Implementation Steps Research Articles

Applying Entropy Weighting and 2-Tuple Linguistic T-Spherical Fuzzy MCDM: A Case Study of Developing a Strategic Sustainability Plan for Istanbul Airport

This study presents a novel sustainability plan tailored for Istanbul Airport, leveraging advanced decision-making methodologies to address the urgent need for sustainable practices in aviation. By integrating the entropy weighting and 2-tuple linguistic T-spherical fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) models, the study offers a comprehensive approach to evaluating and prioritizing sustainability criteria based on expert input from 12 professionals. The novelty of this research lies in its unique combination of advanced MCDM techniques with cutting-edge technologies, including IoT-enabled monitoring systems, digital twin models, blockchain-based sustainability reporting, and carbon capture initiatives, tailored specifically for large-scale airport operations. The study develops a phased implementation roadmap comprising three stages: (1) a short-term focus on energy efficiency and renewable energy infrastructure, achieving significant cost reductions within a 3–7.5-year payback period; (2) medium-term initiatives integrating IoT and digital twins to enhance operational efficiency; and (3) long-term measures incorporating carbon capture and blockchain for transparency and compliance. Key implementation steps include upgrading energy systems, deploying IoT sensors, creating digital replicas of airport infrastructure, and establishing regulatory and stakeholder collaboration frameworks. This research contributes a replicable framework for airports worldwide, bridging theoretical models with actionable solutions.

Uses of artificial intelligence and machine learning in systematic reviews of education research

The speed and volume of scientific publishing is accelerating, both in terms of number of authors and in terms of the number of publications by each author. At the same time, the demand for knowledge synthesis and dissemination is increasing in times of upheaval in the education sector. For systematic reviewers in the field of education, this poses a challenge in the balance between not excluding too many possibly relevant studies and handling increasingly large corpora that result from document retrieval. Efforts to manually summarise and synthesise knowledge within or across domains are increasingly running into constraints on resources or scope, but questions about the coverage and quality of automated review procedures remain. This article makes the case for integrating computational text analysis into current review practices in education research. It presents a framework for incorporating computational techniques for automated content analysis at various stages in the traditional workflow of systematic reviews, in order to increase their scope or improve validity. At the same time, it warns against naively using models that can be complex to understand and to implement without devoting enough resources to implementation and validation steps.

"Breaking barriers: empowering African youth through implementation of a therapeutic patient education program for juvenile idiopathic arthritis".

Patient education is crucial in managing chronic diseases like Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). Traditional methods such as videos and brochures often fail to maintain long-term knowledge retention. Therapeutic Patient Education (TPE) offers a more effective, patient-centered approach. PAFLAR aimed to implement a TPE program with a "train the trainers" masterclass to ensure effective delivery and improve outcomes for children with JIA. PAFLAR's TPE program was designed through a focus group, involving a literature review and strategic planning for the implementation step. The program includes specialized training for healthcare professionals enhancing their abilities to deliver TPE workshops. Participants were selected based on volunteerism and commitment to the project. Evaluations were conducted through feedback assessment of both patients and participants. PAFLAR launched a TPE program in 2023, aimed at training healthcare providers to implement TPE effectively. This initiative included both in-person and virtual masterclasses, resulting in five workshops conducted in Kenya, Tunisia, and Nigeria. These workshops covered various aspects of JIA management, such as patient and family education, self-esteem, physical activity, treatment adherence, and pain management. Early results showed significant improvements in patients' and parents' understanding and management of JIA, with positive feedback indicating a need for further sessions. PAFLAR has taken the initial step in implementing a TPE program for JIA across three countries, representing different regions of Africa. The TPE program offers a promising alternative to traditional patient education methods, significantly improving patient care, empowering healthcare providers, and advancing healthcare systems.

A scanning manometry method to image the atomization pressure field for pre-debugging the nanocomposite spraying system

Spray coating process stands out among film manufacturing techniques to fabricate nanocomposite films because of its high production efficiency, and broad material applicability. However, the issues such as blockages, overspray, and rebound in the spray coating process restrict the fabrication of high-quality nanocomposite films. The atomization pressure field describes the spraying characteristics, and measuring and analyzing this parameter is vital to ensure the spray coating process functions properly. In this paper, a scanning manometry method is proposed to measure the atomization pressure field. The method involves setting a tube array to scan the atomization field, and reconstructing the pressure distribution by applying an imaging algorithm. This paper elaborates on the technical principle, implementation steps, and calibration of the scanning manometry method. Besides, the proposed method was validated by designing an actual testing system, and the 2D and 3D distribution images of the atomization pressure field were successfully obtained. The scanning manometry method features great potential for applications in nanocomposite spraying systems, assisting in fine-tuning the systems and stabilizing the production of nanocomposite films.

The Application of “Problem-Based Learning + Flipped Classroom” Teaching Model in Bilingual Education

This study focuses on the application of the “PBL (problem-based learning) + Flipped Classroom” teaching model in bilingual education, aiming to explore its potential to enhance the quality and effectiveness of bilingual teaching. PBL emphasizes learning through the resolution of real-world problems, while the Flipped Classroom advocates that students acquire basic knowledge through self-study before class, dedicating class time to in-depth discussions and practical activities. The integration of these two teaching models in bilingual education aims to stimulate students’ interest in learning, improve their autonomous learning abilities, enhance critical thinking, and foster cross-cultural communication skills. Through literature review, case analysis, and empirical research, this study first examines the current applications and challenges of PBL and the Flipped Classroom in bilingual education. Subsequently, it elaborates on the specific implementation steps of the “PBL + Flipped Classroom” teaching model in bilingual education, including problem design, preview material provision, cooperative learning, classroom activities, and language support. A comparative experiment is then conducted to analyze the impact of this teaching model on students’ learning motivation, academic performance, and cross-cultural communication skills. The results indicate that the “PBL + Flipped Classroom” teaching model significantly improves students’ learning motivation and participation, enhances academic performance, and effectively boosts their cross-cultural communication skills. Furthermore, this model aids in cultivating students’ autonomous learning abilities and critical thinking, providing an innovative and effective approach to bilingual education. This study offers new ideas and insights for the field of bilingual education, which is of great significance for promoting the innovation and development of bilingual teaching models.

Applying Topic Modeling to Literary Analysis: A Review

Abstract This article examines the integration of topic modeling within literary studies, highlighting its potential to transform conventional literary analysis through computational techniques. It reviews the theoretical underpinnings underlying topic modeling, including prominent algorithms like Latent Dirichlet Allocation, Non-negative Matrix Factorization, and Neural Topic Models, and discuss their utility in dissecting large textual corpora to uncover latent thematic and stylistic patterns. The article subsequently addresses the specific methodological steps for effective implementation, spanning text preprocessing model tuning and result interpretation. We further illustrate the diverse applications of topic modeling in literary studies through thematic analysis, comparative studies, and the extraction of cultural and historical insights. Challenges such as model accuracy, technical limitations, and ethical considerations are critically assessed. The review concludes by envisioning prospective future directions that foresee enhanced integration of topic modeling into literary criticism, facilitated by technological and interdisciplinary advancements.

Application of Zhao Shi Lei-huo-jiu Based on ERAS Concept in Managing Postoperative Gastrointestinal Symptom Cluster in Rectal Cancer

This study explores the application value of Zhao Shi Lei-huo-jiu in managing common postoperative gastrointestinal symptom clusters following rectal cancer surgery, under the framework of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) concept. By detailing the development, core elements, and application of ERAS in colorectal surgery, combined with the historical origins, unique techniques, and mechanisms of Zhao Shi Lei-huo-jiu, this paper highlights the innovation of integrating traditional Chinese medicine treatments with modern surgical recovery principles. Through a rigorously designed research process, rectal cancer postoperative patients were selected as research subjects, and the data collection and implementation steps were explicitly outlined. The study results provide scientific evidence for the practical efficacy and advantages of Zhao Shi Lei-huo-jiu in postoperative rehabilitation for rectal cancer, offering significant practical implications for guiding clinical practice and promoting early patient recovery.

The Practice of Employee Assistance Program in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in The Internet Era Based on Harmonious Society

With the arrival of the internet era, information technology and digital transformation have profoundly changed the operations of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This study explores the practice of Employee Assistance Programs (EAP) in SMEs, analyzing how EAP, from the perspective of a harmonious society, promotes employee mental health and career development, while enhancing organizational cohesion and competitiveness. The core components and implementation steps of EAP, including psychological health support, career development guidance, and stress management, are discussed. Due to resource limitations, SMEs often adopt flexible EAP models, such as online counseling and workplace training. However, the implementation of EAP faces challenges such as limited resources, privacy protection, and a lack of professional expertise. To optimize EAP, companies need to strengthen management support, use outsourcing services, and establish privacy protection mechanisms. In the future, SMEs can explore more innovative and feasible EAP models, such as AI-based intelligent support, adaptation to remote work environments, creation of culturally adaptable models, and establishment of data-driven effectiveness assessment methods. These approaches will help SMEs address the challenges of the internet era, enhance employee satisfaction, and promote sustainable development.

Enhancing XGBoost Performance in Malware Detection through Chi-Squared Feature Selection

The increasing prevalence of malware poses significant risks, including data loss and unauthorized access. These threats manifest in various forms, such as viruses, Trojans, worms, and ransomware. Each continually evolves to exploit system vulnerabilities. Ransomware has seen a particularly rapid increase, as evidenced by the devastating WannaCry attack of 2017 which crippled critical infrastructure and caused immense economic damage. Due to their heavy reliance on signature-based techniques, traditional anti-malware solutions struggle to keep pace with malware's evolving nature. However, these techniques face limitations, as even slight code modifications can allow malware to evade detection. Consequently, this highlights weaknesses in current cybersecurity defenses and underscores the need for more sophisticated detection methods. To address these challenges, this study proposes an enhanced malware detection approach utilizing Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) in conjunction with Chi-Squared Feature Selection. The research applied XGBoost to a malware dataset and implemented preprocessing steps such as class balancing and feature scaling. Furthermore, the incorporation of Chi-Squared Feature Selection improved the model's accuracy from 99.1% to 99.2% and reduced testing time by 89.28%, demonstrating its efficacy and efficiency. These results confirm that prioritizing relevant features enhances both the accuracy and computational speed of the model. Ultimately, combining feature selection with machine learning techniques proves effective in addressing modern malware detection challenges, not only enhancing accuracy but also expediting processing times.

Augmented reality based android application for introduction of pneumatic hydraulic components

This study focuses on the utilization of augmented reality (AR) to enable comprehensive visualization of objects. Its primary objective is to develop and evaluate an AR application as a medium for introducing pneumatic hydraulic components. The research method employs a development research approach, following the assessment, design, development, implementation, and evaluation steps proposed by Lee and Owens. The feasibility of the product is determined through various assessments, including black box testing, validation by media experts, validation by content experts, and evaluation of initial user response. The outcome of this study is application software incorporating AR technology for the purpose of introducing pneumatic hydraulic components, along with a corresponding workbook. Whereas the application is compatible with the Android operating system and utilizes QR codes as markers for augmented reality objects, which are conveniently included within the workbook. Performance testing reveals that all application functions perform exceptionally well according to black box testing. Furthermore, the content expert feasibility assessment yields results categorized as “Good,” while both the media expert feasibility and initial user response tests indicate “Very Good” outcomes.

Production of Ultrathin and High-Quality Nanosheet Networks via Layer-by-Layer Assembly at Liquid-Liquid Interfaces.

Solution-processable 2D materials are promising candidates for a range of printed electronics applications. Yet maximizing their potential requires solution-phase processing of nanosheets into high-quality networks with carrier mobility (μNet) as close as possible to that of individual nanosheets (μNS). In practice, the presence of internanosheet junctions generally limits electronic conduction, such that the ratio of junction resistance (RJ) to nanosheet resistance (RNS), determines the network mobility via μNS/μNet ≈ RJ/RNS + 1. Hence, achieving RJ/RNS < 1 is a crucial step for implementation of 2D materials in printed electronics applications. In this work, we utilize an advanced liquid-interface deposition process to maximize nanosheet alignment and network uniformity, thus reducing RJ. We demonstrate the approach using graphene and MoS2 as model materials, achieving low RJ/RNS values of 0.5 and 0.2, respectively. The resultant graphene networks show a high conductivity of σNet = 5 × 104 S/m while our semiconducting MoS2 networks demonstrate record mobility of μNet = 30 cm2/(V s), both at extremely low network thickness (tNet < 10 nm). Finally, we show that the deposition process is compatible with nonlayered quasi-2D materials such as silver nanosheets (AgNS), achieving network conductivity close to bulk silver for networks <100 nm-thick.

Medical image recognition based on multilayer neural network

As a common accidental injury, accurate identification of burns and scalded injuries is of great significance to the development of treatment programs and prognosis assessment. Traditional identification methods are subjective and inaccurate, this paper proposes a burns and scalds grade identification technique based on multilayer neural network. The three-degree classification standard of burns and scalds is described, and the structure and principle of multilayer neural network are introduced, including the network structure composed of input layer, hidden layer and output layer, forward propagation, back propagation and training process. The implementation steps of burns and scald grade recognition technology based on multi-layer neural network are discussed in detail, such as data acquisition, image pre-processing, feature extraction, classifier design, model training and evaluation. Through experiments, the model is tested using a dataset containing 362 burns and scalds images, and the model achieves more than 90% accuracy on the test set with high accuracy and reliability. The multi-layer neural network model is used to classify the burn and scald data, which improves the diagnostic accuracy, shortens the delay time of the disease, reduces the pressure of professional doctors, and helps patients have a preliminary understanding of the degree of burn.

The Impact of Strategic Mind on Social Responsibility - An Analytical Study in Dhi Qar Oil Company

Purpose: The aim of the research is to activate the influence of strategic mind to enhance the principle of social responsibility in Dhi Qar Oil Company. Theoretical Framework: Recent literature indicates a growing trend towards applying the principle of social responsibility, transforming it into a competitive strategy among organizations, especially when possessing strategic mind to devise implementation steps (Khouj, 2020:84). Design/Methodology/Approach:We analyzed the literature and activities advocating for the implementation of the principle of social responsibility using the scale (Schwartz &amp; Carroll, 2003:67) in various organizations. We also examined the impact of possessing a strategic mindset, as measured by (Pisapia et al., 2005:60), on achieving desired outcomes through local, regional, and international research and studies in this regard. Results: The research findings indicate a significant direct positive relationship between strategic mind and social responsibility overall, particularly concerning the economic dimension. A set of recommendations was provided to rectify the nature of these variables in practice, in line with research trends. Research, Practical &amp; Social implications: We propose that organizations integrate the implementation of the principle of responsibility into their future strategies, considering it a competitive advantage to be achieved. Originality/value: The results indicate that the application of the principle of social responsibility has begun to be implemented in organizations, especially those with a strategic vision derived from their strategic mind leaders, achieving levels of satisfaction and approval from stakeholders. Research Type: Research Paper

Effect of mitochondrial oxidative stress on regulatory T cell manufacturing for clinical application in transplantation: Results from a pilot study

The manufacturing process of regulatory T (Treg) cells for clinical application begins with the positive selection of CD25+ cells using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION)-conjugated anti-CD25 antibodies (spCD25) and immunomagnetic cell separation technology. Our findings revealed that the interaction of spCD25 with its cell target induced the internalization of the complex spCD25–interleukin-2 receptor. Accumulation of intracellular spCD25 triggered oxidative stress, causing delayed Treg expansion and temporary reduction in suppressor activity. This activation delay hindered the efficient generation of clinically competent cells. During this early phase, Treg cells exhibited elevated mitochondrial superoxide and lipid peroxidation levels, with a concomitant decrease in mitochondrial respiration rates. The results uncovered the increased mitochondrial unfolded protein response. This protective, redox-sensitive activity is inherent in Tregs when contrasted with homologous, spCD25-treated, conventional T cells. Although the temporary effects of spCD25 on clinically competent cells did not impede their use in a safety/feasibility pilot study with kidney transplant recipients, it is reasonable to anticipate a potential reduction in their therapeutic efficacy. The mechanistic understanding of the adverse effects triggered by spCD25 is crucial for improving the manufacturing process of clinically competent Treg cells, a pivotal step in the successful implementation of immune cell therapy in transplantation.

Speech at conference Next Steps for Curriculum Reform and Implementation in Wales, 26 April 2024

Speech at conference Next Steps for Curriculum Reform and Implementation in Wales, 26 April 2024

Blockchain for sustainable supply chains: A systematic review and framework for SME implementation

This paper presents a systematic review of the role of blockchain technology in fostering sustainable supply chains, with a particular emphasis on its implementation for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The objective is to explore how blockchain can address critical challenges such as transparency, traceability, and accountability, thereby contributing to more sustainable and ethical supply chain practices. Through an extensive literature review, this study examines various blockchain applications and their potential to enhance sustainability by reducing inefficiencies, ensuring compliance with environmental standards, and mitigating risks related to unethical practices. The research methodology involved a comprehensive analysis of peer-reviewed articles, case studies, and industry reports to identify the benefits and barriers of blockchain adoption in supply chains. Key findings suggest that while blockchain can significantly enhance transparency and sustainability, SMEs face unique challenges in terms of technological adoption, cost implications, and scalability. Additionally, the paper proposes a framework tailored to SME needs, outlining practical steps for blockchain implementation, including initial investment strategies, stakeholder collaboration, and integration with existing technologies. The study concludes that blockchain holds great potential for advancing sustainable supply chains, but its adoption by SMEs requires a strategic approach that addresses financial, technical, and operational barriers. This framework provides a roadmap for SMEs aiming to leverage blockchain technology to achieve sustainability goals, thus contributing to long-term business competitiveness and compliance with global sustainability standards.

Cross-cutting integration of equity and diversity lens in public health: a novel approach of JACARDI

Abstract Issue/Problem Health inequities persist across European countries, impacting the distribution, prevention, and management of non-communicable diseases. With increasing population diversity and improved understanding of the intersectional nature of drivers of health inequities, narrowing inequities calls for systematic integration of diversity perspectives into equity-driven policy and practice. Description of the problem The EU-co-funded Joint Action on CVDs and diabetes (JACARDI, 11/2023-10/2027) project with 76 partners from 21 countries and 142 national-level projects (later pilots), applies a structured approach for integrating equity and diversity perspectives within all project structures. This is achieved through design of a common methodological framework and terminology glossary for all thematic work packages (WPs) and their pilots, which are further supported through capacity building sessions and consultations. Results The “4Cs” framework (Critical reflection; Context and data; Co-design; and inclusive and accessible Communications) for integrating equity and diversity principles in JACARDI was developed based on results of focus group interviews with WP leaders (n = 24) and review of previous literature. This framework was applied as a lens to be applied in the planned activities by WPs and pilots, elaborated in an equity and diversity maturity matrix aligned with the XV methodological steps for pilot implementation. Additionally, equity and diversity indicators were integrated into harmonized context analysis questionnaires for national focal points of each partner country, as well as into the methodology for pilot assessment and reporting. Lessons Equity and diversity perspectives should be integrated into the core structures of project implementation, supported by practical tools, trainings and practical consultations to improve adherence and collaborative understanding across project partners. Key messages • Equity and diversity integration into core structures are essential for tackling health inequities and the NCD-related social gradient in Europe. • Encouraging critical reflection among JACARDI partners is pivotal for initiating a paradigm shift towards equity and diversity inclusion.

Telemonitoring activities of daily living in home healthcare services to support aging in place

Abstract Context Assessing older adults’ abilities to carry out their activities of daily living (ADLs) is a key determinant in the provision of homecare services for aging in place. Amidst a growing aging population and lack of human resources, continuous remote monitoring technology appears promising to support health and social care professionals (HSCPs) in identifying service needs. However, implementation studies conducted in real-life settings are lacking. This study is part of an on-going action design research project aimed at developing an ambient telemonitoring system monitoring ADLs to support clinical decision making. It focused on the initial step of implementation and aimed to understand 1) which HSCPs would want to use the system, 2) for which care recipient they requested it, and 3) for which reasons. Methods A multiple embedded case study utilizing mixed methods was conducted across 3 healthcare establishments in Quebec, Canada. Descriptive statistics from surveys and medical records was conducted to describe the profile of HSCPs and their care recipients. An inductive qualitative analysis was carried out through interviews with 23 HSCPs, in charge of 31 care recipients, to deepen our understanding of the reasons why they requested the system. Results HSCPs were primarily women (89%) occupational therapists (43%). Home care recipients were also primarily women (74%), with documented refusal of homecare services (65%), diagnosed with cognitive decline (94%), and living in a single-family home or apartment (68%). Overall, interviews revealed HSCPs challenges in getting the necessary information to assess their care recipients needs, despite the presence of in-home services and other strategies in place (e.g. informal carer support). Moreover, the telemonitoring system was perceived as promising for risk management. Conclusions There is an interest for the use of ADL telemonitoring technology in the delivery of home healthcare services for aging in place. Key messages • To facilitate its integration in practice, we explored the need for, and value of, ADLs telemonitoring technology by health and social care professionals (HSCPs) in real-life contexts. • By studying the integration of innovative technologies in home healthcare practices, such as ADLs telemonitoring, we aim to support HSCPs practice in fulfilling older adults desire to age in place.

The evaluation of an eHealth tool to prevent and alleviate migraine complaints in adults

Abstract Background Migraines attacks cause great suffering in individual patients. There is great unfulfilled potential to increase patients’ knowledge about various personal triggers and subsequent treatments. The objective of this study is to pilot test an e-Health tool that aims to increase migraine patients’ knowledge. It takes into account personal preferences and contributes to informed decision-making in choosing the appropriate method. Considering the shortage of primary care physicians and other health care providers, such an e-Health tool could be of great value. Methods lessmigraine.nl consists of a website with information plus an electronic decision aid. It was evaluated on its content, development process and effectiveness, and its contribution to the patients’ empowerment process. A first round of usability testing was done using semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis with 12 patients from a Dutch General Practice until data saturation. After minor improvements to the e-tool, in a first implementation step subsequently 85 patients used the e-tool. Results Patients’ expectations were exceeded in terms of the content of the e-Health tool, as all patients discovered new potential migraine triggers. Most patients found the tool effective in the sense that it provided enough information to decide on an appropriate treatment. The implementation was successful in the sense that all 85 participants completed the e-tool. Most important triggers were stress, sleeping problems, changes in weather and flickering or bright light. Conclusions The majority of the migraine patients were satisfied with the e-Health tool. It enlarged their knowledge of prevention and treatment options and therefore empowered them in their decision-making process and communication with their GP. Other aspects of implementation need to be studied. This study needs to be repeated in other clinical settings. Key messages • Migraines cause great suffering in individual patients: Considering the shortage of primary care physicians and other health care providers, an e-Health tool could be of great value. • The e-Health tool increases patients’ knowledge about migraine, including personal triggers and subsequent treatments.

Research on A Task-Based Teaching Model for Cruise Ship Professional English

This paper aims to explore a task-based teaching model for cruise professional English. By analyzing the development of the cruise industry and the current status of cruise professional English teaching, it reveals the existing problems and challenges in teaching. Based on this, a task-based teaching model is constructed, and the theoretical basis, task analysis and design, and specific implementation steps of the model are elaborated. The effectiveness of the teaching model is verified through empirical research, and targeted teaching suggestions are proposed. This study aims to provide new ideas and methods for cruise professional English teaching to improve teaching quality and effectiveness.