Steel Plate Concrete Shear Wall Research Articles

Experimental study on seismic behavior of a novel RC slab- SC wall joint based on UHPC and rebar – steel plate lap splices

Steel plate concrete shear walls (SC walls) have been widely used in practical projects because of great mechanical properties. For the application in nuclear power plant containment, the joint of specially shaped reinforced concrete slab and SC walls is difficult to design and construct. By using ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC), a new type of joint with the non-contact lapping method is proposed in this paper, which has advantages of simple construction, superior performance, suitable cost, and wide application range. Five RC-UHPC slab-shear wall joints were designed and tested under reciprocating load to study the effects of structures of lapping steel plate, shear-resisting methods, and interfacial reinforcing methods on the mechanical properties of the joints. The test results showed that the joints adopting the new structures were damaged for the flexural failure of the concrete area, with no damage to the joint zone, while the other specimens failed in the shear failure of the joint zone. It can be demonstrated that the ribs formed by bars and studs on the lapping steel plates are effective measures for non-contact force transferring, and interfacial reinforcing bars can improve the strength of the interface between concrete and UHPC. The force transferring efficiency of the new joints was close to or more than 90%, which indicates that the proposed joint structures can effectively realize the non-contact lapping force transferring. The design formulas and suggestions are proposed based on the analysis of the mechanism of new structures.

Experimental study to unraveling the seismic behavior of CFRP retrofitting composite coupled shear walls for enhanced resilience

This study focuses on the empirical examination of the nonlinear seismic performance of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP)-strengthened composite coupled reinforced concrete (RC) shear walls. The experimental setup involves testing the structure in two distinct states, wherein CFRP sheets are utilized for retrofitting and reinforcement. In the initial phase, three samples undergo reinforcement utilizing distinct patterns of CFRP sheets. In the subsequent stage, an additional trio of specimens is fabricated and tested without the application of CFRP sheets. Subsequently, all structures are exposed to a load equivalent to 60 % of their flexural capacity. Following this, the tested specimens undergo retrofitting with CFRP sheets, utilizing the same patterns as in the initial phase. The retrofitted composite coupled shear walls are then subjected to retesting. The principal aim of CFRP retrofitting is to amplify the flexural and shear capacities of the specimens, empowering them to endure heightened seismic loads in comparison to their original configurations. This research contributes by evaluating ductility, ultimate strength, energy dissipation, and construction costs associated with composite coupled steel plate-concrete shear walls. All specimens underwent cyclic loading in accordance with the ATC-24 guidelines [1], which provide standard protocols for testing the cyclic performance of structural components. These guidelines, outline procedures for simulating seismic loading conditions in laboratory settings to evaluate the performance of structural systems under cyclic loading. Finally, a parametric study explores the impact of CFRP sheets and their adhesion patterns on the seismic behavior of composite coupled shear walls. The selection of the optimal retrofitting scheme considers the construction cost of each specimen based on the total area of CFRP sheets utilized.

A plastic-based model for in-plane shear strength of steel plate-concrete shear walls

The steel plate-concrete shear wall (SCSW) has great potential being used in nuclear facilities due to its high construction efficiency and excellent structural performance. Although it is not new, but only thirty-year history of study for application in nuclear facilities. Different from other ordinary structures, nuclear facilities are low-rise buildings consisting of squat shear walls, and the in-plane, out-of-plane shear capacity and their combination are of concern in design. Currently, several equations for evaluation of in-plane shear strength of SCSW element are put forward and some are adopted by design codes with some modification. However, these equations are established based on the elastic theory and do not consider the collaborative work of infilled concrete and steel plates in limit state from an overall perspective. From the ultimate limit design point of view in current design structural codes or standards, a new model for evaluating the in-plane shear strength of the SCSW element is derived based on the lower bound plastic limit theory and two of its simplified expressions are proposed for easy application. The accuracy of the proposed equations is verified by comparing the calculated results with 14 collected experimental results. In the end, a comparison between the proposed equations and those in codes AISC N690 and JEAG 4618 is conducted.

Eccentric compressive behaviour of double steel-concrete shear wall constrained with ribs and bars

By adding ribs and bars to form the double steel-concrete shear wall constrained with ribs and bars, the steel plate of the whole steel-concrete shear wall can be strengthened of the constraint. The research on Eccentric compressive behavior of double steel-concrete shear wall constrained with rib and bar is less, this paper analyzes double steel plate concrete shear wall by using larger length-width rectangular CFST column research methods. Based on the constitutive relation of the rectangular CFST column with ribs and bars, the relative parameters are changed, and a program is written to compare and analyze eccentric compressive behavior of double steel-concrete shear wall constrained with ribs and bars compared with that double steel plate concrete shear wall only constrained with bars.

Research Progress on Internal Shear Connection of Double Steel Plate-concrete Composite Shear Wall

A comprehensive analysis of three types internal shear connection of double steel plate-concrete composite shear walls is carried out. There are internally welded shear connectors, tension restraints shear connectors, and cavity-type. The analysis shows that these three types of shear connection forms have significant effects on the improvement of the seismic performance of shear walls, and can give full use of the properties of steel and concrete. Compared with the traditional shear wall, the steel plate concrete shear wall has been greatly improved and has a high level of industrialization. Aiming at these three types of shear connection forms, their deficiencies and future development directions were clarified.

Literature review of seismic performance of double-layer steel plate-concrete composite shear wall with stiffeners

Shear wall, as the main anti-sway component in high-rise buildings, plays an important role in resisting horizontal earthquakes. Shear wall has high ductility and high bearing capacity with the participation of steel plate, which can meet the requirements of high-rise building structures on structural members. Shear wall with steel plate is divided into two types according to the construction method, one is Shear wall with single steel plate, and the other is shear wall with two layers of steel plates. n recent years, double steel plate shear walls with stiffeners have attracted much attention due to their good ductility and ease of construction. By summarizing the current research situation of steel plate concrete shear walls, suggestions are made for future research.

Seismic Behavior of Steel Plate-Concrete Shear Walls with Holes

Steel plate-concrete shear walls (SPSW) are used as the containment in nuclear power stations. However, the influence of holes and axial loading on the behavior of steel plate-concrete shear walls is neglected in most studies. Thus, it is necessary to understand the seismic behavior of SPSW members with holes in order to avoid the potential risks for nuclear power stations. In this study, a series of specimens were tested by low-cycle reciprocal loading. The specimens were designed with different holes to simulate real members in nuclear power stations. A hysteretic curve of specimens was obtained from a low-cycle reciprocal test to discuss the seismic behavior of steel plate-concrete shear walls (SPSW). Moreover, effects of axial compression ratio, hole size, thickness of the steel plate, and hole position on the hysteretic performance of SPSW were analyzed. The horizontal ultimate bearing capacity of SPSW specimens was estimated using the norms of the Architecture Institute of Japan and the calculation method of Ono reduction rate. Results provide theoretical references for the design and application of SPSW with holes.

Steel Plate Cold‐Rolled Section Steel Embedded High‐Strength Concrete Low‐Rise Shear Wall Seismic Performance

Four test pieces with different steel plate center‐to‐center distances and reinforcement ratios are subjected to low‐cycle repeat quasistatic loading to optimize properties as failure mode, hysteretic curve, skeleton curve, energy dissipation parameters, strength parameters, and seismic performance of high‐strength concrete low‐rise shear walls. The embedded steel plates are shown to effectively restrict wall crack propagation, enhance the overall steel ratio, and improve the failure mode of the wall while reducing the degree of brittle failure. Under the same conditions, increasing the spacing between the steel plates in the steel plate concrete shear wall can effectively preserve the horizontal bearing capacity of the shear wall under an ultimate load. The embedded steel plates perform better than concealed bracing in delaying stiffness degeneration in the low‐rise shear walls, thus safeguarding their long‐term bearing capacity. The results presented here may provide a workable basis for shear wall design optimization.

Seismic capacity estimation of Steel Plate Concrete (SC) shear wall specimens by nonlinear static analyses

This study focuses on the structural behavior of the Steel Plate Concrete (SC) shear wall subjected to the lateral forces. An analytical approach to model the nonlinear behavior of the SC shear wall member efficiently is introduced in this paper. The pushover test results of the SC shear wall specimens in the previous study were first reviewed. Then, through the Finite Element (FE) modeling and structural analyses, the lateral load responses of the composite wall models were predicted to compare with experimental results. More specifically, nonlinear static analyses were performed to estimate the seismic capacity of the SC shear wall. The failure modes, strength and stiffness characteristics of the composite walls were obtained from the analyses. Good concurrences in the initial stiffness and displacement outcomes of the FE model and experimental results along with similar overall behavior were observed. It was also found that the analytical results depend a lot on the interface contact (i.e., boundary conditions between concrete and studs, steel reinforcement and welded studs, respectively) while modeling the SC shear wall using FE.

Mechanical Performance between the Embedded Steel Plate and the Concrete in Composite Shear Walls

In order to strengthen the co-work performance between the steel plate and concrete, the anchorage construction of arrayed studs were welded on both sides of the plate according to a super high-rise building in Beijing. Eighteen specimens of embedded steel plate concrete shear walls with arrayed studs were tested by pushing out under monotonic loading in this paper. Some parameters, such as the thickness of the concrete wall, the thickness of steel plate, the diameter, the length and the amount of the studs and the rate of reinforcement for distributing bars in the walls were considered. The shear bearing capacity, load-slip relationship, strains of the steel plate and studs, mechanical properties and failure mode were analyzed. The effect of stud layout on the coordinate work of the concrete plate was studied. Results show that the shear bearing capacity is obviously improved by using smaller diameter studs or decreasing the distance between studs when the total area of studs is kept unchanged. The thickness of the steel plate has almost no effect on the shear bearing capacity. The ratio of the length to the diameter of the studs should be not less than 4. A simplified mechanics calculated method to estimate the shear bearing capacity of this kind of shear wall was put forward. And the calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results.

횡방향 가력실험 및 충격실험을 통한 강판콘크리트(SC) 전단벽의 감쇠비 평가

Steel plate concrete (SC) composite structure is now being recognized as a promising technology applicable to nuclear power plants as it is faster and suitable for modular construction. It is required to identify its dynamic characteristics prior to perform the seismic design of the SC structure. Particularly, the damping ratio of the structure is one of the critical design factors to control the dynamic response of structure. This paper compares the criteria for the damping ratios of each type of structures which are prescribed in the regulatory guide for the nuclear power plant. In order to identify the damping ratio of SC shear wall, this study made SC wall specimens and conducted experiments by cyclic lateral load tests and vibration tests with impact hammer. During the lateral loading test, SC wall specimens exhibited large ductile capacities with increasing amplitude of loading due to the confinement effects by the steel plate and the damping ratios increased until failure. The experimental results show that the damping ratios increased from about 6% to about 20% by increasing the load from the safe shutdown earthquake level to the ultimate strength level.

An Experimental Study on Shear Friction Behavior of RC Slab and SC(Steel Plate Concrete) Wall Structure with Connection Joint

In this study, the structure behavior of RC slab and SC shear wall connection was investigated. Also experimental study was performed to evaluate the factor of safety of demand shear connection strength in KEPIC SNG Standard. As a result, shear friction strength of connection was known about 300kN and shear strength of rebar increased according to the displacement increase. With the installment of the lower rebars, 40% shear strength increased compared to the non-rebar specimen.

비보강 강판콘크리트 전단벽의 횡하중 성능 및 강도특성에 대한 실험적 평가

최근 국내에서는 원자력발전소의 모듈화 공법에 적용하기 위하여 SC(steel plate concrete) 구조를 개발하는 연구를 진행하고 있다. 이 연구에서는 전단보강이 없는 비보강 SC 전단벽의 횡방향 내진성능 및 강성특성에 대하여 분석하기 위하여 전단벽 모형 시편을 제작하고, 이를 대상으로 정적가력실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과를 이용하여, 이 논문에서는 비보강 SC 구조의 횡력에 대한 파괴모드의 유형을 분석하고, 단면강도와 부재의 강성 특성을 검토하였다. 그리고 SC 구조용 설계기준에서 제시하는 단면의 강도 계산식과 실험결과를 비교하였다. 연구결과, 비보강 SC 전단벽의 파괴 형태의 하나는 콘크리트와 강판의 부착 상실로 인한 휨전단파괴라는 사실을 발견하였다. SC 구조 전단벽의 벽체 길이방향 거동은 파괴 시까지 벽체 외측의 강판이 내부 콘크리트를 구속하는 효과를 기대할 수 있으므로 연성능력이 향상되는 것이 확인되었다 Research on steel plate concrete (SC) structures for the modularization of nuclear power plants have been performed recently in Korea. In this study, the seismic capacity and stiffness characteristics of unstiffened SC shear walls under the effects of earthquakes were investigated through static pushover tests. Failure modes, sectional strength, and stiffness characteristics of SC structures under lateral loads were inspected by analyzing the experimental results. The strengths obtained by the experiments were also compared with those derived by the design code of the SC structures. One of the main failures of unstiffened SC shear walls was found to be the type of bending shear failure due to the debonding of the steel plate at the concrete interface. The ductility capacity of SC structures was also confirmed to be improved, which is considered to be a confining effect on steel plates in the longitudinal behavior of SC structures.

Test on Embedded Perforated Steel Plate Shear Wall with Concrete Filled Steel Tube Columns

In view of the proposal of embedded steel plate concrete shear wall with concrete filled steel tube columns which contains a new kind shear connector of tie-bars through the circular holes linking concrete layers on both sides of the plate. In order to prove the seismic performance of walls with circular holes on the plate, three steel plate shear wall specimens, including the plate without holes bolted with columns, welded with columns, and the perforated plate welded with columns, were tested under cyclic loading. According to the results, the load-bearing capacity, ductility, energy dissipation, hysteretic behavior and failure phenomena were analyzed. It is showed that the load-bearing capacity of the three specimens were quite close. However, the wall with perforated steel plate has better ductility, energy dissipation and hysteretic behavior. So, it is an effective way to improve the seismic performance of walls by means of embedded perforated steel plate instead of ordinary ones.