Stock Management Process Research Articles

PENGGUNAAN K-MEANS DAN HIERARCHICAL CLUSTERING SINGLE LINKAGE DALAM PENGELOMPOKKAN STOK OBAT

Adequate and efficient availability of medicines is necessary to ensure patients receive optimal care. However, inefficient drug stock management can result in various problems, such as waste of resources, lack of necessary drugs, or even excessive stock. This study aims to improve the efficiency of the drug stock management process by using KMeans Clustering and Hierarchical Clustering methods on drug stock data. The data used includes information on initial stock, purchase, incoming distribution, service, outgoing distribution, outgoing adjustment, and final stock. Clustering analysis was performed to identify patterns in the drug stock data, which was then validated using Silhouette Score. The results showed that Hierarchical Clustering was able to achieve a Silhouette Score of 0.976, while KMeans achieved a Silhouette Score of 0.954

The Window of Opportunity

Abstract This article explores UK bookselling in terms of the retail buying functions, promotional activity, merchandising, and stock management processes commonly adopted. The business structures and mechanisms that dictate organizational book buying in the UK market are also explored in terms of the time allowed for titles to succeed or fail. These very practical and logistical aspects of retailing are brought to life by the qualitative data obtained through seven semi-structured interviews in 2018–2019. The sample represented actors across the UK publishing industry supply chain but focused predominantly on the book buyer function. This research finds that the sale-or-return purchasing model, prevalent in the UK book trade, plays a crucial role in dictating the window of opportunity for books to succeed or fail; the book-buyer gatekeeper function is pivotal and highly sensitive to local demand; and that local demand is fulfilled through the curation of predictable or proven products in combination with novel or speculative products – the level of purchasing risk is dependent on retail location and footfall. These findings are aligned with organizational buyer behaviour, retail location theory, and buyer behaviour theory.

Modeling the risks process, associated with the violation of rolling stock operation

The article analyzes a possible approach to the construction of a risk management model at the enterprises of the locomotive complex of JSC "Russian Railways" performing rolling stock operation. The suggested model can be implemented in a system for organizing the safety of rolling stock operation. The relevance of improving safety is particularly acute when operating high-tech rolling stock with a high complexity of control algorithms. The objetive is the analysis and development of solutions to improve operational efficiency using a model that provides solutions to the problems of choosing optimal and safe operating modes from the point of view of implementing rolling stock management processes. Reducing the number of violations during the operation of rolling stock can be realized with the active use of a risk-based model that takes into account the possibility of predicting factors that affect the occurrence of risks. In this regard, the issues related to the implementation of risk management in operational locomotive depots are considered. The most rational approach to the implementation of risk management for a variety of uncontrolled factors that have a significant impact on the safety and accident-free operation is given. A model for solving multi-criteria problems is suggested as one of the options for choosing the safe operation of rolling stock.

Decision tree as a tool for implementing a scenario approach for multi-level predictive models

The paper presents a decision-making method for a quantitative income estimation depending on the intensity of the future tourist flow, as a complex indicator reflecting the level of the tourist market in a region or in a separate object (a hotel complex, sanatorium, tourist base, etc.). The authors proposed to use a three-level economic and mathematical model as a practical implementation of the hotel complex room stock management process. Each its level corresponds to a specific task. At the first level it is a pre-forecast study, substantiation and selection of forecasting models. At the second it is a forecast model and the quantitative value of the predicted indicator. At the third level it is a model tohelp a decision maker (DM) with decision making, i.e., a decision tree is applied as a tool. Thus, the authors present a complete system of models and methods of decision support. The results of pre-forecast analysis, development of predictive models, building, adaptation and implementation of top-level economic and mathematical models will help decision makers to make effective management decisions. There by the maneuver material resources, choose sales technologies and search for economic solutions, including in tourism recreational production activities.

An application of business process management in a dental clinic

Micro and small businesses are of great importance to the national environment of a country, due to their participation in economic growth. However, such businesses are characterized as poorly-managed, informal working environments, lacking both process organization and operational and strategic planning, and hence face difficulties in maintaining their position in the marketplace. In this context, the objective of this research was to analyze the case of a dental clinic located in a city from the interior of the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, to understand and define the critical client service and stock management processes, through an application of the Business Process Management (BPM) model. The results show that BPM can be adapted for use with micro and small businesses, offering improvements and standardization for their most important processes.

Clustering optimization in RFM analysis Based on k-Means

RFM stands for Recency, Frequency, and Monetary. RFM is a simple but effective method that can be applied to market segmentation. RFM analysis is used to analyze customer’s behavior which consists of how recently the customers have purchased (recency), how often customer’s purchases (frequency), and how much money customers spend (monetary). In this study, RFM analysis has been used for product segmentation is to be arrayed in terms of recent sales (R), frequent sales (F), and the total money spent (M) using the data mining method. This study has proposed a new procedure for RFM analysis (in product segmentation) using the k-Means method and eight indexes of validity to determine the optimal number of clusters namely Elbow Method, Silhouette Index, Calinski-Harabasz Index, Davies-Bouldin Index, Ratkowski Index, Hubert Index, Ball-Hall Index, and Krzanowski-Lai Index, which can improve the objectivity and similarity of data in product segmentation so that it can improve the accuracy of the stock management process. The evaluation results showed that the optimal number of clusters for the k-Means method applied in the RFM analysis consists of three clusters (segmentation) with a variance value of 0.19113.

Estudo de caso da gestão de estoque de uma clínica de estética

Este artigo apresenta um estudo de caso sobre a gestão de estoque de uma clínica de estética, no qual há uma má administração de reposição, afetando diretamente o cliente. Contudo, foi formulado um instrumento de pesquisa para o responsável da atividade de estoque na empresa, conforme o referencial teórico consultado, para obter informações que estejam causando essa falha na gestão. Entretanto, após a validação das respostas, é notável que existe uma falta de conhecimento sobre o processo de gerenciamento de estoque e importância nessa área. Foram apresentadas técnicas de administração para a resolução desse problema, e, também, melhorias na visualização de como isso é possível afetar a imagem da empresa.

Організаційно-методичні засади аналізу запасів для потреб управління підприємством

The provision of an enterprise with production stocks and their rational structure and efficient use determine the continuity of the production process at the enterprise, contribute to the manufacture of the required volume of products, and save money on working capital investment. Therefore, the analysis of availability and efficiency of production stocks is relevant at all stages of production. The study identifies the problems that arise in the course of stock management, which, in particular, include the following: the accurate calculation of cost per unit of products; the high-quality inspection of the actual condition of the stocks stored at warehouses; the selection of an optimal portfolio of contractual obligations for the supply of the stocks; and the selection of economically justified balances at the warehouse. This paper considers the organizational aspects of the analysis of stocks of economic entities and offers the improved flow chart for the organization of an analytical process of stocks that can be used in the stock management process at the enterprise. The model proposed in this paper can be described using the following stages: the forecast of future sales; the calculation of the required quantity of stocks to meet the needs of the forecast demand for manufactured products; the determination of the reserve stock amount and forecast of the volume of purchases of stocks in view of the above mentioned values; the compilation of an order portfolio and analysis of performance of the generated model.In order to improve stock management, the stock-need model is developed at the enterprise, which allows determining the basic need for raw and consumable materials required for the manufacture of a certain type of products to meet the sales needs.

Improving control efficiency in buffering systems using anticipatory indicators for demand forecasting

Optimization of the stock management process is associated with the search for a forecasting model, a method for generation of a forecasting time series, a model of logistic operation, determining a reasonable level of reserve stocks and establishing the optimization criterion.Successful solution to the optimization problem in general can be achieved only if the whole complex of local management problems is successfully solved. In this case, the method of generation of a cointegrated time series of demand forecasting is the central element of the technology of optimal stocks management. This relates to the fact that probabilistic nature of demand is the main factor reducing efficiency of management in systems of this class.It was shown that the proposed method for improving management efficiency can be used in any economic system due to the possibility of construction of a single logistic operation model.The proposed approach is based on formation of a time series specifically designed to solve the problem of forecasting the demand in stocks buffering systems. Such a series contains both information on sales volumes and data related to consumer demand.Since consumer activity is ahead of the process of physical consumption of products, it becomes possible to use anticipatory markers in forecasting problems.The study of operational processes using a verified indicator of efficiency has confirmed the hypothesis of presence of anticipatory markers within the framework of the formed forecast time series.It has been established that the maximum management efficiency can be achieved in the case of a lower construction accuracy of the forecast model. This is due to the fact that the logistic operation model takes into account the costs of movement of products and their valuation at the operation input and output.

ЕКОНОМІКО-ПРАВОВІ АСПЕКТИ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ЖИТЛОВОГО ФОНДУ УКРАЇНИ

У статті розглянуто економіко-правові аспекти інноваційного розвитку житлового фонду України в умовах євроінтеграційного розвитку економіки України. Сучасний процес реформування житлового фонду України пов'язаний із створенням об’єднань співвласників багатоквартирних будинків (ОСББ), які є неприбутковими організаціями і діють у рамка, визначених законодавством України. На теперішній час конкретний перелік суб’єктів управління житловим фондом є відсутнім. За проведеним аналізом нормативно-законодавчих актів, що регулюють відносини у сфері житлового господарства, можна виділити наступні суб’єкти господарювання: власник житлового будинку або житлового комплексу, співвласник багатоквартирного будинку, об'єднання співвласників багатоквартирного будинку, житлово-комунальні підприємства, управитель, виконавець комунальної послуги, споживач, виконавець. Серед учасників відносин у сфері надання послуг з управління житлом особливо слід виокремити таких суб’єктів, як споживач, виробник та виконавець житлово–комунальних послуг. Співвласники багатоквартирного будинку можуть здійснювати управління житловим фондом самостійно або безпосередньо ухвалюючи певні рішення на зборах. Процес управління житловим фондом характеризується наявністю ієрархії рівнів управління та багатофункціональністю. Узагальнено у хронологічній послідовності зміни у законодавчих та нормативних актах України щодо управління об’єктами житлового фонду, котре дозволило виявити, що на ефективність управління об’єктами житлового фонду впливає недосконалість нормативно-правової бази України. Сучасне економічне державне регулювання житлово-комунальної сфери здійснюється за рахунок податкової, інвестиційної, бюджетної, цінової політики та цінового регулювання. Процес управління житловим фондом, зокрема ОСББ, потребує аналізу методів управління, що застосовуються в теперішній час, та напрацювання досвіду із застосування інноваційних методів, які забезпечать достатній рівень управлінської безпеки. Виділено фактори забезпечення управлінської безпеки житлової сфери. Вбачається потреба у збільшенні обсягів приватно-державного співфінансування програм реконструкції, реставрації, проведення капітальних ремонтів, технічного переоснащення спільного майна у багатоквартирних будинках та реалізації енергоефективних заходів у житлових будинках міст та сіл України.

Firefly Algorithm for Supply Chain Optimization

The firefly algorithm is one of the best latest bio-inspired algorithms, which proved its performance in solving continuous and discrete optimization problems. This paper presents a more detailed comparison study using a set of test functions. The main goal is the application of Firefly algorithm (FA) to solve Lot size optimization in supply chain management which is the most complex part of stock management process. A complexity that comes from the conflict between the minimization of the costs and the maximization of the level of service. For these reason, the traditional methods of lot size control have to deal with the explosion of new needs related to supply chain evolution. The optimal solutions obtained by FA are far better than the best solutions obtained by deterministic methods analyzed in the literature.

Comparison on Human Resource Requirement between Manual and Automated Dispensing Systems

ObjectiveThis study was conducted to compare human resource requirement among manual, automated, and modified automated dispensing systems. MethodsData were collected from the pharmacy department at the 2100-bed university hospital (Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand). Data regarding the duration of the medication distribution process were collected by using self-reported forms for 1 month. The data on the automated dispensing machine (ADM) system were obtained from 1 piloted inpatient ward, whereas those on the manual system were the average of other wards. Data on dispensing, returned unused medication, and stock management processes under the traditional manual system and the ADM system were from actual activities, whereas the modified ADM system was modeled. The full-time equivalent (FTE) of each model was estimated for comparison. ResultsThe result showed that the manual system required 46.84 FTEs of pharmacists and 132.66 FTEs of pharmacy technicians. By adding pharmacist roles on screening and verification under the ADM system, the ADM system required 117.61 FTEs of pharmacists. Replacing counting and filling medication functions by ADM has decreased the number of pharmacy technicians to 55.38 FTEs. After the modified ADM system canceled the return unused medication process, FTEs requirement for pharmacists and pharmacy technicians decreased to 69.78 and 51.90 FTEs, respectively. ConclusionsThe ADM system decreased the workload of pharmacy technicians, whereas it required more time from pharmacists. However, the increased workload of pharmacists was associated with more comprehensive patient care functions, which resulted from the redesigned work process.

ROLE OF FISHERY COOPERATIVES IN FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; THE CASE OF MARMARA SEA, TURKEY

<div><!--block-->In this study it was aimed to determine the role and efficiency of fishery cooperatives on fisheries management, impact of fishing activities on marine ecosystems and socio-economic life of the fishermen by the characteristics of the fisheries and members profile.&nbsp; According to the data provided, total number of fishermen is 3557 from 56 cooperatives by 2010. The rate of member of the cooperatives is 2.8% of which 72.2% are actively working professional fishermen No definite effect of focused cooperatives was observed on the fish stock management process. On the other hand members have some direct and indirect expectations regarding fish stock management. These are; illegal fishing-lack of monitoring, surveillance and control (41.9%), failures to record landings&nbsp; (34.9%), no fishing zones in the near coastal band for the big fishing vessels 18.6(%), insufficient management measures for fishing activities (16.3%), demand to take part in fisheries control system by 9.3 (%), and restriction of high ranged fish finders in the fishing fleet&nbsp; (9.3%), respectively. According to the results of this survey, it was concluded that fisheries cooperatives as the most important professional fisheries groups have not been at the level to cover the needs of fisheries. The reason of the undeveloped state of fishery cooperatives have insufficient financial support to empower cooperatives, lack of auto-control and inspections, as legal, financial, structural and social based problems.&nbsp;</div>

資源管理スケジュールが管理効果に及ぼす影響

資源管理スケジュールが管理効果に与える影響について検討するために，仮想的な資源動態モデルを作成し，シミュレーションを行った。現在，資源評価は毎年行われており，前年までのデータを用いて翌年の生物学的許容漁獲量（ABC）を算定している。若齢魚が漁獲の主体となるマアジではABC算定の対象となる資源量に占める予測加入量の割合が高くなるため，資源管理の時間遅れの影響が大きいと予想されるが，資源評価の見直しを適切に行うことや加入量推定精度の向上によって資源管理の失敗によるリスクを軽減する効果が期待された。

Influência dos sistemas de informação na gestão de estoques em pequenos e médios supermercados

O objetivo deste artigo foi apresentar um estudo de caso múltiplo no qual foi analisada a influência do uso de sistemas de informação na gestão de estoques de pequenos e médios supermercados. Foram avaliadas quatro empresas supermercadistas do interior do Rio Grande do Sul, com diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento no uso de sistemas de informação. O desempenho em gestão de estoques foi apreendido por cinco indicadores escolhidos por especialistas, reunidos em grupo focado, mediado por pesquisador. As principais influências observadas foram no estoque médio, giro de estoque, percentual de faltas e GM-ROI. Entre estas grandezas e o uso do sistema de informações foram observadas correlações fortes e negativas: quanto maior o uso do sistema, mais estas grandezas caem, o que é bom indicativo de gestão. Não foi encontrada influência no volume de vendas.

ERP시스템을 이용한 자동차부품 제조업의 효율적인 가용재고관리 프로세스에 대한 표준화 모델 개발 및 효과분석

본 연구는 자동차부품제조업의 전사적 자원관리(ERP : Enterprise Resource Planning)시스템 전체 모듈중 가용재고관리 프로세스에 대한 표준화 모델을 개발한다. 표준화 모델은 중소기업청 및 중소기업기술정보진흥원에서 제시한 정보화구축 개발 방법론에 준하여 단계별 방법론에 따라 시스템이 구축되게 된다. 표준화 모델은 가용 재고관리 프로세스를 위한 발주관리, 입고관리, 출고관리, 재고관리의 프로세스를 표준화 시키고 표준모듈을 개발한다. 본 연구로 ERP시스템 하에서 가용재고관리 프로세스를 구축하고자 하는 제조기업 및 관련 전문 IT업체 들이 표준화된 모듈을 적용하여 시스템을 보다 효과적으로 구축 할 수 있으며, 시스템에 대한 구축 용이성과 신뢰성을 제공한다. 본 연구 결과를 적용함으로써 기업의 원자재 및 제품의 과다보유를 방지하고 적정, 안전재고를 항시 보유할 수 있으며 실시간 재고파악, 고객납기 준수, 과다제품 생산 방지 및 재고비용 절감 등이 가능하다. The purpose of this research is to develop a standardization model for available stock management process among the entire Enterprise Resource Planning System modules of Automobile Parts Manufacturing Industry. The standardization model system is constructed through the phased method based on the development methodology of information establishment suggested by the Small and Medium Business Administration and Korea Technology and Information Promotion Agency for Small & Medium Enterprises. The standardization model is to develop the process modules of ordering management, storing management, delivering management, and stock management for available stock management process. The study will help the manufacturing business and related IT business which want to construct available stock management process under the ERP system to establish the system more effectively by applying the standardization model and also will provide them with construction availability and reliability. By application of this study results, the businesses will not only prevent the excessive possession of raw materials and products and reserve adequate and steady stock but also will check real-time stock, observe customer due date, decrease over-production and reduce stock cost.