Steel Pilings Research Articles

Microbial Communities of Orange Tubercles in Accelerated Low-Water Corrosion.

The rapid degradation of marine infrastructure at the low tide level due to accelerated low-water corrosion (ALWC) is a problem encountered worldwide. Despite this, there is limited understanding of the microbial communities involved in this process. We obtained samples of the orange-colored tubercles commonly associated with ALWC from two different types of steel sheet piling, located adjacent to each other but with different levels of localized corrosion, at a seaside harbor. The microbial communities from the outer and inner layers of the orange tubercles and from adjacent seawater were studied by pure culture isolation and metabarcoding of the 16S rRNA genes. A collection of 119 bacterial isolates was obtained from one orange tubercle sample, using a range of media in anaerobic and aerobic conditions. The metabarcoding results showed that sulfur and iron oxidizers were more abundant on the outer sections of the orange tubercles compared to the inner layers, where Deltaproteobacteria (which include many sulfate reducers) were more abundant. The microbial communities varied significantly between the inner and outer layers of the orange tubercles and also with the seawater but overall did not differ significantly between the two steel sheet types. Hence, we saw similar microbial communities in orange tubercles present, but different levels of localized corrosion, for two different types of colocated steel sheet piling. Metallurgical analysis found differences in composition, grain size, ferrite-pearlite ratio, and the extent of inclusions present between the two steel types investigated.IMPORTANCE The presence of orange tubercles on marine steel pilings is often used as an indication that accelerated low-water corrosion is taking place. We studied the microbial communities in attached orange tubercles on two closely located sheet pilings that were of different steel types. The attached orange tubercles were visually similar, but the extents of underlying corrosion on the different steel surfaces were substantially different. No clear difference was found between the microbial communities present on the two different types of sheet piling. However, there were clear differences in the microbial communities in the corrosion layers of tubercles, which were also different from the microbes present in adjacent seawater. The overall results suggest that the presence of orange tubercles, a single measurement of water quality, or the detection of certain general types of microbes (e.g., sulfate-reducing bacteria) should not be taken alone as definitive indications of accelerated corrosion.

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study on Interlock Deformation for Roll Formed U-Section Steel Piling

The interlock of a roll formed U-section sheet steel piling under loading was analyzed by means of numerical simulation, and meanwhile the tensile failure experiment was conducted. The results indicated that under the same load, the interlock corners of roll formed steel piling are not only the regions with the lowest safety factor, but also the regions with the highest stress; there are two slippages in the tensile instability process of interlock. Each slippage can be regarded as a failure, and different types of failure mode should be used to evaluate the performance of steel pilings according to different applications. Due to the work hardening effect during the roll forming process, the hardness of the interlock material increases by 16% compared with that of the original sheet steel. It was also found that the instability strength obtained in tensile failure test is only 15.6% of the tensile strength of the original sheet steel.

Factors Contributing to Corrosion of Steel Pilings in Duluth-Superior Harbor

Abstract Field observations and laboratory testing were used to conclude that aggressive localized corrosion of carbon steel pilings in Duluth-Superior Harbor, Minnesota and Wisconsin, is caused by...

Epibenthic colonization of concrete and steel pilings in a cold-temperate embayment: a field experiment

With large-scale development of offshore wind farms, vertical structures are becoming more common in open water areas. To examine how vertical structures of different materials may be colonized by epibenthic organisms, an experiment was carried out using steel and concrete pilings constructed to resemble those commonly used in wind farm constructions as well as in bridges, jetties and oil platforms. The early recruitment and succession of the epibenthic communities were sampled once a month for the first 5 months and then again after 1 year. Further, the fish assemblages associated with the pillars were sampled and compared to natural areas. The main epibenthic species groups, in terms of coverage, differed between the two materials at five out of six sampling occasions. Dominant organisms on steel pillars were the barnacle Balanus improvisus, the calcareous tubeworm Pomatoceros triqueter and the tunicate Ciona intestinalis. On the concrete pillars, the hydroid Laomedea sp. and the tunicates Corella parallelogramma and Ascidiella spp. dominated. However, there was no different in coverage at different heights on the pillars or in biomass and species abundance at different directions (north-east or south-west) 5 months after submergence. Fish showed overall higher abundances and species numbers on the pillars (but no difference between steel and concrete) compared to the surrounding soft bottom habitats but not compared to natural vertical rock walls. Two species were attracted to the pillars, indicating a reef effect; Gobiusculus flavescens and Ctenolabrus rupestris. The bottom-dwelling gobies, Pomatoschistus spp., did not show such preferences.

Nucor Corp.

AbstractMetal Works (MIC: SIC: 3312 NAIC: 331111)Nucor produces and sells steel and steel products via its steel mills and steel products segments. Co.'s steel mills segment produces hot‐rolled steel (angles, rounds, flats, channels, sheet, beams, pilings, blooms, beam blanks and plate) and cold‐rolled steel, while its steel products segment produces steel joists and joist girders, steel deck, cold finish steel, steel fasteners, metal building systems, light gauge steel framing, steel grating and expanded metal, and wire mesh. In the U.S., Co.'s hot‐ and cold‐rolled steel are sold to steel service centers, fabricators and manufacturers, while its steel joists, joist girders and steel deck are sold to general contractors and fabricators.

Nucor Corp.

AbstractMetal Works (MIC: SIC: 3312 NAIC: 331111)Nucor produces and sells steel and steel products via its steel mills and steel products segments. Co.'s steel mills segment produces hot‐rolled steel (angles, rounds, flats, channels, sheet, beams, pilings, blooms, beam blanks and plate) and cold‐rolled steel, while its steel products segment produces steel joists and joist girders, steel deck, cold finish steel, steel fasteners, metal building systems, light gauge steel framing, steel grating and expanded metal, and wire and wire mesh. Co. sells hot‐ and cold‐rolled steel to steel service centers, fabricators and manufacturers, as well as steel joists/ joist girders and steel deck to general contractors and fabricators in the U.S.

Nucor Corp.

AbstractMetal Works (MIC: 11.3 SIC: 3312 NAIC: 331111)Nucor produces and sells steel and steel products via its steel mills and steel products segments. Co.'s steel mills segment produces hot‐rolled steel (angles, rounds, flats, channels, rebar, sheet, beams, pilings, billets, blooms, beam blanks and plate)and cold‐rolled steel, while its steel products segment produces steel joists and joist girders, steel deck, cold finished steel, steel fasteners, metal building systems, light gauge steel framing, and wire and wire mesh. In the U.S., Co. sells hot‐ and cold‐rolled steel to steel service centers, fabricators and manufacturers, and sells steel joists/joist girders and steel deck to general contractors and fabricators.

Nucor Corp.

AbstractMetal Works (MIC: 11.3 SIC: 3312 NAIC: 331111)Nucor produces and sells steel and steel products via two business segments: steel mills and steel products. Co.'s key products from the steel mills segment are hot‐rolled steel (angles, rounds, flats, channels, rebar, sheet, wide‐flange beams, pilings, billets, blooms, beam blanks and plate) and cold‐rolled steel, while its steel products segment produces steel joists and joist girders, steel deck, cold finished steel, steel fasteners, metal building systems and light gauge steel framing. In the U.S., Co. sells hot‐ and cold‐rolled steel to steel service centers, fabricators and manufacturers, and it sells steel joists/joist girders and steel deck to general contractors and fabricators.

Nucor Corp.

AbstractMetal Works (MIC: 11.3 SIC: 3312 NAIC: 331111)Nucor produces and sells steel and steel products via two business segments: steel mills and steel products. Co.'s key products from the steel mills segment are hot‐rolled steel (angles, rounds, flats, channels, rebar, sheet, wide‐flange beams, pilings, billets, blooms, beam blanks and plate) and cold‐rolled steel, while its steel products segment produces steel joists and joist girders, steel deck, cold finished steel, steel fasteners, metal building systems and light gauge steel framing. In the U.S., Co. sells hot‐ and cold‐rolled steel to steel service centers, fabricators and manufacturers, and it sells steel joists/joist girders and steel deck to general contractors and fabricators.

Investigation of marine environmental related deterioration of coal tar epoxy paint on tubular steel pilings

In the Arabian Gulf region, port and waterway authorities are becoming increasingly concerned about accelerated tidal and splash zone concentrated corrosion on marine tubular steel piles. The coating protection and maintenance of tubular steel pilings located in a marine environment can be difficult. The arid environment of Kuwait of the salt water and salt laden moisture and high temperature fluctuation with the marine growth on the marine structure creates a challenging maintenance problem. This premature failure investigation dealt with the delamination and peeling of coal tar epoxy coating system. The new pier project is around 2.5 km long with topside facilities supported by 2000 tubular steel pilings in two types 914 mm and 1016 mm in diameters. Prior to installation, the piles at vendor's premises in another country received a protective coal tar epoxy coating with a minimum dry film thickness of 450 microns. However, almost all of the coated steel pilings severely deteriorated after 4–8 weeks causing an estimated cost of maintenance work of $4 million. The failure case investigation was carried out to ascertain the cause of the aforementioned coating defect and to propose a possible solution to the coating failure. An accepted method of repair has been proposed, and therefore to create a barrier system in the form of jacket material with anti corrosion wraps, protecting the underwater or splash zone pilings and other structural elements from further deterioration. The failure analysis results along with laboratory evaluation of the effectiveness of four different types of jacket materials will be addressed.

Microbially Influenced Corrosion of Steel in Aqueous Environments

MIC of metals occurs usually in connection with biofilms and EPS. Especially dangerous are alternating oxygenation conditions aerobic/anaerobic. In case of steel pilings the dimension time has a decisive effect too. A test apparatus for analysis of the resistance of steels against MIC, the mini-plant, has been developed.

New coatings for the corrosion protection of steel pipelines and pilings in severely aggressive environments

Two of the most aggressive corrosion environments for steel structures are elevated temperatures and exposure in the marine tidal and splash zone areas. There are now cold applied tape based products available which protect steel pipe or pilings exposed in these environments. These two distinct coatings are cold-applied systems and may be used as coatings on original projects or as rehabilitation coatings. The elevated temperature coating is a three layer system comprised of a high temperature liquid adhesive (primer) and a tape made from a heat resistant multiple alloy polymer with a high temperature resistant adhesive. This high temperature pipeline coating has been proven effective by high temperature testing in 14 pipeline industry laboratories and by field experiences by 30+ pipeline operators all over the world. The upper temperature limit for this high temperature tape system is 121°C (250°F). The cold-applied coating for steel circular pilings in marine environments is a six layer composite module which combines corrosion inhibitors and high mechanical strength. The modules are drawn around the piling by a mechanical closure mechanism either above or below the tide level during installation. The technical aspects of formulation, construction and installation of this protective system will be discussed.

鋼ぐいの腐食防食試験

Numerous steel pilings have been used as load-bearing foundations in soils, but there have been few studies on corrosion and corrosion prevention for such pilings. Therefore, tests have been carried out to study on these aspects of problems with special reference to a reclaimed land since a few years ago.This report includes data relating to the corrosion rate and the effect of cathodic protection of driven test piles, each having a diameter of 165.2mm and a length of 20m.The results of one-year tests indicated that the corrosion rate was about 0.1mm/yr, the protective current density required was about 15-20mA/m2 and the vertical potential distribution of the piles was almost uniform.The Norwegian Geonor's corrosion sounding apparatus was employed to measure the soil corrosivity. The result of the corrosion sounding was approximately equal to the corrosion rate of the test piles.Further tests are in progress.

Corrosion of steel pilings in soils.

From Introduction: In this paper are presented the results obtained to date from the inspections of steel pilings. The investigation will be continued by additional inspections of pilings in other parts if the country in order to cover a wider range of soil environments.

Cathodic Protection of Marine Terminal Facilities

Use of cathodic protection to inhibit corrosion of steel pilings at Port of New York Authority Marine Terminal Facilities; integration and development of cathodic protection system design with various types of marine structures is described, together with presentation of maintenance procedures and system economics.

Cathodic Protection of Marine Terminal Facilities

Use of cathodic protection to inhibit corrosion of steel pilings at Port of New York Authority Marine Terminal Facilities; integration and development of cathodic protection system design with vari...