Stereo Picture Research Articles

An Implementation of Low Cost and Low-power Network Broadcast Data Transmission and Storage System

Abstract A connectivity and realization method for the one-to-many remote network data transmission and storage was introduced in this paper. 3D LED display array needs large size data to display a stereo picture. This method was used in 3D LED display array to resolve data secure transmission problem. Combining the Intel 28FJ3A series Flash and Ethernet control chip DM9000A,it applied the Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and Verilog HDL programming technology to the system, implemented synchronic display and storage of stereograph, and reached 100 Mbps in the network transmission .Testing shows that the system is of low-cost,low-power and high-speed.

3D-TV Production From Conventional Cameras for Sports Broadcast

3DTV production of live sports events presents a challenging problem involving conflicting requirements of maintaining broadcast stereo picture quality with practical problems in developing robust systems for cost effective deployment. In this paper we propose an alternative approach to stereo production in sports events using the conventional monocular broadcast cameras for 3D reconstruction of the event and subsequent stereo rendering. This approach has the potential advantage over stereo camera rigs of recovering full scene depth, allowing inter-ocular distance and convergence to be adapted according to the requirements of the target display and enabling stereo coverage from both existing and `virtual' camera positions without additional cameras. A prototype system is presented with results of sports TV production trials for rendering of stereo and free-viewpoint video sequences of soccer and rugby.

3D 스테레오스코픽(Stereoscopic)기술의 효율적 활용에 관한 연구

입체영상 기술은 차세대 입체 멀티미디어 정보통신 분야에서 공통적으로 요구되는 핵심 기반기술이라 할 수 있다. 현실과 가까운 자연스러운 영상을 표현하고자 하는 입체영상의 구현은 인간이 끊임없이 노력해온 부분으로, 초기의 시각 인식체계에서 시작해 양안시차를 이용한 입체사진을 거쳐 동영상 입체시대로 이행 되었다. 생활이 변화하고, 새로운 문화가 형성되고, IT산업 확장 등 핵심 트렌드의 바탕에는 가상을 실제처럼 구현하는 기술의 발전이 있으며, 그 중심에는 3D 입체영상 기술이 있다. 본 논문에서는 3D 입체영상 기술개발 동향 및 개발전략을 살펴보고, 지속적인 시장 확대를 위한 3D 입체영상 기술의 효율적 활용방안을 제시하고자 한다. Stereoscopic technology can be regarded as core basis technology which is commonly requested in field of next generation stereoscopic multi media information communication. Realization of stereoscopic image in order to express natural images that are close to reality is a part that human constantly put effort, it first began with visual recognition system, went through stereo picture by using binocular disparity and were conducted as video clip stereoscopic age. Life is changing, a new culture is formed, there were technological development which realized imagination as reality based on expansion of IT industry and core trend, and there is 3D stereoscopic image technology in the center. We will look at technology development tendency and development strategy of 3D stereoscopic image in this essay, and will suggest efficient usage plan of 3D stereoscopic image technology for continuous market expansion.

Xanthomonas campestris PqqD in the pyrroloquinoline quinone biosynthesis operon adopts a novel saddle‐like fold that possibly serves as a PQQ carrier

<i>Xanthomonas campestris</i> PqqD in the pyrroloquinoline quinone biosynthesis operon adopts a novel saddle‐like fold that possibly serves as a PQQ carrier

Crystal structure of RecX: A potent regulatory protein of RecA fromXanthomonas campestris

Crystal structure of RecX: A potent regulatory protein of RecA from<i>Xanthomonas campestris</i>

Atomic Resolution Crystal Structures and Quantum Chemistry Meet to Reveal Subtleties of Hydroxynitrile Lyase Catalysis

Hydroxynitrile lyases are versatile enzymes that enantiospecifically cope with cyanohydrins, important intermediates in the production of various agrochemicals or pharmaceuticals. We determined four atomic resolution crystal structures of hydroxynitrile lyase from Hevea brasiliensis: one native and three complexes with acetone, isopropyl alcohol, and thiocyanate. We observed distinct distance changes among the active site residues related to proton shifts upon substrate binding. The combined use of crystallography and ab initio quantum chemical calculations allowed the determination of the protonation states in the enzyme active site. We show that His(235) of the catalytic triad must be protonated in order for catalysis to proceed, and we could reproduce the cyanohydrin synthesis in ab initio calculations. We also found evidence for the considerable pK(a) shifts that had been hypothesized earlier. We envision that this knowledge can be used to enhance the catalytic properties and the stability of the enzyme for industrial production of enantiomerically pure cyanohydrins.

Stereophotographs of diamond and graphite

The direct imaging of atomic arrangement is essential for investigation of materials science. The rotation of forward focusing peaks in photoelectron intensity angular distribution (PIAD) pattern excited by circularly polarized light with the opposite helicities is found to be the same as the parallax in stereo view. Taking advantage of this phenomenon of PIAD circular dichroism, the three-dimensional atomic arrangement visualization of diamond and graphite crystal was realized. Taking a stereo picture around carbon atom, which has been thought difficult due to a small angular momentum and scattering cross section of photoelectron, proved that this method is applicable to various materials consisting of light elements. Furthermore, the local boron dopant site was concluded to be mainly substitutional one from the comparison of B 1s and C 1s PIAD patterns.

Visualization of graphite atomic arrangement by stereo atomscope

The direct visualization of an atomic arrangement is essential for understanding the nature of materials. The rotation of forward focusing peaks in photoelectron angular distribution (PEAD) patterns excited by circularly polarized light with the opposite helicities are found to be the same as the parallax in stereo view. Taking advantage of this phenomenon of PEAD circular dichroism, the three-dimensional atomic arrangement image of graphite crystal was realized. Taking a stereo picture around carbon atom, which has been thought difficult due to a small angular momentum of photoelectron, proved that this method is applicable to all materials including biomolecules.

Structure of the translocator domain of a bacterial autotransporter.

Autotransporters are virulence-related proteins of Gram-negative bacteria that are secreted via an outer-membrane-based C-terminal extension, the translocator domain. This domain supposedly is sufficient for the transport of the N-terminal passenger domain across the outer membrane. We present here the crystal structure of the in vitro-folded translocator domain of the autotransporter NalP from Neisseria meningitidis, which reveals a 12-stranded beta-barrel with a hydrophilic pore of 10 x 12.5 A that is filled by an N-terminal alpha-helix. The domain has pore activity in vivo and in vitro. Our data are consistent with the model of passenger-domain transport through the hydrophilic channel within the beta-barrel, and inconsistent with a model for transport through a central channel formed by an oligomer of translocator domains. However, the dimensions of the pore imply translocation of the secreted domain in an unfolded form. An alternative model, possibly covering the transport of folded domains, is that passenger-domain transport involves the Omp85 complex, the machinery required for membrane insertion of outer-membrane proteins, on which autotransporters are dependent.

X-ray structure of junctional adhesion molecule: structural basis for homophilic adhesion via a novel dimerization motif.

Junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs) are a family of immunoglobulin-like single-span transmembrane molecules that are expressed in endothelial cells, epithelial cells, leukocytes and myocardia. JAM has been suggested to contribute to the adhesive function of tight junctions and to regulate leukocyte trans migration. We describe the crystal structure of the recombinant extracellular part of mouse JAM (rsJAM) at 2.5 A resolution. rsJAM consists of two immunoglobulin-like domains that are connected by a conformationally restrained short linker. Two rsJAM molecules form a U-shaped dimer with highly complementary interactions between the N-terminal domains. Two salt bridges are formed in a complementary manner by a novel dimerization motif, R(V,I,L)E, which is essential for the formation of rsJAM dimers in solution and common to the known members of the JAM family. Based on the crystal packing and studies with mutant rsJAM, we propose a model for homophilic adhesion of JAM. In this model, U-shaped JAM dimers are oriented in cis on the cell surface and form a two-dimensional network by trans-interactions of their N-terminal domains with JAM dimers from an opposite cell surface.

VIBRATION SIGNAL MEASUREMENT: AN ALTERNATIVE FOR DESCRIBING MECHANICAL GRINDING PROCESS

ABSTRACT Grinding of minerals by mechanical means emits a strong noise signal, which varies with the changes of the operating state. With the goal of applying the phenomenon as a monitoring techniques in grinding, the vibration signal from a laboratory scale batchwise ball mill was measured and processed under different grinding conditions. To build up a “stereo picture” of the milling state, the source vibration was picked up by means of an accelerometer (mechanical) and a microphone (acoustic pressure). The time-domain vibration signals picked up from grinding were transformed into frequency-domain spectra. The spectrum was divided into three sub-frequency bands consisting of one or more significant peaks. The power spectra were illustrated and compared by 3-D illustration. Larger differences between dry and wet grinding were found for an acoustic signal than for the mechanical vibration signal. It was found that the first two principal components’ accounted for 98% of the total variations of the mechanical vibration signals. The relations between the principal components and the parameters of measurement setup were established by multiple regression.

The Effect of Picture Compression on Estimation of Depth

The reduction of information in pictures is known as picture compression. The present work applies a psychophysical technique to evaluate the efficiency of compression algorithms. Two algorithms for stereo picture compression-one consistent with the suppression theory and the other with the fusion theory of depth perception-were compared and evaluated. Subjects estimated depth differences, and we found that these estimates under compressed conditions were as reliable as those under regular stereo conditions and significantly more reliable than estimates under mono conditions. We also found that picture compression results in a so-called depth recruitment phenomenon: the exponent of the psychophysical function was larger under compressed conditions than under the stereo condition. In contrast to performance in other tasks requiring depth perception, there was no difference in performance between the compression conditions.

Performance Consequences of Two Types of Stereo Picture Compression

Two algorithms for stereo picture compression were evaluated. According to one algorithm, consistent with the fusion theory of depth perception, the reduction of information in the two pictures was about equal. The other algorithm, consistent with the suppression theory of depth perception, was based on very deep compression of one picture and minimal reduction of information in the second picture. Subjects performed depth decisions and object decisions on the compressed picture. They were able to perform both tasks on the compressed pictures, though performance generally was worse than in the un-compressed control conditions. In both tasks performance was better for an uneven division of information between the two pictures. These results are consistent with the suppression theory of depth perception.

Extraction of 3-dimensional coordinates from a stereo picture

Stereoscopic pictures illustrating journal articles are relatively common in x-ray crystallographic or molecular mechanics studies. We describe a computer program that translates a stereo picture of a 3D model back into the XYZ coordinates of the model so that the model can be rotated, its energy calculated and detailed information not available from the original paper can be determined. The source code of the program is included on disk as 3D.FOR.

Stereo TV System with Sterwo Sound

Stereo TV transmission is yet to appear on the scene. TV transmission normally cerries video signal accompanied by audio signal. While stereo sound transmission, popularly known as stereo radio, is well established, so far the main obstecle for stereo TV seems to be the development of a suitable stereo picture tube to display the 2 chamnel (stereo) video signals. Such 2 channel (stereo) video signals can be obtained from a pair of TV cameras suitably mounted like the eyes of an observer. The first author has suggested a stereo TV system using present day color TV receiver with a trigun shadow mask color picture tube1. In essence, in that system, a11 the phosphor dots of one color (say, red) on the picture tube screen are excited by one electronbeam in proportion to the video signal from one of the (say, right side) TV cameras of a pair of monochrome TV cameras, suitable mounted to take binocular (right and left) views of the object. Likewise, all the phosphor dots of another color (say, green) are excited by another electron beam in proportion to the video signal from the other (left side) TV camera. The third electron beam is cut off, so the third color (blue) phosphor dots are not excited.

Lack of low-density cosmic-ray tracks

A diligent search for low-density (quark) tracks in cloud-chamber pictures of cosmic rays has been negative. The flux of fractionally charged particles in extensive air showers (EAS) is estimated, at a 90% confidence level, to be less than 2 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}11}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ ${\mathrm{sr}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ ${\mathrm{sec}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for particles having a charge of $\frac{2}{3}e$, less than 8 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}11}$ for $\frac{1}{3}e$, less than 7 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}$ for $\frac{1}{4}e$, and less than 1 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$ for $\frac{1}{6}e$, where $e$ is the charge on an electron. The chambers were triggered by EAS about once an hour; the ions were allowed to diffuse so that individual droplets could be counted; the positive- and negative-ion columns were separated in an electric field so that the timing of the tracks was measured and the proper operation of the cloud chamber monitored. Individual droplets were counted "by hand" (looking in microscopes) and by automated methods. Artificial low-density tracks were superimposed on regular pictures to train the scanners and to measure their efficiency. 200 000 stereo picture pairs containing ${10}^{6}$ cosmic-ray tracks have been scanned for quark tracks; none has been found.

Automatic Determination of Crystal Structure

Several crystallographic computer programs have been organized into one large automatic program for solving crystal structures. The emphasis of this organization has been to produce a noninteractive system, that is, to have all decisions made by the computer. Input data are the raw intensity data, cell constants, space group, chemical formula, and other miscellaneous items. The output is a stereo picture of the contents in a unit cell. The program, operating in a noninteractive mode, has successfully solved compounds of unknown structure; in addition, for a test compound of completely unknown composition, this program deduced the correct structure with an average error in bond distance of 0.05 angstrom and an average error in bond angle of 7 degrees .

Binocular Depth Perception of Computer-Generated Patterns

The perception of depth involves monocular and binocular depth cues. The latter seem simpler and more suitable for investigation. Particularly important is the problem of finding binocular parallax, which involves matching patterns of the left and right visual fields. Stereo pictures of familiar objects or line drawings preclude the separation of interacting cues, and thus this pattern-matching process is difficult to investigate. More insight into the process can be gained by using unfamiliar picture material devoid of all cues except binocular parallax. To this end, artificial stereo picture pairs were generated on a digital computer. When viewed monocularly, they appear completely random, but if viewed binocularly, certain correlated point domains are seen in depth. By introducing distortions in this material and testing for perception of depth, it is possible to show that pattern-matching of corresponding points of the left and right visual fields can be achieved by first combining the two fields and then searching for patterns in the fused field. By this technique, some interesting properties of this fused binocular field are revealed, and a simple analog model is derived. The interaction between the monocular and binocular fields is also describea. A number of stereo images that demonstrate these and other findings are presented.