Reduction Step Research Articles

Simultaneous Down-Regulation of Dominant Cinnamoyl CoA Reductase and Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase Dramatically Altered Lignin Content in Mulberry

Mulberry (Morus alba L.) is a significant economic tree species in China. The lignin component serves as a critical limiting factor that impacts both the forage quality and the conversion efficiency of mulberry biomass into biofuel. Cinnamoyl CoA reductase (CCR; EC 1.21.1.44) and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD; EC 1.1.1.95) are the key enzymes that catalyze the final two reductive steps in the biosynthesis of monolignols. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive functional analysis to validate the predominant CCR genes involved in monolignol biosynthesis. In this study, we initially validated the predominant CCR genes implicated in monolignol biosynthesis through an extensive functional analysis. Phylogenetic analysis, tissue-specific expression profiling and enzymatic assays indicated that MaCCR1 is the authentic CCR involved in lignin biosynthesis. Furthermore, the expression level of MaCCR1 exhibited a significant positive correlation with lignin content, and the down-regulation of MaCCR1 via virus-induced gene silencing resulted in altered lignin content in mulberry. The down-regulation of MaCCR1 and MaCAD3/4, both individually and concurrently, exhibited markedly different effects on lignin content and mulberry growth. Specifically, the simultaneous down-regulation of MaCCR1 and MaCAD3/4 significantly altered lignin content in mulberry, resulting in dwarfism of the plants. Conversely, the down-regulation of MaCAD3/4 alone not only decreased lignin content but also led to an increase in biomass. These findings offer compelling evidence elucidating the roles of MaCCRs in mulberry and identify specific target genes, thereby providing a crucial foundation for the genetic modification of lignin biosynthesis.

Impact of input volume on red cell quality in deglycerolized RBCs using a modified ACP-215 protocol.

The ACP 215 automated cell processor is used to glycerolize and deglycerolize red cell concentrates (RCCs). Its primary advantage over the COBE 2991, previously used to cryopreserve RCCs, is that it maintains a closed system enabling extended post-thaw expiry. However, it was observed that post-deglycerolization hematocrits (Hct) of units processed with the LN236 kit are markedly lower than those processed using the COBE 2991. Therefore, we intended to determine whether a modified process using a smaller volume deglycerolization kit (LN235) could increase the final Hct with limited deleterious effects on product characteristics. Two proof-of-concept (POC) studies, conducted to determine the feasibility of using the LN235 processing kit for deglycerolization, identified the necessary modifications to the pre- and post-deglycerolization process, after which a two-part study characterized the modified protocol. The impact of pre-cryopreservation storage duration (7-21 days), input red cell mass, and the type of CPD/SAGM RCC production method (red cell filtration and whole blood filtration) were investigated. Using the LN235 kit in conjunction with a volume reduction step for RCCs with a red cell mass exceeding 180 mL allowed for an ~8% increase in Hct. As expected, slightly lower recoveries were seen for large RCCs due to volume reduction; however, there were no other detrimental outcomes on product quality. Leveraging the LN235 kit, recommended by Haemonetics for units with a red cell mass of ≤180 mL, can be used to increase the post-deglycerolization Hct of RCCs that exceed this volume.

Microwave-Driven Reduction Accelerates Oxygen Exchange in Perovskite Oxides.

Microwave-assisted oxide reduction has emerged as a promising method to electrify chemical looping processes for renewable hydrogen production. Moreover, these thermochemical cycles can be used for thermochemical air separation, electrifying the O2 generation by applying microwaves in the reduction step. This approach offers an alternative to conventional cryogenic air separation, producing pure streams of O2 and N2. The electrification by microwaves lowers the requirements for titanate perovskites (CaTi1-xMnxO3-δ), which typically demand high temperatures for thermochemical cycles. Microwave activation allows for a drastic reduction in the operation conditions of the reduction reaction, leading to unprecedentedly rapid absorption-desorption cycles (<3 min per cycle). For CaTi0.8Mn0.2O3-δ, we achieved a cycle-averaged O2 production of 2.6 mL g-1 min-1 at 800 °C, surpassing conventional values of materials operating in the high-temperature regime. This method could significantly impact thermochemical air separation by enabling a faster oxygen absorption-desorption cycle at more moderate temperatures than those of conventionally heated processes.

Supramolecular pre‐organisation rhodium and iridium metal complexes within M12L24 self‐assembled nanospheres for the confined synthesis Rh/Ir alloyed nanoparticles

Controlling the size and composition of metal nanoparticles is of considerable interest, as these are essential to their catalytic properties. We report the controlled synthesis Rh nanoparticles by preorganisation of metal complexes inside Pt12L24 nanospheres based on complementary hydrogen bonds before the reduction step that leads to nanoparticle formation. The encapsulated RhI complexes (Rh‐s @ G‐sphere) led to reasonable size control (2.8 ± 0.9 nm). We also report the formation of Rh‐Ir alloyed nanoparticles with varying Rh/Ir compositions. These heterometallic particles were evaluated in the hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde (7) as a probe reaction. Besides a high activity in this probe reaction, the Rh particles also catalyzed the conversion of the solvent (CH3CN). The formed basic amine leads to follow‐up reactions of the product and compatibility issues with the hosting nanosphere. The solvent hydrogenation was effectively suppressed by using the Rh:Ir alloyed nanoparticles, provided that they contain &gt;66% Ir. The Rh:Ir alloyed nanoparticles displayed high catalytic activity, reaching optimal selectivity and activity at an 8:16 ‐ Rh:Ir ratio. The combined catalytic results illustrate that pre‐organisation of the metal complexes in the nanosphere before the reduction with hydrogen effectively facilitates the formation of Rh:Ir alloyed nanoparticles.

One Step Reduction of Coral-Like Palladium-Gold-Copper Trimetallic Alloy Nanoparticles (Pd-Au-Cu NPs) and Its Investigation As Photothermal-Enhanced Fenton Catalytic Degradation of Organic Dye Pollutants

One Step Reduction of Coral-Like Palladium-Gold-Copper Trimetallic Alloy Nanoparticles (Pd-Au-Cu NPs) and Its Investigation As Photothermal-Enhanced Fenton Catalytic Degradation of Organic Dye Pollutants

Hydrotalcite-derived well-dispersed and thermally stable cobalt nanoparticle catalyst for ammonia decomposition

Ammonia is a carbon-free hydrogen carrier, and development of non-noble metal catalyst to decompose ammonia into hydrogen is desirable for practical applications. However, the metal catalyst is challenged by the sintering of metal particles under high-temperature reaction conditions. In this study, a series of Li-, Al-, and Co-containing hydrotalcite-like compounds (HTlc) were synthesized by co-precipitation and used as precursors to prepare well-dispersed and thermally stable Co nanoparticle catalysts for ammonia decomposition. The obtained precursors and catalysts were characterized by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM), and so on. All of the precursors formed hydrotalcite-like phase, which consisted of Li–Al–(Co) HTlc and/or Co–Al HTlc dependent on the Co content. Upon calcination at 500 °C, HTlc decomposed into an Al-substituted Co3O4 spinel oxide, as confirmed by two distinctly separated reduction steps in H2-TPR. Following reduction at 700 °C, well-dispersed Co metal nanoparticles with an average particle size of ∼9.2–12.4 nm were obtained. It was suggested that the incorporation of Al3+ into Co3O4 led to a strong interaction between cobalt and aluminum, which suppressed the crystal growth of Co3O4 and the sintering of Co metal during the thermal treatments, resulting in good Co dispersion. The optimal LiAlCo(1.5) catalyst showed superior activity than that prepared by impregnation method, giving almost complete conversion of ammonia at 575 °C under a space velocity of 5,000 mL gcat–1 h–1. More importantly, this catalyst maintained stable activity at 625 °C for 100 h, exhibiting high stability and sintering resistance. The good catalytic performance was attributed to the high Co metal dispersion and strong metal–support interaction benefiting from the uniform distribution of cobalt in the HTlc precursor. These results demonstrate the applicability of HTlc to the preparation of metal catalysts with improved dispersion and thermal stability.

Isocyanide Ligation Enables Electrochemical Ammonia Formation in a Synthetic Cycle for N2 Fixation.

Transition-metal-mediated splitting of N2 to form metal nitride complexes could constitute a key step in electrocatalytic nitrogen fixation, if these nitrides can be electrochemically reduced to ammonia under mild conditions. The envisioned nitrogen fixation cycle involves several steps: N2 binding to form a dinuclear end-on bridging complex with appropriate electronic structure to cleave the N2 bridge followed by proton/electron transfer to release ammonia and bind another molecule of N2. The nitride reduction and N2 splitting steps in this cycle have differing electronic demands that a catalyst must satisfy. Rhenium systems have had limited success in meeting these demands, and studying them offers an opportunity to learn strategies for modulating reactivity. Here, we report a rhenium system in which the pincer supporting ligand is supplemented by an isocyanide ligand that can accept electron density, facilitating reduction and enabling the protonation/reduction of the nitride to ammonia under mild electrochemical conditions. The incorporation of isocyanide raises the N-H bond dissociation free energy of the first N-H bond by 10 kcal/mol, breaking the usual compensation between pKa and redox potential; this is attributed to the separation of the protonation site (nitride) and the reduction site (delocalized between Re and isocyanide). Ammonia evolution is accompanied by formation of a terminal N2 complex, which can be oxidized to yield bridging N2 complexes including a rare mixed-valent complex. These rhenium species define the steps in a synthetic cycle that converts N2 to NH3 through an electrochemical N2 splitting pathway, and show the utility of a second, tunable supporting ligand for enhancing nitride reactivity.

In-situ monitoring of µm-sized electrochemically generated corrosion pits using Lamb waves managed by a sparse array of piezoelectric transducers

Corrosion is a major threat in the aeronautic industry, both in terms of safety and cost. Efficient, versatile, and cost affordable solutions for corrosion monitoring are thus needed. Ultrasonic Lamb Waves (LW) appear to be very efficient for corrosion monitoring and can be made cost effective and versatile if emitted and received by a sparse array of piezoelectric elements (PZT). A LW solution relying on a sparse PZT array and allowing to monitor µm-sized corrosion pit growth on stainless 316L grade steel plate is here evaluated. Experimentally, the corrosion pit size is electrochemically controlled by both the imposed electrical potential and the injection of a corrosive NaCl solution through a capillary located at the desired pit location. In parallel, the corrosion pit growth is monitored in-situ every 10 s by sending and measuring LW using a sparse array of 4 PZTs bonded to the back of the steel plate enduring corrosion. As a ground truth information, the corrosion pit volume is estimated as the dissolved volume balancing the electronic charges exchanged during corrosion. The corrosion pit radius is additionally checked post-experiment precisely with an optical measurement. Measured LW signals are then post-processed in order to compute a collection of synthetic damage indexes (DIs). After dimension reduction steps, obtained DI values correlates extremely well with the corrosion pit radius. Using a linear model relating those DI values to corrosion pit radius, it is demonstrated that corrosion pit from 30 µm to 150 µm can be reliably detected, located, and their upcoming size extrapolated. Two independent experiments were achieved in order to ensure the repeatability of the proposed approach. LW managed by a sparse PZT array thus appears to be reliable and efficient to monitor growth of µm-sized corrosion pits on 316L steel plates. If embedded in aeronautical structure, such an approach could be a versatile and cost-effective alternative to actual non-destructive maintenance procedures that are time and manpower consuming.

Management of Neglected Facial Fracture: A Case Report

Introduction: Neglected fracture occurs where there has been a delay of more than 30 days. The maxillofacial fracture complex is the most common fracture in traffic accidents. The most common maxillofacial fractures are Naso-Orbito-Etmoid (NOE), Lefort fracture, Zygomatic Complex (ZMC), Palate Fracture, and Parasymphysis Fracture. Neglected fractures lead to delayed treatment, worsening conditions, and even disability. Case: A 52-year-old male patient presents with complaints of facial bone fracture after being involved in a motor vehicle accident. CT scan examination showed: Multiple fractures of the bilateral nasal bones, interethmoidal septum, anterior walls of bilateral frontal sinuses, bilateral lamina papyracea of the ethmoid bone, anterior, medial, and lateral walls of bilateral maxillary bones all support Le Fort II. fracture, extending to bilateral dentoalveolar processes, bilateral zygomatic bones, and right mandibular parasymphysis. Case Management: The ORIF technique was used for the upper, middle, and lower face fractures in a preferred order. The palatal reduction and fixation step was frequently the first in this sequence. When proper occlusion was achieved, it was maintained by intermaxillary fixation. Conclusion: There was a significant result in correcting the functional, mastication, and aesthetic of the mid and lower face by using surgical management of facial fractures using ORIF. Keywords: Facial fracture, Neglected fracture, ORIF

Simultaneous Quantitation of Multiple Biological Thiols Using Reactive Ionization and Derivatization with Charged Mass Tags.

The biologically important thiols (cysteine, homocysteine, N-acetyl cysteine, and glutathione) are key species in redox homeostasis, and there is a clinical need to measure them rapidly, accurately, and simultaneously at low levels in complex biofluids. The solution to the challenge presented here is based on a new derivatizing reagent that combines a thiol-selective unit to optimize the chemical transformation and a precharged pyridinium unit chosen to maximize sensitivity in mass spectrometry. Derivatization is performed simultaneously with ionization ("reactive ionization"), and mass spectrometry is used to record and characterize the thiol reaction products. The method is applicable over the concentration range from 1 μM to 10 mM and is demonstrated for 25 blood serum, 1 plasma, and 3 types of tissue samples. The experiment is characterized by limited sample preparation (<4 min) and short analysis time (<1 min). High precision and accuracy (both better than 8%) are validated using independent HPLC-MS analysis. Cystine-cysteine redox homeostasis can be monitored by introducing an additional reduction step, and the accuracy and precision of these results are also validated by HPLC-MS.

Phase-dependent photo-assisted electrocatalytic conversion of nitrate to ammonia using TiO2: Insights into amorphous and rutile activity

The rise in nitrogen-containing compounds in water sources due to modern agricultural practices has intensified the need to effectively convert nitrate to ammonia, a valuable fertiliser and fuel. We developed a photo-assisted electrocatalytic system using a NiO/Au plasmon/TiO2 composite to selectively reduce nitrate to ammonia under visible light, at neutral pH, and at room temperature. TiO2 was found to be the active catalyst, but the precise active structure responsible for each catalytic step remains unclear, as the reaction involves a complex, multistep process. By analyzing the catalytic activity of different TiO2 phases, we found that amorphous TiO2 significantly enhances the nitrate-to-nitrite reduction step, increasing nitrite concentration in solution by nearly 50 % and resulting in a 10 % increase in Faradaic efficiency for this product. Conversely, the rutile phase plays a crucial role in the subsequent conversion of nitrite to ammonia. When the rutile phase was present, the ammonia yield more than doubled, leading to a 30 % increase in Faradaic efficiency. This phase-dependent behaviour provides critical insights into improving nitrate reduction efficiency, enabling sustainable agricultural practices that recycle nutrients, reduce fertiliser costs, and promote economic sustainability.

A Study of Loss Model Parameter Sensitivity in Compressor Unsteady Flow Simulations

Abstract This article presents results from a comprehensive sensitivity analysis focused on loss models used in a recently developed compressor unsteady mean line flow model for a transonic axial-centrifugal compressor. The mean line flow model treats flow through rotors and stators in their respective reference frames (rotating or stationary), and the compressor performance is determined by the kinetic energy addition and various physics-based loss models in relative frames. In this paper, we describe the modeling approach of the compressor flow model, as well as the loss models that are used to obtain a relatively good match against test data. Sensitivity studies of selected loss model parameters are presented to show the effect of individual loss model parameters on the overall compressor characteristics in the entire speed range. The effects of losses on unsteady flow transients are assessed by comparing the transient responses when a step reduction of throttle area is applied. The comparisons show that the change in loss magnitude has weak effects on transient response if the change of loss does not significantly change the system stability.

Research-Based Islamic Education Curriculum Management

This study examines the management and implementation of a research-based curriculum to understand how Islamic education can integrate contemporary scientific knowledge with traditional religious teachings. Using a qualitative approach, case study design at Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) Zainul Hasan Balung, data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The validity of the findings used triangulation techniques, and data analysis followed the three steps of data reduction, presentation, and conclusion/verification. The study findings indicate that the curriculum was developed through a comprehensive planning process, including needs assessment and stakeholder collaboration to align with madrasah education's vision, mission, and goals. Its implementation involved structured research activities by forming Youth Scientific Groups (KIR) and Innovative Product Groups, which provided students with hands-on experience in scientific research and inquiry. This approach effectively fostered critical thinking, problem-solving, and research skills among students. Teachers received ongoing training to guide students' research activities, ensuring effective curriculum delivery. The study also identified challenges, such as the need for adequate teacher preparation and appropriate learning materials, which were addressed through training programs and the development of research pocketbooks. The evaluation process used authentic assessments, such as portfolios and research proposals, to ensure continuous improvement and adaptation of the curriculum. Research-based curriculum management at MTs Zainul Hasan Balung shows that integrating research-oriented learning can improve Islamic education and prepare students for modern challenges while maintaining Islamic values. These findings provide valuable insights for Islamic educational institutions that want to implement research-based curricula effectively.

Empowering Charactered Education: The Impact of Educational Management on Islamic Guidance and Counseling for Vocational High School Students

This research aims to analyse the role of educational management in field of Islamic guidance and counselling in creating character education for students at SMKN 1 Praya. The subjects in this study were school principals, educators, and education staff. While the object used is several students. The approach is qualitative, using a qualitative design and data collection methods including documentation, interviews, and observation. The steps of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion-drawing were all included in the interactive model developed by Miles, Huberman, and Saldana for the analysis of the data. The findings indicate that the planning for guidance and counseling services is spot on, that the implementation of the services is carried out by guidance and counseling teachers in accordance with the plan because they are aware of their responsibilities, and that the implementation of the services is program-based. However, certain programs cannot be carried out effectively. It is not ideal for the principals to oversee the guidance and counseling services program. Since character education is not offered in every subject at every educational institution, this study differs from earlier studies in the field. The study's findings can serve as a guide for character development in all educational settings, particularly when it comes to practically integrating character education into all subjects and extracurricular activities

Genetic diversity insights from population genomics and machine learning tools for Nordic Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) populations

Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) is a salmonid species of high ecological and commercial value in the Holarctic region. Nevertheless, more information is needed about its underlying genetic diversity and population structure in the Nordics, especially regarding farmed populations. High-throughput sequencing was applied in three Arctic charr populations of anadromous or landlocked origin from Finland, Norway and Sweden. More specifically, the animals from the Swedish and Norwegian populations originated from a major egg supplier and producer, respectively. Furthermore, in the case of the Finnish population, the sampled animals originated from the only active conservation program for Arctic charr in the country with a potential interest in farming. Using double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq) on more than 500 fish, over 2000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), both in the form of individual SNPs and as read haplotypes, were used to study the genetic diversity and structure of those populations. Genetic diversity metrics were similar between the Norwegian and the Swedish populations. However, substantially lower (40–50 %) genetic diversity was found in the Finnish population. Moreover, considerable genetic differentiation was implied between the studied populations as the mean fixation index (FST) was above 0.1 in all pairwise comparisons. All populations were easily discernible through either principal component analysis (PCA) or discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC). In addition, unsupervised machine learning models such as K-means, Gaussian and Bayesian Gaussian mixtures were assessed for their ability to detect genetic clusters. A preceding dimensionality reduction step by PCA resulted in all three models, suggesting that the most probable number of clusters was three. Overall, our study affirmed the utility of the developed ddRAD-seq genotyping method and unveiled the genetic structure of the studied populations, both of which could contribute to their more efficient management by captive breeding.

Electrochemical behavior of tantalum ion in LiF-NaF-K2TaF7 molten salt system

It is of great significance to clarify the electrochemical behavior of Ta5+ in LiF-NaF-K2TaF7 molten salt systems for the preparation of tantalum metal by molten salt electrodeposition. The aim of this work was to explore the reaction steps and behavior of the reduction of metal Ta from Ta5+ in fluorine molten salt by electrochemical method. The cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, chronopotentiometry were used to determine the reduction steps of Ta5+. The results showed that there were two reduction steps which the first reduction step R1 was TaF72−+2e−⇌TaF3+4F− and the second reduction step R2 was TaF3+3e−→Ta+3F−. SEM, XRD and EDS results showed that the reduction product of Ta5+ in molten salt is Ta and the tantalum atom was selectively deposited and grew on the (200) crystal plane in priority.

StCDF1: A 'jack of all trades' clock output with a central role in regulating potato nitrate reduction activity.

Transcription factors of the CYCLING DOF FACTOR (CDF) family activate in potato the SP6A FT tuberization signal in leaves. In modern cultivars, truncated StCDF1.2 alleles override strict SD control by stabilizing the StCDF1 protein, which leads to StCOL1 suppression and impaired activation of the antagonic SP5G paralog. By using DAP-seq and RNA-seq studies, we here show that StCDF1 not only acts as an upstream regulator of the day length pathway but also directly regulates several N assimilation and transport genes. StCDF1 directly represses expression of NITRATE REDUCTASE (NR/NIA), which catalyses the first reduction step in nitrate assimilation, and is encoded by a single potato locus. StCDF1 knock-down lines performed better in N-limiting conditions, and this phenotype correlated with derepressed StNR expression. Also, deletion of the StNR DAP-seq region abolished repression by StCDF1, while it did not affect NLP7-dependent activation of the StNR promoter. We identified multiple nucleotide polymorphisms in the DAP-seq region in potato cultivars with early StCDF1 alleles, suggesting that this genetic variation was selected as compensatory mechanism to the negative impact of StCDF1 stabilization. Thereby, directed modification of the StCDF1-recognition elements emerges as a promising strategy to enhance limiting StNR activity in potato.

Dynamic Asymmetric Diamination of Allylic Alcohols through Borrowing Hydrogen Catalysis: Diastereo‐Divergent Synthesis of Tetrahydrobenzodiazepines

AbstractWe present herein a catalytic enantioconvergent diamination of racemic allylic alcohols with the construction of two C−N bonds and 1,3‐nonadjacent stereocenters. This iridium/chiral phosphoric acid cooperative catalytic system operates through an atom‐economical borrowing hydrogen amination/aza‐Michael cascade, and converts readily available phenylenediamines and racemic allylic alcohols to 1,5‐tetrahydrobenzodiazepines in high enantioselectivity. An intriguing solvent‐dependent switch of diastereoselectivity was also observed. Mechanistic studies suggested a dynamic kinetic resolution process involving racemization through a reversible Michael addition, making the last step of asymmetric imine reduction the enantiodetermining step of this cascade process.

Optimizing Social Media as a Marketing Media for Kampoeng Farmers' Coffee Products (Case Study of PT. Galang Smart Indonesia)

This research aims to determine the optimization of social media in marketing Kampoeng Farmer Coffee Products at PT. Galang Smart Indonesia. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research using data collection methods through observation, interviews and documentation. The data that has been collected is processed using data reduction steps, data presentation, and drawing conclusions/verification. The research results show that the management of Instagram and WhatsApp social media in marketing Kampoeng farmer coffee products can be said to be quite optimal. Optimization is carried out starting from the use of features on Instagram social media such as Feed, Instastory, Direct Message, Caption, Tags and Hashtags, and Reels. On WhatsApp Business, the catalog feature, status and message features are used automatically. By optimizing social media, Instagram and WhatsApp, it influences the level of sales at PT. Galang Smart Indonesia

Producing Activated Biochar from the Reuse of Discarded Coffee Grounds with Enhanced Adsorptive Features Explored Towards the Stripping Voltammetric Sensing of Copper (II)

AbstractThis work aims to allocate coffee grounds waste to the production of biochar from pyrolysis under different temperatures (350 °C and 500 °C), to add value to it. The resulting materials were characterized by immediate, elemental, thermogravimetric analysis, SEM, FT‐IR, XRD and Raman spectroscopy. Additionally, the need to activate the biochar produced for the desired use was evaluated. The obtained biochars were applied in electroanalysis in the manufacture of modified carbon paste electrodes. This choice was made due to the possibility of reaching a high sensitivity towards the determination of Cu2+ ions. The differential pulse adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry technique was applied to perform the Cu2+ determination and, in this case, several parameters were optimized, including biochar’ percentage, pH of pre‐accumulation step and reduction/stripping step, pre‐accumulation time, potential and time of reduction of adsorbed‐Cu2+. From this, the proposed modified electrode showed a linear voltammetric response towards Cu2+ in the range of 66.1 to 3997.3 ppb, with a limit of detection of 31.8 ppb, in addition to having been satisfactorily applied in the analysis of water samples (recoveries close to 100 %). Thus, demonstrating the potential for reuse of discarded coffee grounds for the preparation of activated biochar with outstanding electrochemical performance.