world standard population. ResultsA total of 25,020 deaths from stomach cancer were identified in the study period. At national level, stomach cancer mortality rates (per 100,000 population) for men ranged from 9.8 in 2008 to 8.8 in 2015 with a percent change of −16%, and for women from 8.8 in 2008 to 7.7 in 2015 with a percent change of −16.8%. The highlands had the highest mortality rates overall, mainly in Huancavelica and Huánuco. The rainforest had the lowest rates and the highest decline in stomach cancer ASMRs. The coast displayed intermediate rates overall. ConclusionsWithin the study period, mortality rates from stomach cancer in Peru declined by 16%. The highlands had the highest mortality rates as compared to those from the coast or rainforest region. These geographical differences in mortality could reflect a different distribution in stomach cancer risk factors as the prevalence of H. pylori, poor dietary habits, low socioeconomic background of the Andean population and the lack of a decentralized health system.