Step-by Step Research Articles

Optimization of Biotinylated RNA or DNA Pull-Down Assays for Detection of Binding Proteins: Examples of IRP1, IRP2, HuR, AUF1, and Nrf2.

Investigation of RNA- and DNA-binding proteins to a defined regulatory sequence, such as an AU-rich RNA and a DNA enhancer element, is important for understanding gene regulation through their interactions. For in vitro binding studies, an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was widely used in the past. In line with the trend toward using non-radioactive materials in various bioassays, end-labeled biotinylated RNA and DNA oligonucleotides can be more practical probes to study protein-RNA and protein-DNA interactions; thereby, the binding complexes can be pulled down with streptavidin-conjugated resins and identified by Western blotting. However, setting up RNA and DNA pull-down assays with biotinylated probes in optimum protein binding conditions remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate the step-by step optimization of pull-down for IRP (iron-responsive-element-binding protein) with a 5'-biotinylated stem-loop IRE (iron-responsive element) RNA, HuR, and AUF1 with an AU-rich RNA element and Nrf2 binding to an antioxidant-responsive element (ARE) enhancer in the human ferritin H gene. This study was designed to address key technical questions in RNA and DNA pull-down assays: (1) how much RNA and DNA probes we should use; (2) what binding buffer and cell lysis buffer we can use; (3) how to verify the specific interaction; (4) what streptavidin resin (agarose or magnetic beads) works; and (5) what Western blotting results we can expect from varying to optimum conditions. We anticipate that our optimized pull-down conditions can be applicable to other RNA- and DNA-binding proteins along with emerging non-coding small RNA-binding proteins for their in vitro characterization.

Synthesis between clinical trials and patent families about leprosy

The aim of this study is Perform a comparative analysis between clinical trials and patent families about leprosy worldwide in the last 20 years, using three technological aspects: diagnosis, drug/treatment and vaccine. A prospecting search in patent bank was conducted in the ORBIT Intelligence system, from Questel company. The search strategies utilized were based on ORBIT system, for each of the technological aspects established in the study (diagnosis, drug/treatment and vaccine). Clinical trials prospecting process was performed using simulations by WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP). Searching was carried out following a step-by step provided by the platform. A twenty-year time cut was adopted to harmonize the comparative analysis between patent and clinical trials recovered. Seventy-one clinical trials (11 for diagnosis, 54 for drug and 6 for vaccine) and 3323 patent families (790 for diagnosis, 1515 for drug and 1018 for vaccine) were identified, both distributed into 58 institutions and 21 countries. Through quantitative and qualitative analysis, a pattern of similarity was observed between institutions sponsoring clinical trials and holders of patent families, mainly related to years of registration and unionist priority filing, countries where clinical trials were performed and countries of unionist priority for patent families, phases of clinical trials and legal status of filed patent families. In summary, it is suggested that new public policies should be created to encourage synergy between clinical trials and patents, in order to induce a safe path to technological independence and, accordingly, a better performance in the struggle against leprosy in Brazil.

Experience in the introduction of scientific, information, technological innovations in the production process of the pig breeding complex

Purpose: assessment of the introduction of innovations in the conditions of a pig -breeding complex.A special role in increasing the profitability of agricultural production is given to the use of digital technologies. The authors organized a local network that provides the collection of information about animals throughout the entire period of their use, as a result of which the database is constantly updated with new information. The problem of the correct organization of the in-line process of reproduction of the herd and the uniform production of young animals of the desired condition was solved by scientists of the Don State Agrarian University using the system of index evaluation of young animals, which is implemented in the ACC program package. The complex of ACC programs allows you to keep records of the presence and condition of breeding and commercial pigs; compile reports on the movement of the herd for a day, month, quarter, year; promptly and comprehensively analyze the productivity of animals, timely detect and eliminate deviations in technological indicators; optimize the reproduction process to reduce the number of sow failures; timely identification of sows not coming to hunt; accounting for abortions, causes of death, production rhythm disturbances; accounting for the quantity and quality of sperm production of boars-producers. All this makes it possible to reduce unproductive technological downtime and reduce losses in the production of final products, identify the causes of rejection, conduct a reliable assessment of the quality of work of insemination technicians, animal care operators, as well as analyze veterinary measures. The use of new methods for assessing the breeding value of animals, index selection based on the use of computer technology creates ample opportunities for further improvement of breeding management systems. The positive experience of step-by–step introduction of breeding methods and comprehensive work on a closed circuit "production - science – IT solutions - production" allows you to increase not only the quantity of products, but also its quality.

Correlative Conventional and Super-resolution Photoactivated Localization Microscopy (PALM) Imaging to Characterize Chromatin Structure and Dynamics in Live Mammalian Cells.

A fundamental understanding of gene regulation requires a quantitative characterization of the spatial organization and dynamics of chromatin. The advent of fluorescence super-resolution microscopy techniques such as photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM) presented a breakthrough to visualize structural features with a resolution of ~20 nm in fixed cells. However, until recently the long acquisition time of super-resolution images prevented high-resolution measurements in living cells due to spreading of localizations caused by chromatin motion. Here, we present a step-by step protocol for our recently developed approach for correlatively imaging telomeres with conventional fluorescence and PALM, in order to obtain time-averaged super-resolution images and dynamic parameters in living cells. First, individual single molecule localizations are assigned to a locus as it moves, allowing to discriminate between bound and unbound dCas9 molecules, whose mobilities overlap. By subtracting the telomere trajectory from the localization of bound molecules, the motion blurring is then corrected, and high-resolution structural characterizations can be made. These structural parameters can also be related to local chromatin motion or larger scale domain movement. This protocol therefore improves the ability to analyze the mobility and time-averaged nanoscopic structure of locus-specific chromatin with single-molecule sensitivity.

Comprehensive Experimental Study on the Gas Breakthrough Pressure and Its Implication for the Reservoir Performance

Abstract It is challenging to interpret the gas breakthrough mechanisms, controlling factors, and its relationships with the reservoir parameters for unconventional reservoirs such as the gas shale, due to the accumulation characteristics of source-reservoir integration. Take the typical marine shale gas of the B field for example, we use the step-by-step (SBS) test to measure the gas breakthrough pressure of the water saturated shales, and investigate the influential factors such as the pore size distribution, mineral composition, and organic geochemical properties. Moreover, the implication of the gas breakthrough capability for the reservoir quality such as the porosity, permeability, the gas content, and the gas occurrence state are addressed. Based on our work, it is observed that the gas breakthrough capability in shale is influenced by many factors. Generally, the gas breakthrough pressure is positively with the amount of ductile minerals such as the clay and the plagioclase, but negatively with the amount of brittle minerals such as the quartz. In addition, the gas breakthrough pressure is decreased with the increase of the pore radius and the specific surface areas. What is more, the influences of geochemical properties on the gas breakthrough capability should not be neglected. Due to the development of organic pores in the kerogen, the gas breakthrough pressure is found to decrease with the increase of the total organic carbon content (TOC) and the residual carbon content (RC). The breakthrough pressure can be used as the significant parameter to indicate the reservoir quality of the shale gas. It is shown that the breakthrough pressure is inversely with the porosity, permeability, the total gas content, and the adsorbed gas content. It is practical and meaningful to measure and estimate the breakthrough pressure for the formation evaluation in shale gas reservoirs.

Accessibility of Mixed Reality Technologies for people living with dementia.

Mixed reality technologies (MRTs) are increasingly being explored for use in dementia but there is a lack of information about the accessibility of different types of MRT hardware and software to develop new applications. We examine the accessibility of four MRTs for people living with dementia. Phase 1: Step-by step analysis of all set-up, initiation and game play actions was undertaken by one of the research team. Phase 2: Twenty-two people with dementia (mean MoCA 14, aged 63 to 88 years), tested four MRT technologies and applications: Hololens: Young Conker; Xbox Kinect: Bowling; Osmo: Tangram and iPhone-X: Stack-AR. Interaction and game play actions were coded to identify accessibility promoting and inhibiting features from video recordings of their play sessions. Accessibility of the four hardware and software pairings varied considerably, including the cognitive demands to successfully interact with both the technology and the games. People with dementia attempted to use all of the technologies and games and found them more or less accessible in line with the step-by-step analysis of the hardware/software pairings. The functionality in MRTs that can successfully prompt people with dementia through games could be extended to completing other daily activities, such as cooking. However, successful use requires careful consideration of the cognitive demands and other accessibility factors made by the hardware and software. The findings can support development of bespoke MRT applications for people living with dementia.

2D Monte Carlo Simulation of Cocrystal Formation Using Patchy Particles

Cocrystals of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) are an attractive therapeutic alternative to salt formations. However, due to the molecular scale processes involved, the earliest stages of cocrystal formation remain poorly understood. In this paper, some light is shed on the thermodynamics and kinetics of co-crystallization. Importantly, to mimic the molecular scale processes of cocrystal formation, we use 2D Monte Carlo simulations and a computational model with short-range attraction and a mixture of two types of patchy particles (PPs) monomers. Each type possesses four patches, grouped in two by two, and each couple of patches is characterized by its specific placement on the circumference of the monomer and corresponding patch strength (a strong and narrow or weak and wide interaction). The spatial placement of the patches on both PPs monomers (alternating periodically through 60 and 120 degrees and vice versa) selected by us shows the emergence of both rhombohedral (metastable) and trihexagonal (stable) Kagome-like structures. The Kagome-like structures are preceded by formation of two types of trimers involving strong bonds only, or mixed trimers of strong and weak bonds, the later serving as building blocks for the finally generated Kagome patchy cocrystal, after prolonged simulation times. The step-by step process governing the cocrystal formation is discussed in detail, concerning the temperature interval, concentrations of PPs, the specific patch geometry and patch anisotropy as well. It is to be hoped that an understanding of the mechanisms of co-crystallization can help to control practical cocrystal synthesis and the possible phase transformations.

Fabrication and thermal tests of SS/Cu bimetal plate for the use in the concept of flowing liquid lithium layer in tokamak limiters and divertors

A prospective technology for manufacture of the tokamak divertor target based on the concept of flowing liquid lithium layer is described. A small-size bimetal plate was produced by the hot isostatic pressing diffusion bonding of a thick solid copper base, which serves as a thermal sink, and a thin (0.2 mm) stainless-steel foil, which serves as a corrosion-resistance coating. The mock-up with cooling channels in the copper sink was tested by loading the stainless-steel surface by a high heat flux in two loading modes. First, the absorbed heat flux density was increased step-by step from 0.5 MW/m2 to 11.9 MW/m2. Second, thermocycling (1000 cycles) at an absorbed heat-flux density of about 8 MW/m2 was performed. The mock-up demonstrated acceptable uniformity of the temperature on the surface without spot overheating and good stability in thermal cycling in the range of RT-500 °C. No defects were observed after the tests performed.

Step-by-Step Method Combined with Simulation-Enhanced Learner Outcomes in Minimally Invasive Breast Surgery Education.

PurposeTraditional standardized training in ultrasound-guided minimally invasive breast surgery (UMIBS) focused on lecture-based learning (LBL) resulted in students’ insufficient analysis, limited spatial visual conversion ability, and poor practical application. This study examined the effects of the step-by-step (SBS) method combined with a simulation model in UMIBS education.Subjects and MethodsA total of 84 residents participated in this study. The residents were divided into the SBS group (experience group, n=42) and the LBL group (control group, n=42), and the same teacher taught the two groups to ensure a comparable result. Based on the pork simulation model, two experts evaluated student performance scores, and the total time taken by each student was also counted. The participants were surveyed with 7 questions after the training, and each answer was assigned a score of 1, 2 or 3 to compare the participants’ satisfaction.ResultsThe average value of the surgical skills for SBS group were significantly higher than LBS group, which was 82.8±4.4 and 72.7±4.0 (t=4.27, P<0.001), the time spend of neoplasm localization by the experience group was significantly less than the control group, which was 17.9±1.6 and 20.9±1.2 secs, (t=1.58, P<0.001), and there were significant differences in puncture accuracy and excision integrity between the two groups (P<0.05). In addition, the results of the questionnaire survey showed that learning interest, surgical ability and satisfaction were better in the SBS group than in the LBS group (P<0.05), and there were no significant differences in clinical thinking and learning pressure between the two groups.ConclusionThe SBS teaching method may help to improve the surgical skills and learning interest, as well as reduce adverse reactions and cultivate clinical thinking of the students in UMIBS training. Future studies could consider multicenter clinical research to further confirm the practicality of this teaching method and reduce the risk of deviation.

Yield Prediction and Reaping Recommendation System Using Machine Learning

Abstract: Agriculture is the field that assumes a significant part in working on our nation'seconomy. Horticulture is the one that brought forth human advancement. India is an agrarian nation and its economy is generally founded on crop efficiency. Henceforth we can say that farming can be the spine of all business in our country. This undertaking will assist the ranchers with knowing the yield of their harvestbefore developing onto the horticultural field and subsequently assist them with settlingon the fitting choices. It endeavors to address the issue by building a model of an intuitive expectation framework. Execution of such a framework with a simple to- utilize online realistic UI and the AI calculation will be completed. The consequences of the expectation will be made accessible to the rancher. The choice of yields will rely on the various boundaries, for example, market cost, creation rate, and the different government strategies. Furthermore, the harvests can be cultivated in like manner utilizing state of the soil, climate projections, and the examination of water expected to develop the specific yields lossless. The irregular woodland calculation is utilized. By investigating this large number of issues and issueslike climate, temperature, mugginess, precipitation, dampness, there could be noappropriate arrangement and innovations to defeat what is going on looked by us. Stepby step the number of inhabitants in India is developing and the usefulness of the yieldshould be expanded to take care of the populace. The application expects to foresee crop yield so it could assist ranchers with picking the best seeds for plantation. Randombackwoods is the most well known and strong directed AI calculation equipped for performing both order and relapse assignments, that work by building a huge number of choice trees during preparing time and producing a result of the class that is the method of the classes (arrangement) or mean forecast (relapse) of the singular trees. The idea of this paper is to carry out the harvest yielding technique with the goalthat this strategy helps in tackling numerous agribusiness and ranchers issues. This works on our Indian economy by expanding the yield pace of harvest creation.

Scalable psychological interventions for Syrian refugees in Europe and the Middle East: STRENGTHS study protocol for a prospective individual participant data meta-analysis

IntroductionThe World Health Organization’s (WHO) scalable psychological interventions, such as Problem Management Plus (PM+) and Step-by-Step (SbS) are designed to be cost-effective non-specialist delivered interventions to reduce symptoms of common...

Molecular Analysis of Axonal Transport Dynamics upon Modulation of Microtubule Acetylation.

Axonal transport is used by neurons to distribute mRNAs, proteins, and organelles to their peripheral compartments in order to sustain their structural and functional integrity. Cargoes are transported along the microtubule (MT) network whose post-translational modifications influence transport dynamics. Here, we describe methods to modulate MT acetylation and record its impact on axonal transport in cultured mouse cortical projection neurons as well as in motoneurons of Drosophila melanogaster third-instar larvae. Specifically, we provide a step-by step procedure to reduce the level of MT acetylation and to record and analyze the transport of dye-labeled organelles in projection neuron axons cultured in microfluidic chambers. In addition, we describe the method to record and analyze GFP-tagged mitochondria transport along the motoneuron axons of transgenic Drosophila melanogaster third-instar larvae.

Distal Radial Artery Access for Coronary and Peripheral Procedures: A Multicenter Experience.

Introduction: Distal radial access (dRA) has recently gained global popularity as an alternative access route for vascular procedures. Among the benefits of dRA are the low risk of entry site bleeding complications, the low rate of radial artery occlusion, and improved patient and operator comfort. The aim of this large multicenter registry was to demonstrate the feasibility and safety of dRA in a wide variety of routine procedures in the catheterization laboratory, ranging from coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention to peripheral procedures. Methods: The study comprised 1240 patients who underwent coronary angiography, PCI or noncoronary procedures through dRA in two Hungarian centers from January 2019 to April 2021. Baseline patient characteristics, number and duration of arterial punctures, procedural success rate, crossover rate, postoperative compression time, complications, hospitalization duration, and different learning curves were analyzed. Results: The average patient age was 66.4 years, with 66.8% of patients being male. The majority of patients (74.04%) underwent a coronary procedure, whereas 25.96% were involved in noncoronary interventions. dRA was successfully punctured in 97% of all patients, in all cases with ultrasound guidance. Access site crossover was performed in 2.58% of the patients, mainly via the contralateral dRA. After experiencing 150 cases, the dRA success rate plateaued at >96%. Our dedicated dRA step-by step protocol resulted in high open radial artery (RA) rates: distal and proximal RA pulses were palpable in 99.68% of all patients at hospital discharge. The rate of minor vascular complications was low (1.5%). A threshold of 50 cases was sufficient for already skilled radial operators to establish a reliable procedural method of dRA access. Conclusion: The implementation of distal radial artery access in the everyday routine of a catheterization laboratory for coronary and noncoronary interventions is feasible and safe with an acceptable learning curve.

Step-to-Step Kinematic Validation between an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) 3D System, a Combined Laser+IMU System and Force Plates during a 50 M Sprint in a Cohort of Sprinters.

The purpose was to compare step-by-step kinematics measured using force plates (criterion), an IMU only and a combined laser IMU system in well-trained sprinters. Fourteen male experienced sprinters performed a 50-m sprint. Step-by-step kinematics were measured by 50 force plates and compared with an IMU-3D motion capture system and a combined laser+IMU system attached to each foot. Results showed that step kinematics (step velocity, length, contact and flight times) were different when measured with the IMU-3D system, compared with force plates, while the laser+IMU system, showed in general the same kinematics as measured with force plates without a systematic bias. Based upon the findings it can be concluded that the laser+IMU system is as accurate in measuring step-by-step kinematics as the force plate system. At the moment, the IMU-3D system is only accurate in measuring stride patterns (temporal parameters); it is not accurate enough to measure step lengths (spatial) and velocities due to the inaccuracies in step length, especially at high velocities. It is suggested that this laser+IMU system is valid and accurate, which can be used easily in training and competition to obtain step-by step kinematics and give direct feedback of this information during training and competition.

‘Unfettered Freedom’ Revisited: Hungarian Historical Journals between 1989 and 2018

In his 1992 article, ‘Today, Freedom is Unfettered in Hungary,’ Columbia University history professor István Deák argued that after 1989 Hungarian historical research enjoyed ‘unfettered freedom. Deák gleefully listed the growing English literature on Hungarian history and hailed the ‘step-by step dismantling of the Marxist-Leninist edifice in historiography’ that he associated with the Institute of History at the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (HAS) under the leadership of György Ránki (1930–88). In this article he argued that the dismantling of communist historiography had started well before 1989. Besides celebrating the establishment of the popular science-oriented historical journal, History (História) (founded in 1979) and new institutions such as the Európa Intézet – Europa Institute (founded in 1990) or the Central European University (CEU) (founded in 1991) as turning points in Hungarian historical research, Deák listed the emergence of the question of minorities and Transylvania; anti-Semitism and the Holocaust; as well as the 1956 revolution. It is very true that these topics were addressed by prominent members of the Hungarian democratic opposition who were publishing in samizdat publications: among them János M. Rainer, the director of the 1956 Institute after 1989, who wrote about 1956. This list of research topics implies that other topics than these listed before had been free to research and were not at all political. This logic interiorised and duplicated the logic of communist science policy and refused to acknowledge other ideological interventions, including his own, while also insisting on the ‘objectivity’ of science. Lastly, Deák concluded that ‘there exists a small possibility that the past may be rewritten again, in an ultra-conservative and xenophobic vein. This is, however, only a speculation.’ Twenty years later Ignác Romsics, the doyen of Hungarian historiography, re-stated Deák's claim, arguing that there are no more ideological barriers for historical research. However, in his 2011 article Romsics strictly separated professional historical research as such from ‘dilettantish or propaganda-oriented interpretations of the past, which leave aside professional criteria and feed susceptible readers – and there are always many – with fraudulent and self-deceiving myths’. He thereby hinted at a new threat to the historical profession posed by new and ideologically driven forces. The question of where these ‘dilettantish or propaganda-oriented’ historians are coming from has not been asked as it would pose a painful question about personal and institutional continuity. Those historians who have become the poster boys of the illiberal memory politics had not only been members of the communist party, they also received all necessary professional titles and degrees within the professional community of historians.

You’re Hired!

While job interviewing training is part of the transition planning and school-to-work curriculum, using virtual reality (VR) can be a valuable addition to the current curriculum, specifically given the unique characteristics of individuals with ASD. This article will provide step-by step procedures to integrate VR into the current classroom transition training program.

Quintic B-spline collocation method for numerical solution of free vibration of tapered Euler-Bernoulli beam on variable Winkler foundation

The collocation method is the method for the numerical solution of integral equations and partial and ordinary differential equations. The main idea of this method is to choose a number of points in the domain and a finite-dimensional space of candidate solutions. So, that solution satisfies the governing equation at the collocation points. The current paper involves developing, and a comprehensive, step-by step procedure for applying the collocation method to the numerical solution of free vibration of tapered Euler-Bernoulli beam. In this stusy, it is assumed the beam rested on variable Winkler foundation. The simplicity of this approximation method makes it an ideal candidate for computer implementation. Finally, the numerical examples are introduced to show efficiency and applicability of quintic B-spline collocation method. Numerical results are demonstrated that quintic B-spline collocation method is very competitive for numerical solution of frequency analysis of tapered beam on variable elastic foundation.

Biomechanics of Single Stair Climb With Implications for Inverted Pendulum Modeling.

Step-by-step (SBS) stair navigation is used by those with movement limitations or lower-limb prosthetics and by humanoid robots. Knowledge of biomechanical parameters for SBS gait, however, is limited. Inverted pendulum (IP) models used to assess dynamic stability have not been applied to SBS gait. This study examined the ability of the linear inverted pendulum (LIP) model and a closed-form, variable-height inverted pendulum (VHIP) model to predict capture-point (CP) stability in healthy adults executing a single stair climb. A second goal was to provide baseline kinematic and kinetic data for SBS gait. Twenty young adults executed a single step onto stairs of two heights, while attached marker positions and ground reaction forces were recorded. opensim software determined body kinematics and joint kinetics. Trials were analyzed with LIP and VHIP models, and the predicted CP compared to the actual center-of-pressure (CoP) on the stair. Lower-limb joint moments were larger than those reported for step-over-step (SOS) stair gait. Leading knee rather than trailing ankle was dominant. Center-of-mass (CoM) velocity peaked at push-off. The VHIP model accounted for only slightly more than half of the forward progression of the vertical projection of the CoM and was not better than LIP predictions. This suggests that IP models are limited in modeling SBS gait, likely due to large hip and knee moments. The results from this study may also provide target values and strategies to aid design of lower-limb prostheses and powered exoskeletons.

Sensitivity Analysis of Key Formulations of Topology Optimization on an Example of Cantilever Bending Beam

Topology optimization is a modern method for optimizing the material distribution in a given space, automatically searching for the ideal design of the product. The method aims to maximize the design performance of the system regarding given conditions. In engineering practice, a given space is first described using the finite element method and, subsequently, density-based method with solid isotropic material with penalty. Then, the final shape is found using a gradient-based method, such as the optimality criteria algorithm. However, obtaining the ideal shape is highly dependent on the correct setting of numerical parameters. This paper focuses on the sensitivity analysis of key formulations of topology optimization using the implementation of mathematical programming techniques in MATLAB software. For the purposes of the study, sensitivity analysis of a simple spatial task—cantilever bending—is performed. This paper aims to present the formulations of the optimization problem—in this case, minimization of compliance. It should be noted that this paper does not present any new mathematical formulas but rather provides an introduction into the mathematical theory (including filtering methods and calculating large-size problems using the symmetry of matrices) as well as a step-by step guideline for the minimization of compliance within the density-based topology optimization and search for an optimal shape. The results can be used for complex commercial applications produced by traditional manufacturing processes or by additive manufacturing methods.

Mechanistic insights into the CO oxidation reaction catalyzed by P-coordinated metal-doped graphene: The roles of phosphorus and metal atom

Encouraged by the great promise of metal–nitrogen–carbon materials in catalyzing CO oxidation and the successfully introduction of metal–P species into carbon matrices in experiments, it is proposed metal–P species might also possess high reactivity to CO oxidation. Our DFT calculations of CO oxidation on MP4-Gr (M = Fe, Co, Ni) suggest that multi-molecules adsorption can be easily achieved with one CO on metal and one O2 on each P atom, resulting in the step-by step LH processes and then leave the atomic O on P which can be furhter removal via ER mechanism. Moreover, reactivities of the catalysts are determined by the ER process and the reactivity differences are closely related to the doping metal. Electronic structure analysis inidcates that decreasing d-band center position of metal from FeP4-Gr to CoP4-Gr to NiP4-Gr will weaken the CO adsorption on metal site and upshift the p-band center position of P atom, finnally weaken the O binding strength with P. Thus, higher reactivity is for CoP4-Gr and NiP4-Gr when compared to FeP4-Gr. This work highlights the possibility to manipulate the performance of catalyst in CO oxidation with incoorperating metal which would be helpful for design and implementation of promissing catalysts.