Sticky Tape Research Articles

String & sticky tape experiments

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String & sticky tape experiments

String & sticky tape experiments

Research Note: A Quick and Simple Quantitative Method to Monitor House Fly Populations in Caged Layer Houses

A simple quantitative method (moving sticky tape) to monitor house fly populations in commercial caged layer houses was described and compared with a standard monitoring (spot card) method routinely used in egg houses. Numbers of flies counted by the sticky tape method were highly correlated (.78, P = .005) with those obtained with the spot card method. The moving sticky tape method is quicker and easier to use than the spot card method. The moving sticky tape method has been used satisfactorily since 1985 by the authors and cooperating service managers of commercial caged layer houses to monitor house flies in integrated pest management programs. A fixed sticky tape method was also compared with the spot card method; there was no significant correlation between the numbers of flies counted by these two methods.

String & sticky tape experiments

String & sticky tape experiments

String & sticky tape experiments

String & sticky tape experiments

Is pinworm a vanishing infection? Laboratory surveillance in a New York City medical center from 1971 to 1986.

Records of our parasitology laboratory were reviewed to determine trends in the frequency of specimens submitted for diagnosis of pinworm infection, the proportion of such specimens that were positive, and the proportion of such positive results for the pediatric age group from 1971 to 1986 in a major New York City medical center. These data demonstrate a markedly declining trend in the absolute number of sticky tape tests sent for pinworm diagnosis, from 248 in 1971 to 38 in 1986, an average of 8% decline per year. The number of specimens identifying Enterobius vermicularis among those submitted has similarly declined, from 57 in 1971 to none being positive in 1986, an average of 16% decline per year. The dramatic decline in pinworm identification and the fall in the number of specimens sent by practitioners at this medical center, and reported elsewhere in the United States by other investigators, may reflect a genuine decline in oxyuriasis occurring in the patient populations served.

Control of Latania Scale on Kiwifruit, 1987

Abstract The trial was conducted on 7-yr-old ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit in a commercial vineyard near Marysville, Calif. Eight treatments were replicated 6 times using a completely random design. Each replicate consisted of an individual vine. Vines were examined for scale populations before treatments, and only those having high populations were included in the trial. Materials were applied to run-off (400 gal/acre) with a C02-charged backpack sprayer operating at 30 psi. Applications were made on 2 Mar during the delayed dormant period. Control was evaluated by applying double-backed sticky tape around each of the 2 cordons per vine on 16 and 30 Apr, 1 Jun, 1 Jul, 3 Aug, 1 Sep, and 1 Oct. The tapes were removed 7 days later and all scale crawlers were counted. On 15 Oct, 50 fruit/replicate were inspected for the presence of scale.

Urinary stone analysis

Since crystalline composition of a urinary stone is an expression of urinary chemical conditions prevalent at the time of crystal nucleation and growth, a careful analysis of the stone and identification of constituent crystals is necessary for an understanding of the disease and the initiation of a proper medical regimen for the prevention of stone recurrence. Of the number of methods available, analytical electron microscopic techniques including scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ray microanalysis (XRMA), and electron diffraction (ED) are gaining in popularity.For SEM, the dried stone is fractured through the middle and small pieces representing different areas of the stone are mounted on a carbon planchet or an aluminum stub using a double sticky tape or graphite paint. The specimen is then sputter coated with silver, gold or gold/palladium; or coated with carbon. For morphological examination alone, the specimen can be coated with any of the available conducting substances, but for XRMA the specimen should either be examined uncoated or be coated with carbon, or with a substance whose peaks in the XRMA spectrum do not interfere with the peaks of the elements of interest.

Application of the fiber‐optic perfusion fluorometer to absorption and exsorption studies in hairless mouse skin

This study was undertaken to test the fiber-optic perfusion fluorometer as a direct means of evaluating skin absorption and exsorption in hairless mice. Skin-barrier compromise was accomplished in the absorption experiments by application of dimethyl sulfoxide to the skin surface or by partial removal of the stratum corneum with sticky tape. Absorbed fluorescein was measured easily in unanesthetized control (skin-barrier intact) and experimental mice. Unabsorbed chemical did not fluoresce 15 minutes after application, although it was present on the surface of the skin as a dry powder. The time course of fluorescein elimination from the skin was related to a rapid phase (vascular removal) and a slow phase (reservoir entrapment). In the exsorption experiments the fluorescein was injected intraperitoneally. Back skin on the right side was swabbed with either dimethyl sulfoxide or 1% capsaicin in alcohol prior to the injections, and differences in skin fluorescence on the left (control) and right sides were recorded. One application of dimethyl sulfoxide or capsaicin increased the level of skin exsorption. Three applications of dimethyl sulfoxide almost doubled the amount of exsorbed dye, whereas three applications of the capsaicin inhibited the exsorption process. It was concluded that the fiber-optic perfusion fluorometer provides an excellent technique in support of other methods of investigating the skin.

Invasion of greedy scale crawlers (Hemiberlesia rapax) onto kiwifruit from taraire trees

Taraire (Beilschmiedia tarairi) trees arc commonly found in association with kiwifruit orchards on the free draining volcanic soils in Northland. Greedy scale Hemiberlesia rapax (Comstock) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) were monitored from taraire leaves in 1985-86. A small stand (100x250 m) of taraire adjacent to a kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) orchard was estimated to contain 1-4 million mature scale. Greedy scale crawler activity on the taraire was assessed using sticky tape traps. Aerial dispersal of crawlers was monitored in the kiwifruit orchard adjacent to the taraire using sticky glass traps. Potted kiwifruit trap plants, which had been kept free of scale, were placed in the orchard to measure crawler dispersal and settlement. Two main periods of crawler release, aerial dispersal and settlement occurred in November-January and March-May. These results show that greedy scale can invade kiwifruit orchards in high numbers from adjacent host plants such as taraire.

Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) Population Control Using Mechanical Barriers and Contact Insecticides Applied to Tree Stems

Stem applications of two contact insecticides (carbaryl and a water-based pyrethroid mixture containing fenvalerate and tetramethrin), two chitin-inhibiting benzoylphenylureas (BPU) (diflubenzuron and triflumuron), and three mechanical barrier devices were tested in 1984 for gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), population control (egg mass reduction) on moderately infested red oaks, Quercus rubra L., in Pennsylvania. Sprays applied directly to tree stems and to burlap refugia were tested. Barrier devices included maintained, but unsprayed, burlap refugia; a commercial sticky tape; and a loose insect-trapping adhesive. Gypsy moth density on burlap-banded and unbanded control trees increased by 54 and 190%, respectively. Stem and burlap sprays of BPU resulted in a ca. 50% reduction in egg masses. Burlap sprays of either carbaryl or the pyrethroid mixture appeared to inhibit population increase as did the maintained burlap refugia and both sticky barriers.

Pollen Morphology of the Genus Erythrina (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae) in Relation to Floral Structure and Pollinators

Pollen Morphology of the Genus Erythrina (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae) in Relation to Floral Structure and Pollinators

Tape Lid Retraction

A method of retracting the upper lid with sticky tape is described. Such a tape retraction eliminates the need for a third hand in office procedures such as limbal suture removal, corneal foreign body removal, and anterior segment photography.

String and Sticky Tape Experiments

<i>String and Sticky Tape Experiments</i>

Elemental Composition of Clastoderma Debaryanum Stalks

Clastoderma debaryanum A. Blytt, a myxomycete which commonly develops in moist chamber cultures on bark from living trees, is cosmopolitan in distribution. In many collections of this organism a characteristic amber-like swelling is encountered midway along the stalk. The stalk swelling is a variable character in that collections which key to C. debaryanum sometimes lack this structure (Martin and Alexopoulos, 1969). The original description of C. debaryanum by Blytt in 1880, made no mention of this swelling, but this structure has been found so often by subsequent collectors that it has come to be thought of as being characteristic of the species. We undertook to characterize the elemental composition of sporangial stalks, with and without swellings. Sporangia of C. debaryanum were obtained from the University of Texas Myxomycete Collection (UTMC), The New York Botanical Garden (NYBG), and the National Fungus Collections (BPI). A total of 24 collections were examined from widely scattered geographical areas. Elemental composition was determined with a Kevex model 5100 energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer attached to an AMR 1000A scanning electron microscope. A single sporangium from each collection was mounted on an aluminum stub with double sticky tape. Specimens were coated with carbon and gold-palladium in a Denton high vacuum evaporator. X-ray counts were collected with a 200 sec probe at 30 kV, magnification x 1000, with minimum partial field settings. Spot size was maintained at a constant value and the specimen was held at a tilt of 45? with respect to the detector. Three spectra were obtained from each stalk; one spectrum from the swelling or region of the stalk where the swelling is typically located, a second from a region just above the base of the stalk, and a third from the upper portion of the stalk just below the sporangium. Spectra were smoothed and submitted to background subtraction. Elemental peaks for aluminum, gold, and palladium which were introduced during sample preparation were stripped from the spectra. X-ray counts were recorded for each elemental peak and normalized with respect to a total of 171,982 counts, which was the highest figure obtained with a 200 sec probe. The stalks of C. debaryanum sporangia vary morphologically in that some stalks evenly taper from the base toward the sporangium (FIG. 2) while others possess globular or oval swellings midway along the stalk (FIG. 1). Fusiform swellings which are much less prominent than the swellings depicted in FIG. I are also frequently encountered. X-ray spectra of C. debaryanum stalks consistently revealed the presence of calcium and chlorine (FIGS. 5-10). Sulphur, potassium, and iron were also frequently encountered in measurable quantities. Traces of magnesium, phosphorus,

String and sticky tape experiments

String and sticky tape experiments

Semipermanent microscope slides of microfungi using a sticky tape technique.

A technique is described for making semipermanent microscope slides of fungi using sticky tape. After being touched to a fungal colony, a modified segment of sticky tape is touched to ethyl alcohol and then immersed in a 50% glycerine solution containing cotton blue stain. Finally, it is transferred (sticky side up) to a microscope slide, covered with a cover with a cover glass, and sealed.

An improved radiant heat algometer and its application to pain threshold measurements in man

A radiant heat algometer system is described which enables the psychophysical and clinical study of cutaneous pain sensations and reactions by means of a precise, stabilized power source. In this system DC electric power consumption of a bulb is automatically controlled, and no calibration is necessary to be controlled frequently. Moreover, attention is drawn to the significance of using the blackened sticky tape and of the pre-heating procedure. The application of this algometer is also described for a pain threshold determination with the intensity and time methods.

String and sticky tape experiments

First Page

String and sticky tape experiments

First Page