Dental Stem Cells Research Articles

Identifying Dental Pulp Stem Cell as a Novel Therapeutic trategy for Digestive Diseases.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been identified as potential therapeutics for various diseases. In contrast to other sources of MSCs, dental stem cells (DSCs) have received increased attention due to their high activity and easy accessibility. Among them, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) exhibit superior self-renewal, multipotency, immunomodulatory, and regenerative capacities. Following their inspiring performance in animal models and clinical trials, DPSCs show pharmacological potential in regenerative medicine. In this review, we have generalized the sources, heterogeneity, and biological characteristics of DPSCs, as well as compared them with other types of dental stem cells. In addition, we summarized the application of DPSCs in digestive diseases (such as liver, esophageal, and intestinal diseases), highlighting their regenerative and pharmacological potential based on the existing preclinical and clinical evidence. Specifically, DPSCs can be home to injured or inflamed tissues and exert repair and regeneration functions by facilitating immune regulation, anti-inflammation, and directional differentiation. Although DPSCs have a rosy prospect, future studies should handle the underlying drawbacks and pave the way for the identification of DPSCs as novel regenerative medicine.

Innovative 3D-Printed Titanium Specimens Favor a Modulation of Inflammation in Dental Pulp Stem Cells During Liposome-Triggered Mineralization.

developing customized titanium specimens, with innovative surfaces, is a suitable strategy to overcome implant failure. Additionally, a faster and efficient osteogenic commitment assists tissue regeneration. To investigate the interplay between inflammation and differentiation upon implantation, Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) were cultured on 3D-printed titanium owning an internal open cell form, administering osteogenic factors by a liposomal formulation (LipoMix) compared to traditional delivery of differentiation medium (DM). osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by western blot, by measuring β1 integrin expression, and by and real-time RT-PCR, by measuring SP7 and Collagen I gene expression; while.angiogenesis was characterized by measuring VEGF secretion levels. Matrix mineralization was assessed by means of Alizarin Red Staining, cell adhesion and inflammation responses through western blot, enzymatic and ELISA assays evaluating Nrf2 expression, catalase activity and Prostaglandin E2 secretion, respectively. LipoMix enhances cell proliferation and adhesion, as revealed by increased integrin β1 expression. Mineralized matrix deposition, SP7 gene expression, Collagen I release and Alkaline Phosphatase activity appear increased in LipoMix condition. Additionally, the redox-sensitive transcription factor Nrf2 is overexpressed at the earliest experimental times, triggering the catalase activity. data reported confirm that internal topography and post-production treatments on titanium surfaces dynamically and positively condition the DPSC progress towards the osteogenic phenotype, moreover, the combination with LipoMix fastens the positive modulation of inflammation under osteogenic conditions. Therefore, the development of customized surfaces along with the administration of differentiating factors enclosed in a liposomal delivery system, could represent a promising and innovative tool in regenerative dentistry.

Stem Cells Treatment for Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) refers to bleeding in the subarachnoid space, which is a serious neurologic emergency. However, the treatment effects of SAH are limited. In recent years, stem cell (SC) therapy has gradually become a very promising therapeutic method and advanced scientific research area for SAH. The SCs used for SAH treatment are mainly bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs), dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), neural stem cells (NSCs)/neural progenitor cell (NPC), and endothelial progenitor cell (EPC). The mechanisms mainly included differentiation and migration of SCs for tissue repair; alleviating neuronal apoptosis; anti-inflammatory effects; and blood-brain barrier (BBB) protection. The dosage of SCs was generally 106 orders of magnitude. The administration methods included intravenous injection, nasal, occipital foramen magnum, and intraventricular administration. The administration time is generally 1 hour after SAH modeling, but it may be as late as 24 hours or 6 days. Existing studies have confirmed the neuroprotective effect of SCs in the treatment of SAH. SC has great potential application value in SAH treatment, a few case reports have provided support for this. However, the relevant research is still insufficient and there is still a lack of clinical research on the SC treatment for SAH to further evaluate the effectiveness and safety before it can go from experiment to clinical application.

Bone Regeneration with Dental Pulp Stem Cells in an Experimental Model

Background/Objectives: The therapeutic approach to bone mass loss and bone’s limited self-regeneration is a major focus of research, emphasizing new biomaterials and cell therapy. Tissue bioengineering emerges as a potential alternative to conventional treatments. In this study, an experimental model of a critical bone lesion in rats was used to investigate bone regeneration by treating the defect with biomaterials Evolution® and Gen-Os® (OsteoBiol®, Turín, Italy), with or without mesenchymal stromal cells from dental pulp (DP-MSCs). Methods: Forty-six adult male Wistar rats were subjected to a 5-mm critical bone defect in the right mandible, which does not regenerate without intervention. The rats were randomly assigned to a Simulated Group, Control Group, or two Study Groups (using Evolution®, Gen-Os®, and DP-MSCs). The specimens were euthanized at three or six months, and radiological, histological, and ELISA tests were conducted to assess bone regeneration. Results: The radiological results showed that the DP-MSC group achieved uniform radiopacity and continuity in the bone edge, with near-complete structural defect restitution. Histologically, full bone regeneration was observed, with well-organized, vascularized lamellar bone and no lesion edges. These findings were supported by increases in endoglin, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), protocollagen, parathormone, and calcitonin, indicating a conducive environment for bone regeneration. Conclusions: The use of DP-MSCs combined with biomaterials with appropriate three-dimensional matrices is a promising therapeutic option for further exploration.

The effect of conditioned medium isolated from dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells (DPSC) treated with curcumin on oral pathogens

The effect of conditioned medium isolated from dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells (DPSC) treated with curcumin on oral pathogens

Bovine pulp extracellular matrix hydrogel for regenerative endodontic applications: in vitro characterization and in vivo analysis in a necrotic tooth model

BackgroundRegenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) offer the promise of restoring vitality and function to a previously necrotic and infected tooth. However, the nature of regenerated tissues following REPs remains unpredictable and uncontrollable. Decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds have gained recent attention as scaffolds for regenerative endodontics.ObjectivesPreparation and characterization of a bovine dental pulp-derived extracellular matrix (P-ECM) hydrogel for regenerative endodontic applications. Biocompatibility and regenerative capacity of the prepared scaffold were evaluated in vivo in a canine animal model.MethodsFifteen freshly extracted bovine molar teeth were used to prepare P-ECM hydrogels following approval of the institutional review board of the faculty of dentistry, Alexandria University. Decellularization and lyophilization of the extracted pulp tissues, DNA quantification and histological examination of decellularized P-ECM were done. P-ECM hydrogel was prepared by digestion of decellularized pulps. Prepared scaffolds were evaluated for protein content and release as well as release of VEGF, bFGF, TGF-β1 and BMP2 using ELISA. Rabbit dental pulp stem cells’ (rDPSCs) viability in response to P-ECM hydrogels was performed. Finally, proof-of-concept of the regenerative capacity of P-ECM scaffolds was assessed in an infected mature canine tooth model following REPs versus blood clot (BC), injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) or hyaluronic acid (HA). Statistical analysis was done using independent t test, the Friedman test and chi-square tests (p value ≤ 0.05).ResultsDNA was found to be below the cut-off point (50 ng/mg tissue). Histological evaluation revealed absence of nuclei, retention of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and collagen content, respectively. P-ECM hydrogel had a total protein content of (493.12 µg/µl) and protein release was detected up to 14 days. P-ECM hydrogel also retained VEGF, bFGF, TGF-β1 and BMP2. P-ECM hydrogel maintained the viability of rDPSCs as compared to cells cultured under control conditions. P-ECM hydrogel triggered more organized tissues compared to BC, i-PRF and HA when used in REPs for necrotic mature teeth in dogs. Periapical inflammation was significantly less in HA and P-ECM groups compared to blood-derived scaffolds.ConclusionBovine dental pulp-derived extracellular matrix (P-ECM) hydrogel scaffold retained its bioactive properties and demonstrated a promising potential in regenerative endodontic procedures compared to conventional blood-derived scaffolds.

Application of hydrogel-loaded dental stem cells in the field of tissue regeneration.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are highly favored in clinical trials due to their unique characteristics, which have isolated from various human tissues. Derived from dental tissues, dental stem cells (DSCs) are particularly notable for their applications in tissue repair and regenerative medicine, attributed to their readily available sources, absence of ethical controversies, and minimal immunogenicity. Hydrogel-loaded stem cell therapy is widespread across a variety of injuries and diseases, and has good repair capabilities for both soft and hard tissues. This review comprehensively summarizes the regenerative and differentiation potential of various DSCs encapsulated in hydrogels across different tissues. In addition, the existing problems and future direction are also addressed. The application of hydrogel-DSCs composite has gained substantial progress in the field of tissue regeneration and need in-depth study in the future.

A transcriptomic analysis of dental pulp stem cell senescence in vitro

Background/purposeThe use of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) as autologous stem cells for tissue repair and regenerative techniques is a significant area of global research. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of long-term in vitro culture on the multidifferentiation potential of hDPSCs and the potential molecular mechanisms involved.Materials and methodsThe tissue block method was used to extract hDPSCs from orthodontic-minus-extraction patients, which were then expanded and cultured in vitro for 12 generations. Stem cells from passages three, six, nine, and twelve were selected. Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of stem cell surface markers, and CCK-8 was used to assess cell proliferation. β-Galactosidase staining was employed to detect cellular senescence, Alizarin Red S staining to assess osteogenic potential, and Oil Red O staining to evaluate lipogenic capacity. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was conducted to identify differentially expressed genes in DPSCs and investigate their potential mechanisms.ResultsWith increasing passage numbers, pulp stem cells showed an increase in senescence and a decrease in proliferative capacity and osteogenic–lipogenic multidifferentiation potential. The expression of stem cell surface markers CD34 and CD45 was stable, whereas the expression of CD73, CD90, and CD105 decreased with increasing passages. According to the RNA-seq analysis, the differentially expressed genes CFH, WNT16, HSD17B2, IDI1, and COL5A3 may be associated with stem cell senescence.ConclusionIncreased in vitro expansion induced cellular senescence in pulp stem cells, which resulted in a reduction in their proliferative capacity and osteogenic–lipogenic differentiation potential. The differential expression of genes such as CFH, WNT16, HSD17B2, IDI1, and COL5A3 may represent a potential mechanism for the induction of cellular senescence in pulp stem cells.

Limited Adipogenic Differentiation Potential of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Compared to Human Bone Marrow Stem Cells.

Bone marrow and teeth contain mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that could be used for cell-based regenerative therapies. MSCs from these two tissues represent heterogeneous cell populations with varying degrees of lineage commitment. Although human bone marrow stem cells (hBMSCs) and human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) have been extensively studied, it is not yet fully defined if their adipogenic potential differs. Therefore, in this study, we compared the in vitro adipogenic differentiation potential of hDPSCs and hBMSCs. Both cell populations were cultured in adipogenic differentiation media, followed by specific lipid droplet staining to visualise cytodifferentiation. The in vitro differentiation assays were complemented with the expression of specific genes for adipogenesis and osteogenesis-dentinogenesis, as well as for genes involved in the Wnt and Notch signalling pathways. Our findings showed that hBMSCs formed adipocytes containing numerous and large lipid vesicles. In contrast to hBMSCs, hDPSCs did not acquire the typical adipocyte morphology and formed fewer lipid droplets of small size. Regarding the gene expression, cultured hBMSCs upregulated the expression of adipogenic-specific genes (e.g., PPARγ2, LPL, ADIPONECTIN). Furthermore, in these cells most Wnt pathway genes were downregulated, while the expression of NOTCH pathway genes (e.g., NOTCH1, NOTCH3, JAGGED1, HES5, HEY2) was upregulated. hDPSCs retained their osteogenic/dentinogenic molecular profile (e.g., RUNX2, ALP, COLIA1) and upregulated the WNT-specific genes but not the NOTCH pathway genes. Taken together, our in vitro findings demonstrate that hDPSCs are not entirely committed to the adipogenic fate, in contrast to the hBMSCs, which are more effective to fully differentiate into adipocytes.

Inhibitory effects of chlorhexidine-loaded calcium carbonate nanoparticles against dental implant infections

This study aimed to design sustained released biodegradable calcium carbonate nanoparticles loaded with chlorhexidine (CHX-loaded NPs) and to investigate the early osteogenic differentiation and antimicrobial effects on the important bacteria involved in infections of dental implants. The microemulsion method was used to prepare the calcium carbonate nanoparticles loaded with chlorhexidine. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized using conventional methods. The release pattern determination and the biodegradation test were performed for the prepared nanoparticles. For the early osteogenic differentiation test of the prepared nanoparticles, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was detected in human dental pulp stem cells (HDPSCs). The antimicrobial effects of the nanoparticles were evaluated against Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The sizes of free calcium carbonate nanoparticles and CHX-loaded NPs were 105 ± 1.63 and 118 ± 1.47 nm and their zeta potentials were − 27 and − 36, respectively. A 50% degradation of nanoparticles was achieved after 100 days. These nanoparticles showed a two-stage sustained release pattern in vitro. Microscopic images revealed that the morphology of free calcium carbonate nanoparticles primarily took on a spherical calcite form, while CHX-loaded NPs predominantly exhibited a cauliflower-like vaterite polymorph. The nanoparticles increased the activity of ALP in cells in two weeks significantly (p < 0.05). Antimicrobial and antibiofilm results showed an efficient effect of the prepared nanoparticle against the studied bacteria. Calcium carbonate nanoparticles are an efficient multifunctional vector for chlorhexidine and can be used as a bioactive antibacterial agent against various oral microorganisms to prevent implant infections.

Stem Cells: Present Understanding and Prospects for Regenerative Dentistry.

Regenerative medicine in dentistry focuses on repairing damaged oral tissues using advanced tools like stem cells, biomaterials, and tissue engineering (TE). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from dental sources, such as dental pulp and periodontal ligament, show significant potential for tissue regeneration due to their proliferative and differentiative abilities. This systematic review, following PRISMA guidelines, evaluated fifteen studies and identified effective strategies for improving dental, periodontal, and bone tissue regeneration through scaffolds, secretomes, and bioengineering methods. Key advancements include the use of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) to boost cell viability and manage inflammation. Additionally, pharmacological agents like matrine and surface modifications on biomaterials improve stem cell adhesion and promote osteogenic differentiation. By integrating these approaches, regenerative medicine and TE can optimize dental therapies and enhance patient outcomes. This review highlights the potential and challenges in this field, providing a critical assessment of current research and future directions.

On the osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells by a fabricated porous nano-hydroxyapatite substrate loaded with sodium fluoride

In the present study, nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) powder was extracted from carp bone waste to fabricate porous n-HA substrates by a molding and sintering process. Subsequently, the substrates were loaded with different amounts of sodium fluoride (NaF) through immersion in NaF suspensions for 10, 7.5, and 5 min. The NaF-loaded n-HA substrates were then examined for their structural and physical properties, chemical bonds, loading and release profile, pH changes, cytotoxicity, and osteogenic effect on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) at the level of RNA and protein expression. The results showed that the n-HA substrates were porous (> 40% porosity) and had rough surfaces. The NaF could be successfully loaded on the substrates, which was 6.43, 4.50, and 1.47 mg, respectively for n-HA substrates with immersion times of 10, 7.5, and 5 min in the NaF suspensions. It was observed that the NaF release rate was rather fast during the first 24 h in all groups (39.06%, 36.43%, and 39.57% for 10, 7.5, and 5 min, respectively), and decreased dramatically after that, indicating a slow detachment of NaF. Furthermore, the pH of the medium related to all materials was changed during the first 4 days of immersion (from 7.38 to pH of about 7.85, 7.84, 7.63, and 7.66 for C0, C5, C7.5, and C10, respectively). The pH of media associated with the C7.5, and C10 increased up to 4 days and remained relatively constant until day 14 (pH = 7.6). The results of the cytotoxicity assay rejected any toxicity of the fabricated NaF-loaded n-HA substrates on DPSCs, and the cells could adhere to their surfaces with enlarged morphology. The results showed no effect on the osteogenic differentiation at the protein level. Nevertheless, this effect was observed at the gene level.

Effect of three different root canal sealants on human dental pulp stem cells

The cytotoxic effects of three root canal sealers with different bases on human dental pulp stem cells were assessed in this study using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test. The cytotoxic effects of three root canal sealers with different bases on human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were assessed in this study using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test. The cytotoxicity of the sealers was tested after one, 4, and 7 d. Human dental pulp stem cell proliferation was concluded using an MTT assay. Cells not treated with sealer extract were used as controls. The absorption levels were measured using an Eliza spectrophotometer. P was set at 0.05 when the percentage of cell proliferation was matched between groups and observation times using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).During the second passage (P2), human dental pulp stem cells displayed a single morphological and phenotypic trait, with fibroblast morphology being the most common. There were no appreciable variations between the four groups after a day. There was a notable variation in the average percentage of cell proliferation between the groups after 4 and 7 days. The control group had the highest percentage, followed by the GuttaFlow Bioseal group, the Well Root St group, and the AH-Plus group, which had the lowest percentage. For every sealing group, after one day, the highest mean percentage of cell proliferation was recorded, followed by day four, and after day seven, the lowest mean percentage. The observation periods showed minimal cytotoxic effects of GuttaFlow Bioseal, whereas AH-Plus was the most cytotoxic to human dental pulp stem cells. The highest mean percentage of cell proliferation for all sealers was recorded on day one.

MiR-27 and MiR-145 mediate neural differentiation signaling pathways in dental pulp stem cells

MiR-27 and MiR-145 mediate neural differentiation signaling pathways in dental pulp stem cells

Microfluidic Fabrication of Gelatin-Nano Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds for Enhanced Control of Pore Size Distribution and Osteogenic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells.

The combination of gelatin and hydroxyapatite (HA)has emerged as a promising strategy in dental tissue engineering due to its favorable biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and ability to support cellular activities essential for tissue regeneration, rendering them ideal components for hard tissue applications. Besides, precise control over interconnecting porosity is of paramount importance for tissue engineering materials. Conventional methods for creating porous scaffolds frequently encounter difficulties in regulating pore size distribution. This study demonstrates the fabrication of gelatin-nano HA scaffolds with uniform porosity using a T-type junction microfluidic device in a single-step process. Significant improvements in control over the pore size distribution are achieved by regulating the flow parameters, resulting in effective and time-efficient manufacturing comparable in quality to the innovative 3D bioprinting techniques. The overall porosity of the scaffolds exceeded 60%, with a remarkably narrow size distribution. The incorporation of nano-HAinto 3D porous gelatin scaffolds successfully induced osteogenic differentiation in stem cells at both the protein and gene levels, as evidenced by the significant increase in osteocalcin (OCN), an important marker of osteogenic differentiation. The OCN levels are 26 and 43 times higher for gelatin and gelatin-HA scaffolds, respectively, compared to the control group.

Human dental pulp MSCs attenuated motor neuron dysfunction and prolonged lifespan in ALS murine model

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that causes skeletal muscle weakness and atrophy, resulting in respiratory failure and a short lifespan. Considering the lack of effective treatment, this study investigated the effects of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) on the clinical symptoms and potential mechanisms in a mouse model of ALS superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1-G93A). Neurological assessments, including neurological scoring, rotarod testing, and 7-T magnetic resonance imaging, were conducted to evaluate neurological impairments. Survival rates and body weight of the mice were also recorded. Immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry analyses were performed to investigate the number of neurons and infiltrated inflammatory cells in the spinal cord as well as the central nervous system. The results indicate that infusion of hDPSCs increased the body weight, mitigated motor neuron dysfunction, and extended the lifespan of SOD1-G93A mice by approximately 15 days. Moreover, hDPSCs infusion reduced the degree of spinal cord atrophy. Results suggested that the number of neurons in the central nervous system of SOD1-G93A mice was significantly decreased, but hDPSCs infusion resulted in an increase in these numbers. However, hDPSCs infusion had no obvious effect on microglia phenotypes in SOD1-G93A mice. This study emphasizes the potential of hDPSCs to mitigate neuronal loss in an ALS mouse model, suggesting a promising therapeutic avenue for ALS.

A Macroscopic Exploration of the Ideoscape on Exosomes for Bone Regeneration

Background: Exosomes, nanoscale extracellular vesicles, play a crucial role in tissue physiology and regeneration. This study uses infometric techniques to explore the structure of exosome-based tissue and bone regeneration research. Methods: We applied BERTopic, an advanced topic modeling algorithm, to a comprehensive corpus of the scientific literature on exosomes and tissue regeneration, identifying key themes such as stem cell studies, tissue healing, and regenerative applications, with orthopedics and dentistry emerging as dominant subfields. To further investigate the ‘ideoscape’, i.e., the conceptual landscape that maps how ideas, methods, and themes are interconnected across the field, we extracted significant concepts from abstracts using GPT 3.5 turbo and created knowledge graphs. Results: Our analysis revealed rapid growth in the field of dental stem cell regeneration, which has outpaced other bone regeneration topics by twofold. This analysis highlighted central themes such as periodontal stem cells and their cellular processes—proliferation, migration, and differentiation—along with their clinical applications. Our approach provided a clear visualization of the field’s intellectual structure, showing how emerging topics are interconnected. Our findings offer a comprehensive view of the evolving trends in exosome-based bone regeneration, revealing not only the most active research areas but also gaps and opportunities for further investigation. Conclusions: This study exemplifies the utility of combining topic modeling with knowledge graph creation to map research trends, offering a flexible and largely automated tool for researchers to explore the vast bodies of literature and guide future research directions.

Evaluation and Comparison of the Effect of Three Dental Luting Cements on Mineralized Bone Derived from Dental Pulp Stem Cells: An In Vitro Study.

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of zinc phosphate (ZnP) cement, glass ionomer cement (GIC), and nano-integrated bio-ceramic (NIB) cement on mineralization when placed in contact with bone tissue-forming cells. Materials and Methods: ZnP cement, GIC, and NIB cement were divided into direct and indirect groups. A total of 72 cement pellets (24 pellets of each test sample) of 3 × 1 mm (width × height) were prepared using polytetrafluoroethylene molds. A total of 3 sample groups were demarcated using 96- cell well culture plates. In the control group, 24 wells were filled with mineralized osteoblasts and 1 µL of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). In test group 1, to show a direct effect, 36 samples were plated with mineralized osteoblasts and 1 µL GCF for 24 h; the cells were directly exposed to cement pellets. A total of 36 samples were immersed in GCF for 24 h; later the supernatant was transferred to the mineralized osteoblasts to demonstrate an indirect effect in test group 2. To assess the mineralization, osteoblasts were stained with alizarin red and later observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. Data were analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences. An independent t-test compared the direct and indirect effects of the ZnP cement, GIC, NIB cement, and control groups on the mineralization of osteoblasts derived from hDPCs. Results: A statistically significant difference was observed between the ZnP cement, GIC, and NIB cement groups (p < 0.05). ZnP cement exhibited a moderate, NIB cement the least harmful effect, and GIC showed the most harmful effect on the mineralization of osteoblast cells. Conclusions: The biocompatibility of dental luting cements is an important aspect that clinicians should consider during their selection. Nano-integrated bio-ceramic cement showed the least negative effect on the mineralization of osteoblast cells which is beneficial for the cementation of cement-retained implant prostheses. However, further studies are needed to evaluate osteoblast and osteoclast activity in vivo.

Integrating Phosphate Enhances Biomineralization Effect of Methacrylate Cement in Vital Pulp Treatment with Improved Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Stimulation.

Vital pulp treatment (VPT) is crucial for preserving the health and function of the tooth in cases where the pulp tissue remains vital despite exposure. Various materials are introduced for this purpose. However, challenges such as low strength, high solubility, and tooth discoloration persist. Methylmethacrylate-based cement (MC) offers excellent sealing ability, feasibility, and mechanical properties, making it a promising alternative for VPT. Phosphate-based glass (PBG) has the potential to promote hard tissue regeneration by releasing key inducers, phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca), for reparative odontogenesis. This study investigates PBG-integrated MC (PIMC) by characterizing its properties, assessing human dental pulp stem cell activity related to initial inflammatory adaptation and odontogenic differentiation, and evaluating hard tissue formation using an in vivo dog pulpotomy model. Results indicate that a 5% PBG-integrated MC (5PIMC) maintains the physicochemical properties of MC. Furthermore, 5PIMC demonstrates cytocompatibility, excellent expression of osteo/odontogenic markers, and resistance to inflammatory markers, significantly outperforming MC. Enhanced hard tissue formation is observed in the dental pulp of mongrel dog teeth treated with 5PIMC. These findings suggest that 5PIMC could be an optimal and suitable material for reparative odontogenesis through VPT.

Deciphering the Influence of Leached Orthodontic Compounds on Dental Pulp Stem Cell Proteins

Deciphering the Influence of Leached Orthodontic Compounds on Dental Pulp Stem Cell Proteins