Development Of Steel Industry Research Articles

Development Status and Trend Forecast of China's Iron and Steel Industry Based on Multi-Algorithm Coupling Modeling

Iron and steel metallurgy, as the most important weapon of the country, is ushering in a new round of good opportunities under the support of the national big infrastructure strategy. In this paper, we first use Python to crawl the data, and then use the data visualization software Emotional Sky visualization platform to get the big screen of steel industry data, and analyze the future development of the steel industry through the use of multi-algorithm coupled prediction method. The prediction of the future development of the iron and steel industry is realized through multi-algorithm coupling, and a new round of outlook on the iron and steel industry is proposed based on the prediction. Contribute to the early realization of efficient, intelligent and green development of China's iron and steel industry.

The Secret of China Keeping Leading the Export of Steel Trade Since 21 Century

The foundation was set by early industrialization, post-1949 emphasis on heavy industries, and post-1978 economic reforms.China emerged as a significant exporter of steel in the 21st century due to several factors that enhanced its competitiveness. These factors include the presence of abundant reserves of iron ore, a substantial labour force, and developments in technology. As a result, China successfully debunked the prevailing notion of relying solely on domestic resources and established itself as a prominent player in the global steel market. This paper examines China's global steel market dominance due to historical foundations, economic reforms, and competitive advantages. This study employs the H-O model and the supply and demand model, utilizing secondary data from various sources. The samples for this study include China's total population, China's GDP, Australia, and Europe and the United States. The type of data utilized in this research is secondary data, and it involves characteristics such as bar charts to observe the steel industry's development in China, Australia, and Europe and the United States. The data encompasses steel resource content, total steel import and export, total steel production, and the environmental policy stringency index. This paper proposes a novel avenue for future research, focusing on the integration of environmental factors into models explaining international steel trade dynamics. The investigation aims to shed light on the influence of environmental standards on trade patterns and, consequently, advance our comprehension of China's position within the global steel market.

Long-term factors and trends of the Ukrainian steel industry development

The paper deals with the study of long-term factors and trends of the Ukrainian steel industry development in the context of the influence of global industry trends. Its relevance is explained by the importance of the industry in the global and Ukrainian economy and the need to take into account modern economic, technological, social and climate challenges and opportunities for its future development. It was defined that leading factors of the world steel industry development in the long run are the demand for steel products, the implementation of latest technologies and the strengthening of a state industrial policy. Their influence will manifest in the increase of steel products consumption due to population growth, the priority implementation of smart technologies to improve the efficiency of steel manufacturing and strengthening of a state support for the industry, in particular – through protectionist measures. The main long-term trends of steel industry development on a global scale, due to the action of these factors, are the change in the geographical and product structure of the world steel market towards the leadership of the Asian region and the use of high-strength steels; increasing the environmental friendliness of the industry in order to achieve climate neutrality as a result of the implementation of breakthrough technologies; an increase of GDP steel intensity due to rise of steel production, which demonstrates a rather strong position of the steel industry in the economy. The study showed a slight decrease in the role of such traditional factors of the steel industry development as prices for steel products, investments and raw materials due to the increasing importance of means and directions for using resources instead of their ordinary availability. It was established that the main factors of the Ukrainian steel industry development in the long run, which are basically identical to the world ones due to its excessive export orientation, are changes in the global steel market, the development of latest technologies and the improvement in the competitive environment. And long-term trends are changes of steel products demand, increasing the environmental friendliness of the industry and reducing the GDP steel intensity. The influence of these factors and trends is largely negative and may lead to decrease of the role of steel industry in the economy due to the country's significant lag in terms of the introduction of latest technologies against the backdrop of increased competition in the foreign market, the lack of an effective industrial policy in the conditions of underdevelopment of the domestic steel market, a possible decrease in demand for steel products in the context of a declining population and a decrease in metal production. The improvement of the situation will contribute by the enhancement of the competitive environment through the elaboration of a long-term strategy for the industry development in the form of a separate regulatory act, the activation of the national market, the development of fundamental and industry science for the elaboration of advanced technologies of Industry 4.0 and the support of state authorities in promoting steel products to foreign markets.

Key Directions in Changes from Steelworks 3.0 to Steelworks 4.0 with Analysis of Selected Technologies of Digitalizing the Steel Industry in Poland

Abstract The publication is part of a new trend in popularizing Industry 4.0. The primary objective is to present the key directions in the transformation of the steel industry from steelworks 3.0 to steelworks 4.0. The work was based on a literature review and data analysis on steel 4.0 technologies. The analytical part of the thesis was prepared on the basis of the Polish steel sector (sections from the classification of economic activities: 24 and 25). On the basis of the literature study, a thesis was formulated about the need to digitize processes in enterprises heading for Industry 4.0. The application of selected technologies (ICT) in the Polish steel sector (percentage of companies using the analyzed technologies in the total number of enterprises in the sector) constitutes the scope of the research. Further research will be carried out in the area of digitization development in steel Industry toward steel 4.0.

ISLAMIC ECONOMIC PRINCIPLES AND PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES THOUGHT OF IMAM AL-GHAZALI FROM HIS BOOK “IHYA’ ULUM AL-DIN”

This article describes the relevance of Imam Al Ghazali's thoughts to the context of the current consumption needs of Islam. The presence of Islam with its beliefs and principles in it, this belief is built on the foundation of God with the consequences of the birth of the principles of Nubuwwah, Khuluqiyyah, Justice, Insaniah, Help and Cooperation. All of these principles in reality affect economic activity, both distribution, production and consumption. Imam AL Ghazali as one of the Islamic economic thinkers participated in providing related ideas about Production in Islam that presents Allah swt in every production activity. On the other hand, according to Imam AL Ghazali, the factors of production include land, labor, technology, production management, technology and raw materials. Furthermore, regarding the classification of production, namely a discussion of the types of production, namely 1) basic industry, textiles for clothing, construction for housing, and state activities, 2) supporting industries (steel industry development, and forest resources), 3) complementary activities related to milling and burning of agricultural products. Finally, regarding the stages of production, Al Ghazali acknowledged that there are stages of production that require division of labor, coordination and cooperation. Regarding its relevance to production activities according to Imam Al Ghazali's view. Many phenomena are related to Imam Al Ghazali's thinking, such as the increase in UMKMs which are factors supporting the success of economic activities including production activities, but some phenomena that are not in line with Imam Al Ghazali's thinking are producers who do not heed the values ​​of virtue and justice in their production activities.

The role of iron and nickel smelters for the Indonesian steel industries

The iron and steel industries play a crucial role in supporting national development. The high dependence on imported raw materials causes Indonesia to suffer US $ 2.11 billion steel trade deficit per year. This study identifies the role of iron and nickel smelters in supporting the development of steel industries. The methodology used is descriptive statistics and regression models. Ferronickel and nickel pig iron as the primary raw materials for stainless steel have been produced in Indonesia, but only 23.05% and 47.77% are sold domestically. According to the linear regression models, it is expected that steel production and consumption will grow. Indonesia will become an independent steel producer and even export it by 2050. However, the supply chain is weak and poorly integrated as the local raw materials do not meet the domestic steel industry’s specifications. By 2050, 44 million tonnes of scrap, 19 million tonnes of sponge iron, 16 million tonnes of nickel, and 10 million tonnes of other raw materials will be needed annually. Hence, to reduce the national steel trade deficit, Indonesia must increase the smelters capacity and optimize local iron resources by increasing Fe content to meet the specifications of the national steel industry.

Environmental impact assessment of a steel industry development plan using combined method involving Leopold matrix and RIAM.

The present study was conducted to determine positive and negative impacts of Sepid-Farab Kavir steel (SKS) complex development plan and to propose suitable managerial strategies by a combined method involving Leopold matrix and Rapid Impact Assessment matrix (RIAM). The SKS complex is located in Aran-Bidgol city, Isfahan, Iran. Two scenarios of project implementation and project cancellation were formulated for SKS complex development plan, which has two sub-phases: construction and operation Using Leopold and RIAM matrices, the direct and indirect impacts of the project on the study area was investigated. The impact analysis for project cancellation scenario showed that the obtained scores of construction and operation phases were -119 and -52, respectively. Also, for project implementation scenario, the obtained scores of construction and operation phases were + 302 and + 382, respectively. The number of positive impacts in the implementation and cancellation scenarios were 354 and 48, respectively, and the number of negative impacts in implementation and cancellation scenarios were 270 and 127, respectively. Also, comparison of positive and negative impacts frequency in the two scenarios, and in the two sub-phases, in RIAM indicated the project implementation will have positive impacts in social-cultural and economic-operational aspects compared to option of prevention, especially in operation phase. The results of environmental impact assessment of the mentioned project indicated the superiority of positive impacts over the negative ones.

Assessment of economic, energy and ecological efficiency of iron and steel production from orecoal briquettes in electric-furnace melting facility with application of hydrogen fuel

According to the Russia National cadastre, emissions of carbon dioxide in the steel industry in 2019 in the sector “Industrial emissions” accounted for near 50% of the whole volume of its emissions in the whole country’s industry. A perspective way to decrease emissions of greenhouse gases is application of hydrogen in technological processes of metallurgical stuff production. A brief characteristic of basic technologies of hydrogen production presented. Concept of hydrogen technology development in steel industry of Russia stated, basic directions of metallurgical subindustries restructing related to implementation of the new fuel – “brown” hydrogen presented. Possibilities of “brown” hydrogen obtaining as a secondary energy resource of metallurgical production considered. Results of calculation of economic, energy and ecological effectiveness of cast iron, steel and “brown” hydrogen production in electric-furnace melting facilities of new type presented. It was shown that replacement of scheme “blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace”, including production of sinter and coke, by electric-furnace melting production with obtaining hot metal and steel from ore-coal briquettes and application of “brown” hydrogen and recycling of carbon dioxide enables to exclude greenhouse gases emissions. Capital investment into the hydrogen project of 1.0 million t/year capacity with restructing production capacities will account for 9.5 billion Rubles (120.0 million euro), economical effect – 5.4 billion Rubles (70.0 million euro), period of capital investments payback – 1.8 year.

Prospects of steel industry development accounting ecological restrictions

Discussion of many years on consequences of man’s activity effect on environment at present moved to a practical aspect. New ecological and economical limits dictate a necessity to reduce the carbon intensity of metallurgical processes. It was noted that the technological couple “blast furnace – basic oxygen furnace” is a basic method of steel production, based on utilization of coke as a fuel and reducing component. Distribution of metallurgical capacities by types of fuel used shown, which confirms application of carbon-containing fuel-reducing additions in overwhelming majority of technological processes of iron production. Data on projects reducing carbon intensity of metallurgical industry presented, most of which aimed at changing the technology of BF process. Experience of steel industry of Japan on perfection machinery and technology of BF production considered, which enabled to reduce total consumption of reducing agents down to figure less down to 450 kg/t of hot metal, which is the best index among countries of the world. It was shown that increase of a blast furnace volume results in change of BF process technology. Such an increase also results in decrease of carbon consumption – blast furnaces of large volume have lower specific consumption of fuel and reducing agent. The specific coke rate in blast furnaces of large volume is by 71 kg/t of hot metal less comparing with blast furnaces having volume less 1000 m3, and the total fuel consumption in large blast furnaces is by 51 kg/t of hot metal lower. Accounting necessity to decrease the carbon footprint in steel products, basic ways of steel industry technologies development can be enlargement of facilities with shutdown of small and not effective capacities, changing sinter and BF charges structure with increase of more qualitative raw materials and pellets, application of alternative kinds of fuel and reducing additions.

Downstream beneficiation: A cross-country analysis of factors underlying the emergence of a steel industry

This paper empirically investigates the major factors that have supported the development of steel industries across countries. While technological capacity has become an important enabling factor for steel production in recent years, the demand for steel and the availability of energy (electricity and metallurgical coal imports) have remained key elements over time. In emerging and developing economies, the availability of raw materials, namely the production of iron ore, was also identified as an additional determining factor for steel production. In advanced economies, domestic demand for steel has been an important factor driving steel production. The results are robust to alternative specifications, additional control variables, and the use of various processes for steel production.

Iron and steel industry of Russia in the XXI century

The author states that over the past twenty years, the iron and steel industry of Russia has held its position as one of the key industries of the Russian economy. Technological upgrading of production facilities has minimized the backwardness, however the rapid steel production growth in Asia has resulted in loosing business in the global steel market, while getting more dependent on the market situation. This article deals with the main trends, problems and collisions of the steel industry development in the first two decades of this century. The structure of Russian steel export is reviewed. This work is based on statistical and comparative analysis, ratings and forecasts, as well as theoretical postulates of Douglas North about the close relationship of market economy processes with political and social institutions of the country. The purpose of the article is to show that the industry is facing impending stagnation under the economic sanctions, export dependency of the Russian steel industry and worldwide steel overproduction. The following may be taken as the scientific results of the study: systematization, generalization and author’s assessment of processes in the Russian steel industry and its development prospects, against the background of global trends in the industry.

CFD simulation of fluidized magnetic roasting coupled with random nucleation model

The fluidized magnetic roasting is recognized as the most effective treatment of low-grade/complex iron ores for the sustainable development of steel industry. For a deeper investigation of the technology, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of this gas-solid reaction process is conducted through combining the intrinsic chemical kinetics with random nucleation model, which shows a good agreement with the experimental data for considering the mixed-effect of mass transfer resistance and nucleation mechanism. Furthermore, in order to predicate the gas-solid noncatalytic reaction rate more accurately, the contribution of mass transfer within the bubble phase has been also taken account for the bubbling bed approach. It is demonstrated that the fluid dynamics, chemical kinetics and heterogeneous flow structure determine the fluidized roasting behavior simultaneously.

Research on the preparation of a new type steel slag ceramics with steel slag and coal ash

Along with our rapid development of steel industry, the output of steel slag was increasing these yesrs. But all kinds of industrial waste emissions increased rapidly too. Application of good solid wastes such as coal ash and mineral powder is under low utilization rate, a large number of accumulation is serious threat to the environment and other issues. Therefore, research on the preparation of a new type steel slag ceramics with steel slag and coal ash is important to improve the industrial solid waste resource utilization. In this paper, the new type of steel slag ceramics was prepared by industrial waste steel slag and industrial waste coal ash, and the new type of steel slag ceramics was prepared by appropriate sintering process system. Meanwhile, the performance indexes of ceramic bricks were tested to determine the influence of different factors on the performance of the new type of steel slag ceramics.

80 years in the service of metallurgical science

Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy (IFM) was created on December 9, 1939 to meet scientific challenges of domestic steel industry development. The concept of its creation was based on the idea of application of scientific developments of the Institute for modernization of metallurgical plants of the country. The scientific themes of the IFM covered the basic stages and most important items of ferrous metallurgy and was in demand by metallurgical plants. Apart from meeting the important practical challenges of increasing the defensibility and recovering the metallurgical potential, expanding the raw materials base, perfection of existing technological processes, fundamental studies were being accomplished, scientific schools were being created. Academicians Z.I. Nekrasos and V.I. Bol’shakov prepared remarkable pleiad of scientists – BF-men, academician A.P. Chekmarev created a unique school of rolling specialists, a corresponding member of the Academy of sciences of Ukraine S.N. Kozhevnikov created an outstanding school of theoretical engineering, a corresponding members of the Academy of sciences of Ukraine K.P. Bunin and Yu.N. Taran make the foundation of the theoretical engineering school. The creator of the rolled products thermal treatment from the roller heat technology academician K.F. Starodubov founded the scientific school of heat-treaters. Representatives of those scientific schools are still working today at the front positions of metallurgical science and production. Many studies and developments of the IFM found a wide application in the world steel industry. The scientists of IFM for first time in the world practice justified the advantages of large blast furnaces, elaborated the technology of BF smelting with application of progressive programs of burden charging, alternative sources of energy, in particular, pulverized-coal fuel, injection of natural gas and blast enriched by oxygen. A very effective process of desulphurization of hot metal by granulated magnesium outside the blast furnace was elaborated and mastered. In addition, resource-saving technological processes of deep refining of steel in ladle were elaborated, as well as the process of continuous rolling of welded in a butt joint billets at bar mills, energy-saving technology of thermal strengthening of rolled products by usage of rolling warming heat. The technologies were widely realized in the world and domestic steel industries. International cooperation takes an important place in the scientific activity of IFM, not only promoting further development of the research, but also facilitating the scientific and technical progress in metallurgy.

Roadmap of China steel industry in the past 70 years

ABSTRACTThe development of China’s steel industry has been phenomenal, and in 2018, China’s crude steel production reached 928.3 million tonnes and accounted for 51.3% share of global crude steel production. In the past 70 years, along with the country's growth and development, China steel industry has experienced a period of unstable development, rapid growth, reduction and optimization. The purposes of this article are to provide some historical background of the steel industry development in China. In this article, we will summarize the unstable development of China’s steel industry from 1949 to 1978. We will, then, describe stable development over the reform and opening-up period from 1978 to 1999 and rapid development in the boom period from 2000 to 2014. Finally, we will discuss how the steel industry copes with the new challenges in China’s move towards supply-side reform since 2015 and the future directions of the development of China’s steel industry.

РОЗВИТОК МЕТАЛУРГІЙНОЇ СМАРТ-ПРОМИСЛОВОСТІ: СВІТОВИЙ ДОСВІД ТА УРОКИ ДЛЯ УКРАЇНИ

The key directions of development of Ukraine’s steel industry on the smart basis are determined taking into account the world experience of steel smart production formation. The prerequisites and problems of the smart steel industry development in Ukraine are considered. It is determined that the process of working out and implementation of smart technologies in the industry is at the initial stage, despite its strategic nature for the national economy. The reasons are the general backlog of Ukraine and domestic steel industry in terms of innovation activity, significant volume of metal overproduction and critically low levels of domestic consumption of steel products, and the imperfection of regulatory framework of the industry activity. The features and consequences of smart solutions and technologies implementation in the steel industry of foreign countries are generalized. The main directions of emerging technologies use in the production, organizational, economic and social areas of steel enterprises are researched. It is revealed that, in comparison with the world analogs, only a part of smart technologies widely known in leading metal-producing countries are used in Ukraine’s steel industry. However, the main trends of the industry’s smartization are mostly similar, and they are in the digitalization of products and services, strengthening of customer focus of the business model, optimization of equipment operation and improvement of conditions and safety of work in real time. It is determined that the “bottleneck” of smart technologies implementation is the manufacturing sector due to the need for large investments to implement a fundamentally new innovative discoveries for improving the metallurgical process. The restraining factor is the social sphere because of the employees’ unwillingness to perceive a new digital culture and changes in the labor market.

Tendencies of Russia steel products export and import in 2017–2018

Russia is a big producer and exporter of ferrous metals. Countries of CIS, Europe, Middle East, North Africa and North America are the main markets of Russian ferrous metallurgy products sale. Main indices of Russian steel industry operation quoted. Tendencies in external trade by steel products considered. Dynamics of steel products export and import in 2017–2018 shown. Average prices of export and import operations quoted, as well as data on consumption, the structure of Russian steel products export and import presented by main regions and kinds of rolled products. It was shown, that the structure of the Russian steel products export remains the same within a series of years and is characterized by a high share of semi-products. In the first half of 2018 the steel rolled products export growth was about 4%. Intensive development of steel industry in many countries of the world, particularly in those being net importers of steel products, as well as sanctions against steel products of Russian origin from EC and USA countries will impact on the volume of steel products export from Russia. Internal consumption of steel rolled products has grown in Russia. The increased demand is satisfied by an increase of domestic production, some decrease of export and growth of import. To maintain the competiveness of Russian steel industry at both domestic and international markets it is necessary to continue the modernization of plants, to provide the domestic demand from the steel-consuming industries side.

Recycling as a Strategic Direction to Improve Efficiency of Steel Industry in the Russian Federation

The article discusses the issue of increasing the efficiency of the Russian steel industry taking into consideration the requirements of the concept of sustainable development. To solve this problem the author reviews the practices of metal scrap collection and recycling at the leading enterprises of the North America, Europe and the forecast of metal recycling development in the world economy up to the year 2050. This part of the survey shows that technologies of metal scrap and other types of industrial waste recycling could result in considerable economy of different types of resources. The great benefit of using metal scrap recycling technologies by the companies in the United States and the European Union is new jobs creation and improvement of environmental conditions. Taking into account the mentioned benefits of using recycling technologies in steel industry the author analyzes the forecast information and concludes that the further development of steel industry may lead to two times increase in metal scrap collection and recycling by the middle of the XXI century. Companies of the Chinese People Republic, countries members of NAFTA and Japan will prevail in the regional structure of metal scrap consumption. The article also states that the system of metal scrap collection and recycling in the Russian Federation will have to be recreated on the qualitatively new foundation. The most important distinctive feature of a new system still under creation from the former one is that before all the enterprises engaged into metal scrap collection had made part of a single concern and operated as a branch of steel industry. In this regard the Russian Federation faces the problem of re-creation of institutional foundation of metal scrap collection and recycling as well as creation of mechanisms to manage this industry efficiently. This in turn will require the development of legal, regulatory, organizational, economic and scientific support.

Microstructure and mechanical characteristics of hot forged lateritic steels

The current development of steel industry has constraints on the availability of raw materials, so we have developed local raw materials that are lateritic steels as a high potential for alternative manufacturing of steel. This research was conducted to understand the characteristics of lateritic steel through hot forging process by the mechanical and microstructure behaviour. The research methodology was chained by variety of preheating temperature of 800; 1000; 1200 °C and forging force from 0 until 1000 kilonewton. In case of hot forging values was obtained the impact and hardness properties also microstructure that compared with as-cast steels. The results of impact strength increased by 81.83% at the temperature of 1200 °C and the hardness increased by 4.99% at 1000 °C, for the microstructure analysis was produced the ferrite and pearlite phases with the fine grains. The chemical composition of steel is classified in low carbon steel included in lateritic steel it contains low alloy 1.78 Ni and 0.553 Cr %wt.

The Steel Industry: A Stimulus to National Development

The Steel Industry will continue to serve as stimulus to national development and economy boaster to industrial development of a country. The industry will serve as the backbone of industrialization of our great country, Nigeria if all the necessary parameters are put in place. The benefits of having a functional steel industry will translate to a functional country. It should also be noted that steel industry will contribute to all the facets of the economy, including the important role steel plays in economic development and growth. In this presentation, the paper will highlight on the multiplier effects in the development and sustenance of agriculture, health care and virtually every other sector of the economy. The role of steel in defence was also identified. Discussion and emphases were place on the efforts made in the development of Steel Industry in Nigeria with a view to discussing the potentials that could be accrued for operating the industry. The paper also seek the concept of Government through this process of advocacies by requesting the Nigerian Government to complete the steel industry like Ajaokuta Steel Company Limited located at Ajaokuta in Kogi State. It should be noted that the steel industry was conceptualized as far back as 1958, because of the vital and strategic role of the steel industry in the transformation and reformation of the economy. If Nigeria ever desires to drop the toga of “underdeveloped economy” for that of “industrialized economy” catalyst and economy boaster the industry must be completed and make operational. If the steel industry had been completed, commissioned and effectively operated thirty-four years ago as conceptualized in the vision of the initiators, Nigeria would have been a different country in terms of industrial and economic development today.