Stella Chess Research Articles

Is Histamine and Not Acetylcholine the Missing Link between ADHD and Allergies? Speer Allergic Tension Fatigue Syndrome Re-Visited.

Speer allergic tension-fatigue syndrome (SATFS) is a classic allergy syndrome characterized by allergy-like symptoms, muscle tension, headaches, chronic fatigue, and other particular behaviors that were initially described in the fifties. The particular behaviors displayed include symptoms such as hyperkinesis, hyperesthesia (i.e., insomnia), restlessness, and distractibility, among others. Interestingly, these symptoms are very similar to descriptions of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder worldwide, which is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. The clinical description of SATFS precedes the nomination of ADHD in 1960 by Stella Chess. In this conceptual paper, we stress that there is a gap in the research on the relationship between ADHD and allergic pathologies. The hypotheses of this conceptual paper are (1) SATFS is probably one of the first and best historical descriptions of ADHD alongside a common comorbidity (allergy) displayed by these patients; (2) SATFS (ADHD) is a systemic disease that includes both somatic and behavioral manifestations that may influence each other in a bidirectional manner; (3) The role of neuroinflammation and histamine is key for understanding the pathophysiology of ADHD and its frequent somatic comorbidities; (4) The deficiency of the diamine oxidase (DAO) enzyme, which metabolizes histamine extracellularly, may play a role in the pathophysiology of ADHD. Decreased DAO activity may lead to an accumulation of histamine, which could contribute to core ADHD symptoms and comorbid disorders. Further empirical studies are needed to confirm our hypotheses.

COVID-19 and Autism Research: Perspectives from Around the Globe.

COVID-19 and Autism Research: Perspectives from Around the Globe.

Stella Chess and the History of American Child Psychiatry

Summary Throughout its history, American child psychiatry has been a hospitable specialty for women physicians. In its early years when practitioners were often steeped in psychoanalysis and influenced by theorists such as Anna Freud, many leaders within the field were women. By the 1960s and 1970s, child psychiatry was moving away from analysis and towards more research-based practice. The biography of an important leader in this area, New York University’s Stella Chess, illustrates the mechanism of that transformation and the role of ideas about mothers and working women. Chess, along with her husband and collaborator Alexander Thomas, gathered data to disprove the popular notion that mothers were to blame for children’s behaviour problems and demonstrated instead that issues resulted from a poor fit between a child’s temperament and his/her environment. Chess not only demanded that facts support theory, but also used her own parenting experiences and common sense to guide her work.

Does Rubella Cause Autism: A 2015 Reappraisal?

In the 1970s, Stella Chess found a high prevalence of autism in children with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), 200 times that of the general population at the time. Many researchers quote this fact to add proof to the current theory that maternal infection with immune system activation in pregnancy leads to autism in the offspring. This rubella and autism association is presented with the notion that rubella has been eliminated in today’s world. CRS cases are no longer typically seen; yet, autistic children often share findings of CRS including deafness, congenital heart defects, and to a lesser extent visual changes. Autistic children commonly have hyperactivity and spasticity, as do CRS children. Both autistic and CRS individuals may develop type 1 diabetes as young adults. Neuropathology of CRS infants may reveal cerebral vasculitis with narrowed lumens and cerebral necrosis. Neuroradiological findings of children with CRS show calcifications, periventricular leukomalacia, and dilated perivascular spaces. Neuroradiology of autism has also demonstrated hyperintensities, leukomalacia, and prominent perivascular spaces. PET studies of autistic individuals exhibit decreased perfusion to areas of the brain similarly affected by rubella. In both autism and CRS, certain changes in the brain have implicated the immune system. Several children with autism lack antibodies to rubella, as do children with CRS. These numerous similarities increase the probability of an association between rubella virus and autism. Rubella and autism cross many ethnicities in many countries. Contrary to current belief, rubella has not been eradicated and globally affects up to 5% of pregnant women. Susceptibility continues as vaccines are not given worldwide and are not fully protective. Rubella might still cause autism, even in vaccinated populations.

Temperament

One of many publications emanating from the New York Longitudinal Study (NYLS), the prospective study of Stella Chess, Alexander Thomas, and Mahin Hassibi of six cases of depression during childhood and adolescence, which appeared in the Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease in 1983, provides an opportunity to reflect on the climate in which the NYLS was conceived and conducted. Its methodology is reviewed, and principle findings are summarized. In the more than 50 years since the inception of the NYLS, the attention of temperament investigators has shifted from a focus on definition and measurement to the examination of relations between temperament and psychopathology, including the exploration of the neurocircuitry underlying different dimensions of temperament and their contributions to the etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of axis I disorders in developing children.

In This Issue/Abstract Thinking: Got a Raise? Thank Your Kindergarten Teacher

This issue launches the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the Journal with an editorial by Professor Michael Rutter (p. 3). Looking back over these previous five decades, Dr. Rutter chooses seven articles that represent seminal ideas in our field and significantly affected our current thinking in child psychiatry. Three articles come from the 1960s and 1970s: Stella Chess and colleagues on the longitudinal temperamental features of children, Leon Eisenberg on the limitations of psychoanalysis and the need to incorporate other fields of knowledge in child psychiatry, and Danny Cantwell on genetic factors in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Critical Notice.

"Goodness of Fit": Clinical Applications from Infancy through Adult Life. By Stella Chess & Alexander Thomas. Brunner/Mazel, Philadelphia, PA, 1999. pp. 229. pound24.95 (hb). Chess and Thomas's pioneering longitudinal studies of temperamental individuality started over 40 years ago (Thomas et al., 1963). Their publications soon became and remain classics. Their concept of "goodness of fit" emerges out of this monumental work but has had a long gestation period. In their new book, the authors distinguish between behaviour disorders that are reactive to the child's life circumstances, including life events, and which are self-correcting or responsive to the relevant changes in their environment, and more serious disorders.

Carey, W. B., & McDevitt, S. C. (Eds.). (1994). Prevention and early intervention: Individual differences as risk factors for the mental health of children. A Festschrift for Stella Chess and Alexander Thomas. New York: Brunner/Mazel, 314 pp., $38.95

Psychology in the SchoolsVolume 32, Issue 4 p. 332-334 Book Review Carey, W. B., & McDevitt, S. C. (Eds.). (1994). Prevention and early intervention: Individual differences as risk factors for the mental health of children. A Festschrift for Stella Chess and Alexander Thomas. New York: Brunner/Mazel, 314 pp., $38.95 William E. Roweton, William E. RowetonSearch for more papers by this author William E. Roweton, William E. RowetonSearch for more papers by this author First published: October 1995 https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6807(199510)32:4<332::AID-PITS2310320417>3.0.CO;2-YAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume32, Issue4October 1995Pages 332-334 RelatedInformation

Prevention and Early Intervention: Individual Differences as Risk Factors for the Mental Health of Children. A Festschrift for Stella Chess and Alexander Thomas

Prevention and Early Intervention: Individual Differences as Risk Factors for the Mental Health of Children. A Festschrift for Stella Chess and Alexander Thomas

Prevention and Early Intervention: Individual Differences as Risk Factors for the Mental Health of Children: A Festschrift for Stella Chess and Alexander Thomas

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article ArticleNo AccessPrevention and Early Intervention: Individual Differences as Risk Factors for the Mental Health of Children: A Festschrift for Stella Chess and Alexander ThomasRobert RacusinRobert RacusinSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:1 Apr 2006https://doi.org/10.1176/ps.46.3.297AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail "Prevention and Early Intervention: Individual Differences as Risk Factors for the Mental Health of Children: A Festschrift for Stella Chess and Alexander Thomas." Psychiatric Services, 46(3), p. 297 Access content To read the fulltext, please use one of the options below to sign in or purchase access. Personal login Institutional Login Sign in via OpenAthens Purchase Save for later Item saved, go to cart PPV Articles - Psychiatric Services $35.00 Add to cart PPV Articles - Psychiatric Services Checkout Please login/register if you wish to pair your device and check access availability. Not a subscriber? Subscribe Now / Learn More PsychiatryOnline subscription options offer access to the DSM-5 library, books, journals, CME, and patient resources. This all-in-one virtual library provides psychiatrists and mental health professionals with key resources for diagnosis, treatment, research, and professional development. Need more help? PsychiatryOnline Customer Service may be reached by emailing [email protected] or by calling 800-368-5777 (in the U.S.) or 703-907-7322 (outside the U.S.). FiguresReferencesCited byDetailsCited ByNone Volume 46Issue 3 March 1995Pages 297-297 Metrics PDF download History Published online 1 April 2006 Published in print 1 March 1995

Prevention and early intervention; individual differences as risk factors for the mental health of children. A Festschrift for Stella Chess and Alexander Thomas

Het is geen gemakkelijke opgave dit ‘Liber amicorum’ te bespreken. Allereerst is het moeilijk een uitgebreide selectie bijdragen rond een thema te beoordelen, en dan nog wel een briljant geacht concept van de jubilarissen. Op de tweede plaats begon ik als recensent van dit boek aarzelend nadat ik de inhoudopgave bekeken had. Ik betwijfelde of dit op empirische studies geente boek voldoende informatieve waarde zou hebben voor de lezersdoelgroep van psychotherapeuten.

Sentiments, evaluations, and claims

Sam Spade and his secretary, Effie Perine, possess, to put it mildly, different emotional natures, which lead them to judge Sam's lover, Bridget O'Shaughnessy, differently. Effie is sympathetic; Sam is driven not only by self-interest, but by a sense of duty. When a man's partner is killed he's supposed to do something about It doesn't make any difference what you've thought of him. He was your partner and you're supposed to do something about it. And Sam also is moved by resentment and his desire to maintain self-control, because he knows that Bridget is trying to play him for the sap and he is tempted to go along. He sends Bridget to prison, perhaps to be executed, rather than giving in to her pleas to protect her. won't because all of me wants to - wants to say the hell with consequences and do it - and because - God damn you - you've counted on that with me the same as you've counted on that with all the In The Moral Sense James Q. Wilson explains how the moral senses of sympathy, duty and self-control, as well as fairness, are deeply rooted in our natures.(1) Wilson draws on a truly impressive array of disciplines - biology, sociobiology, anthropology, sociology, psychology, neurophysiology, criminology, history, Greek philosophy, the philosophy of the Scottish Enlightenment - in showing how our sentiments provide an important ground for our evaluationsof ourselves and others, as wee as a motivating force to act on those evaluations. Wilson effectively demonstrates why our evaluative life - including even Sam Spade's - cannot be explained simply in terms of rational self-interest. Wilson is clear that self-interest plays an important role in the analysis of moral judgments and behavior, but morality cannot be understood simply as a strategy adopted by self-interested agents: the moral sentiments matter. Much, I think, is right about all this. But I remain skeptical that have the dominating role in morality that Wilson ascribes to them. For as with Sam and Effie, our often diverge. Nothing, I think, is quite so common as reasonable people having different feelings, leading them to different evaluations of the same object. This basic affective diversity of our natures, I believe, renders our unsuitable as the focus of a public, shared, morality in a diverse society. That, at least, is what I shall suggest in this essay. Can Sentiments Be Judged as Inappropriate? Although at one point Wilson defines the moral sense in terms of beliefs [xii], the overwhelming emphasis is on the moral sense as -what ordinary people mean when they speak of their moral feelings [xiii, 8]. It is also said to involve sentiments' [231. And given that emotions are moral sentiments [2321, it seems that the moral sense - or, rather senses are essentially emotions or sentiments. Now my central problem is this: we have a great deal of evidence that people's emotional natures differ in that some people are more likely, say, to feel anger, or more intense anger at some situations than others. The work of Stella Chess and her colleagues - on which Wilson draws [137-38] - provides evidence of innate differences in temperament; such factors as Quality of Mood (the tendency to engage in joyful or friendly behavior), as well as threshold responses to stimulation differ from two to three months after birth, and these differences persist.(2) And psychologists of emotions such as Carroll E. Izard recognize that [t]he interaction of innate differences in emotion thresholds and life circumstances leads to a great variety of emotional-cognitive orientations.(3) Of course, Wilson himself cites extensive evidence that emotional orientations differ, say, between men and women [ch. 8]. Given this, we know that, in any given circumstance, one person is apt to experience an emotional reaction of a certain intensity that another, placed in just that same situation, win not. Sam is moved by resentment and a sense of duty, Effie by sympathy. …

Annual Progress in Child Psychiatry and Child Development Edited by Stella Chess, M.D., Alexander Thomas, M.D., and Margaret Hertzig, M.D. New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1987. 643 pp. $47.50 hardcover

Annual Progress in Child Psychiatry and Child Development Edited by Stella Chess, M.D., Alexander Thomas, M.D., and Margaret Hertzig, M.D. New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1987. 643 pp. $47.50 hardcover

Annual Progress in Child Psychiatry and Child Development, 1988—edited by Stella Chess, M.D., Alexander Thomas, M.D., and Margaret E. Hertzig, M.D.; New York, Brunner/Mazel, 1989, 704 pages, $50

<b>Annual Progress in Child Psychiatry and Child Development, 1988</b>—edited by Stella Chess, M.D., Alexander Thomas, M.D., and Margaret E. Hertzig, M.D.; New York, Brunner/Mazel, 1989, 704 pages, $50

Temperament in Clinical Practice—by Stella Chess, M.D., and Alexander Thomas, M.D.; Guilfond, New York, 1986, 315 pages, $30

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article ArticleNo AccessTemperament in Clinical Practice—by Stella Chess, M.D., and Alexander Thomas, M.D.; Guilfond, New York, 1986, 315 pages, $30Amy Rowan, and David BeharAmy RowanSearch for more papers by this author, and David BeharSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:1 Apr 2006https://doi.org/10.1176/ps.38.7.777-aAboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail "Temperament in Clinical Practice—by Stella Chess, M.D., and Alexander Thomas, M.D.; Guilfond, New York, 1986, 315 pages, $30." Psychiatric Services, 38(7), pp. 777-a–778 Access content To read the fulltext, please use one of the options below to sign in or purchase access. Personal login Institutional Login Sign in via OpenAthens Purchase Save for later Item saved, go to cart PPV Articles - Psychiatric Services $35.00 Add to cart PPV Articles - Psychiatric Services Checkout Please login/register if you wish to pair your device and check access availability. Not a subscriber? Subscribe Now / Learn More PsychiatryOnline subscription options offer access to the DSM-5 library, books, journals, CME, and patient resources. This all-in-one virtual library provides psychiatrists and mental health professionals with key resources for diagnosis, treatment, research, and professional development. Need more help? PsychiatryOnline Customer Service may be reached by emailing [email protected] or by calling 800-368-5777 (in the U.S.) or 703-907-7322 (outside the U.S.). FiguresReferencesCited byDetailsCited byNone Volume 38Issue 7 July 1987Pages 777-a-778 Metrics PDF download History Published online 1 April 2006 Published in print 1 July 1987

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:Meeting the Challenge of Disability or Chronic Illness: a Family Guide By Lori Goldfarb Mary Jane Brotherson Jean Ann Summers and Mary P. TurnbullChronic Childhood Disorders: a Handbook of Medical Care in the Community By Gwilym Hosking and Ruth PowellAbdominal Pain in Children By Barry O'DonnellA Manual of Neonatal Intensive Care, 2nd Edn. By N. R. C. RobertonPrinciples and Practice of Child Psychiatry, 2nd Edn. By Stella Chess and Mahin HassibiConcepts in Pediatric Neurosurgery, Vol. 6 Edited by P. H. ChapmanPositioning the Client with Central Nervous System Deficits: The Wheelchair and Other Adapted Equipment, 2nd Edn. By Adrienne Falk and Cheryl ColangeloSpeech and Language Evaluation in Neurology: Childhood Disorders Edited by John K. Darby

Annual Progress in Child Psychiatry and Child Development 1983. Edited by Stella Chess and Alexander Thomas. New York: Brunner/Mazel. 1984. Pp. 554. $35.00.

Annual Progress in Child Psychiatry and Child Development 1983. Edited by Stella Chess and Alexander Thomas. New York: Brunner/Mazel. 1984. Pp. 554. $35.00.

Annual Progress in Child Psychiatry and Child Development. 1981. Edited by Stella Chess and Alexander Thomas. New York: Brunner/Mazel. 1982. Pp 682. $30.00.

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Book Reviews

The Dynamics of Psychological Development. Alexander Thomas and Stella Chess. Child Abuse: An Agenda for Action. Edited by George Gerbner, Catherine J. Ross and Edward Zigler. Emotional Disorders in Children and Adolescents. Edited by G. Pirooz Sholevar, Ronald M. Benson and Barton J. Blinder. Educating Slow‐Learning and Maladjusted Children: Integration or Segregation? D. M. Galloway and Carole Goodwin. People not Patients. Problems and Policies in Mental Handicap. Peter Mittler. Female Adolescent Development. Edited by Max Sugar. Emerging Language in Autistic Children. Warren H. Fay and Adriana Schuler. An Evaluation of a School Psychological Service: the Portsmouth Pattern. H. J. Wright and T. A. N. Payne Educating Adolescent Girls. E. M. Chandler Gender and Disordered Behavior. Sex Differences in Psychopathology. Edited by Edith S. Gomberg and Violet Franks. Psiquiatria Infantil. F. Cobos. Aspects of Epilepsy. Proceedings of the Oxford Scientific Meeting of the International League Against Epilepsy (British Branch) Psychopathological Disorders of Childhood. (2nd Edition.) Edited by Herbert C. Quay and John S. Werry. Harry Stack Sullivan's Concepts of Personality Development and Psychiatric Illness. A. H. Chapman and Miriam Q. M. S. Chapman. The Guided Reinvention of Language. Andrew Lock. Adolescence and Alcohol. J. E. Mayer and W. J. Filstead. Are Young Children Egocentric? Edited by M. V. Cox Helping Your Handicapped Baby. C. Cunningham and P. Sloper Let Me Read. D. Jeffree and M. Skeffington. Art Activities for the Handicapped. S. M. Atack. Teaching the Handicapped Child. D. M. Jeffree, R. Mcconkey and S. Hewson Learning to Cope. E. Whelan and B. Speake. Helping the Retarded—A Systematic Behavioural Approach (2nd Edition). E. A. Perkins, P. D. taylor and A. C. M. Capie. Prevention of Mental Handicap. B.I.M.H. Conference Proceedings. Holes in the Welfare Net. M. Oswin. Infants at Risk. Assessment of Cognitive Functioning. Edited by R. B. Kearsley and I. E. Sigel Modern Management of Mental Handicap. A Manual of Practice. Edited by G B. Simon. Children and Youth Services Review. An international multi‐disciplinary quarterly review of the welfare of young people.

Foreword

Foreword This issue of the Annals is devoted to the topic of rubella-caused deafness, and more particularly to the thousands of children born deaf, many with additional impairments including blindness, as a result of the 1963-65 rubella epidemic. These youngsters are approaching adulthood and soon will become eligible for postsecondary education, rehabilitation , and/or other social services. But both their numbers and the special needs of many among them are likely to overtax our services unless we plan now. Craig Mills, in a charge to participants in the recent conference Deafness and Rubella: Infants in the 60's, Adults in the 80's stated that as a result of the information presented at that conference they were probably "the best informed group in America on the educational and rehabilitation significance of the sequelae of maternal rubella." The purpose of this special issue is to share more widely the information and perspectives presented at that conference. The backgrounds of the authors of the following articles reflect many of the kinds of services needed by children and adults whose deafness is due to maternal rubella, including the vital services of parents and of concerned deaf and deaf-blind people themselves. While the emphases of the different articles overlap, they do have an ordered sequence. William Castle and Richard Silverman, in the introduction and the opening article, set the stage for the following articles and for state, regional, and national planning. Stephen Preblud and his coauthors describe rubella from the standpoint of its past and future occurrence in relation to the national immunization program initiated in 1969. Raymond Trybus and his colleagues, together with the guest editor, then offer some statistical descriptions of students at the elementary/secondary and postsecondary levels whose deafness is due to rubella. In these two articles, they also make projections of numbers likely to qualify for postsecondary education and rehabilitation services. The next three articles by Stella Chess, McCay Vernon, Theodore Lockett, and their respective coauthors focus on children with maternal rubella who, in addition to their deafness, have other disabilities including neurological disorders and blindness. One implication of these articles is that for many, rehabilitation will be a lengthy process, and for some, spanning a lifetime. Bonnie Fairchild, Albert Pimentel, and Robert Smithdas then present the compelling perspectives of parents of deaf children, of deaf adults, and of deaf-blind adults respectively. All three bring experience as national leaders and advocates to their presentations. Articles by Barry Griffing and Hollis Wyks then follow. They address some of the implications of what we know about deaf children with maternal rubella for planning a spectrum of postsecondary educational, vocational training, and independent living services to meet their needs as adults. Craig Mills closes with a summation and a charge aimed at all of us who, though our specialties may differ, share a responsibility to all deaf children and adults who are entitled to our services. William Castle in his introduction acknowledges the numerous national organizations, institutions , and agencies which cosponsored the conference and directly or indirectly this issue of the Annals. As editor of this issue, I would like to add a special thanks to each of the authors , to Kathleen Clarke and Hugh Summers of the Annals office, and to the several staff at NTID who made it possible to meet a tight deadline. In his keynote, Richard Silverman speaks fondly of Jimmy, an Australian child who was born deaf in 1941 as a result of rubella. In the same year, but in Canada, another child named David was also born deaf as a result of the same worldwide epidemic. Today both Jimmy and David are living fulfilling, productive lives. David is my brother. E Ross StuMess Guest Editor 960 A.A.O. ¡November 1980 ...