Steel In Sulfuric Acid Solution Research Articles

Synergistic corrosion inhibition of rubber seed extract with KI on cold rolled steel in sulfuric acid solution

BackgroundPlant-based inhibitor has emerged an important topic owing to the combing merits of eco-friendly, low cost, rich natural resources as well as easy preparation. Rubber seed is the agricultural waste, and is mainly composed of oil and fatty acids those contain many polar oxygen atoms, and so it can be extracted to prepare the potential corrosion inhibitor. MethodsRubber seed extract (RSE) is prepared using reflux extraction method with the extracting solvent of ethanol aqueous solution. The synergistic inhibition effect of RSE and potassium iodide (KI) on the corrosion of cold rolled steel (CRS) in 0.50 M H2SO4 solution is firstly studied by weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. CRS surface was thoroughly characterized using metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle measurements. FTIR, UV–vis and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) compositional analysis of RSE were used to analyze the efficient components in RSE. Significant findingsThe results indicate that individual RSE or KI cannot function as a successful inhibitor to prevent CRS corrosion, but the mixture of RSE/KI performs better at inhibiting, with a maximal inhibition efficacy of up to 96.4% of 200 mg L−1 RSE/100 mg L−1 KI. The synergistic coefficient of the mixture is larger than 1, indicating that a true synergism. RSE/KI can drastically retard both cathodic and anodic processes, and interfacial capacitance falls as the charge transfer resistance of CRS/solution rises. It exhibits remarkable inhibition properties when the capacitor arc grows. There is only a small corrosion response in the inhibited media, as evidenced by the variations in electrical conductivity and ultraviolet spectrum before and after immersion. The hydrophilicity and surface roughness of CRS surface is dropped as a result of the introduction of RSE/KI. A series of metallurgical microscopy, AFM, SEM or contact angle tests indicate a synergistic inhibition effect is more pronounced for RSE/KI. XPS results clearly demonstrate that elements including Fe, S, N, and I are bonded to the surface of CRS. The primary ingredients of oleic acid, polyphenols, phenylpropanoids can also produce a strong synergism with KI.

Protein-derived carbon dots as green corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in sulfuric acid solution

At present, the development of eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors (CIs) is considered an important and attractive method for controlling the corrosion of metals in acidic media. In this study, protein-derived carbon dots (P-CDs) were prepared via hydrothermal reaction using protein as the raw material, and the corrosion inhibition performances of P-CDs for carbon steel (CS) were investigated systematically. The electrochemical test results showed that the corrosion inhibition efficiency of 500 mg/L P-CDs on CS reached 95.1 % in 0.5 M H2SO4, and the corrosion inhibition efficiency was enhanced to 98.1 % after 8 h of immersion time. The composition and characterization of P-CDs was analysed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Ultraviolet Spectroscopy (UV), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization showed that the surface of CS with P-CDs was smoother than that without P-CDs, and that P-CDs was able to adsorb on the surface of CS to form a protective layer, thereby inhibiting corrosion. Adsorption studies indicate that P-CDs form a protective layer on the surface of CS through both physisorption and chemisorption. Overall, these findings demonstrate that P-CDs exhibit superior protective effects against the corrosion of CS in 0.5 M H2SO4.

Electrochemical, gravimetric, quantum chemical and computational investigations on an effective synthetic chlorinated cyclic imide derivative as a corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in sulfuric acid solution

Although many different human activities such as the oil and gas sector, mineral production, utilities, transportation, etc. depend on the utilization of steel and its alloys, they are highly susceptible to corrosion, especially in acidic media. Hence, processing entails substantial material expenditures due to metal losses. In this regard, the inhibitory characteristics of the synthetic heterocyclic derivative (3aR,7S,7aS)-4,5,6,7,8,8-hexachloro-1,3-dioxo-1,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-2H-4,7-methanoisoindol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide (MBSI) was studied against corrosion of C-steel in 0.5 M H2SO4 at 25-55 °C. The structure of the synthesized molecule was confirmed by FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and MS. Weight-loss, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, electrochemical frequency modulation measurements as well as theoretical analyses were employed in this investigation. The results showed that the investigated MBSI compound functions as an efficient inhibitor with a physical adsorption nature on the surface of carbon steel. MBSI concentration causes the inhibition efficiency to rise, reaching a maximum of 94% for the steel alloy corrosion at 37 × 10−6 M and 25°C. The synthesized compound was suggested to act as a mixed-type inhibitor. SEM surface analysis showed the construction of a protective layer at the carbon steel surface. DFT-based quantum chemical indices provided more insight into the inhibitory mechanism. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were also applied to predict the conformational adsorption change of the inhibitor on the iron surface. In addition, thermodynamic and kinetic parameters were calculated. The experimental results are largely consistent with the theoretical results.

Synthesis, characterization, and corrosion protection potential of a highly effective and water‐miscible surfactant for mild steel in sulfuric acid solution

AbstractIn the current study, a tetracationic quaternary ammonium salt (TCQAC) was synthesized and characterized and its ability to suppress corrosion on mild steel (MS) in a 0.5 M H2SO4 solution was examined. Various chemical, electrochemical, and surface characterization techniques were utilized to study the inhibition efficiency of TCQAC. The TCQAC manifests 99.83% efficiency at 20 ppm concentration. Out of all the examined isotherm models, the Langmuir isotherm offered the best fit for the TCQAC adsorption on the MS surface. A very high negative value of ΔGads (−45.18 kJ mol−1) suggests that the adsorption of TCQAC followed the chemisorption mechanism. Electrochemical studies indicate that TCQAC increases the linear and charge transfer resistances (LPR and Rct, respectively). TCQAC slows down the anodic and cathodic Tafel reactions; however, it acts as an anodic‐type inhibitor at 5, 10, and 20 ppm. The appearance of extra Cl and N signals in the energy dispersive x‐ray (EDX) spectrum and an improvement in surface smoothness in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the inhibited sample corroborated the adsorption method of corrosion inhibition. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) study indicates that TCQAC creates corrosion preventive layers by chemical adsorption. In Frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) were delocalized around the central part that comprises two benzyls, four allyls, and one hydrocarbon ((CH2)6) moieties and two quaternary nitrogen atoms. The outcomes of XPS and density functional theory (DFT) analyses indicate that the chemisorption of TCQAC occurs by dπ–pπ bonding with the surface iron atoms. The π‐electrons of aryl and allyl moieties extensively participate in the bonding.

Electrochemical and theoretical assessment of two heterocyclic Schiff bases as effective corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in sulfuric acid solution

This article aimed to synthesize and study the efficacy of two tryptophan Schiff base derivatives as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in 0.5 M H2SO4: (Z)− 3-(1 H-indol-3-yl)− 2-((4-nitro benzylidene)amino)propanoic acid (INB) and (Z)− 3-(1 H-indol-3-yl)− 2-((4-methoxybenzylidene)amino)propanoic acid (IMB). Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used in this investigation. The findings demonstrate that INB and IMB exhibit strong anticorrosive activity against the 0.5 M H2SO4 medium; the inhibition efficiency for 10−3 M of IMB inhibitor was 92%. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm demonstrates that both INB and IMB have strong adsorption on the metal substrate, with free energy ΔGads of − 36.8 kJ mol−1 and − 38.5 kJ mol−1, respectively. Using simulations based on density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics simulation (MDS), the molecular structure of INB and IMB and their influence on the inhibition mechanism was discussed. By using DFT/MDS computational research, a strong correlation between the theoretical and experimental results was found.

An exploratory assessment supported by experimental and modeling approaches for dinitrophenylhydrazine compound as a potent corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in sulfuric acid solution

Comprehensive electrochemical and theoretical investigations were conducted to assess the effectiveness of 2, 4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) as a corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel (CS) immersed in a 0.5 M H2SO4 solution. The results demonstrated significant corrosion inhibition efficiency of DNPH, reaching an impressive rate of 88 % at a concentration of 10−3 M. Polarization analysis revealed DNPH's role as a mixed-type inhibitor. Furthermore, the study elucidated that DNPH adsorption on the CS surface followed the Langmuir adsorption model, with a mechanism attributed to specific physical interactions. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations of both treated and untreated samples confirmed DNPH's efficacy in protecting carbon steel in a 0.5 M H2SO4 environment. Quantum chemical calculations using Density Functional Theory (DFT) parameters, in conjunction with molecular dynamics simulations, provided theoretical data strongly correlated with experimental results.

Thin 1,2,4-Triazole Films for the Inhibition of Carbon Steel Corrosion in Sulfuric Acid Solution

Etching of steel items in sulfuric acid solution is used in various human activities (oil and gas industry, metal production, utilities, transport, etc.). This operation is associated with significant material costs due to corrosion losses of the metal. It has been found that an efficient way to prevent corrosion of steel in sulfuric acid solution involves the formation of thin protective films consisting of corrosion inhibitor molecules of triazole class on its surface. It has been shown that the protection of steels with a 3-substituted 1,2,4-triazole (3ST) in H2SO4 solution is accompanied by the formation of a polymolecular layer up to 4 nm thick. The 3ST layer immediately adjacent to the steel surface is chemisorbed on it. The efficiency of this compound as an inhibitor of corrosion and hydrogen absorption by steel is determined by its ability to form a protective organic layer, as experimentally confirmed by XPS and AFM data. The kinetic constants of the main stages of hydrogen evolution and permeation into steel in the H2SO4 solution were determined. A significant decrease in both the reaction rate of cathodic hydrogen evolution and the rate of hydrogen permeation into steel by the triazole in question was noted. It has been shown that the preservation of the metal plasticity in the acid medium containing the triazole under study is due to a decrease in the hydrogen concentration in the metal bulk.

Mitigation effect of natural lettuce oil on the corrosion of mild steel in sulfuric acid solution: chemical, electrochemical, computational aspects

ABSTRACT The inhibition vigor of natural lettuce oil against corrosion of mild steel (MSt) 1.0 M H2SO4 solutions was investigated using chemical, electrochemical, and computational studies. The anti-corrosion efficacy (%AE) increases with the increase in the amount of doses of lettuce oil and reaches 95.83% from the galvanostatic polarization. The anti-corrosion process was demonstrated by the adsorption of lettuce oil onto the surface of MSt. The adsorption is spontaneous due to the negative signs of free energy of adsorption. The adsorption is subjected to Langmuir isotherm. Lettuce oil inhibits the pitting corrosion of MSt in chloride -containing solutions by transferring the pitting potential to the noble directions. Density functional theory (DFT) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations were performed on the four components of natural lettuce oil. The adsorption of the inhibitors on the Fe(110) in the solutions is in parallel form. The results obtained from DFT and MC simulations predicted that α-Lactucerol and Lactupicrin give the MC simulations were performed on the four components of natural lettuce oil. The adsorption of the inhibitors on the Fe(110) in the solutions is in parallel form. The results obtained from DFT and MC simulations predicted that α-Lactucerol and Lactupicrin give the highest %AE.

Opuntia Ficus Indica Extract as a Corrosion Inhibitor for 304 Stainless Steel in Sulfuric Acid Solution

Opuntia Ficus Indica Extract as a Corrosion Inhibitor for 304 Stainless Steel in Sulfuric Acid Solution

Thermodynamic and Adsorption Properties of Flavonoid Rutin from Cassava <i>(Manihot esculenta</i>) Leaves as a Corrosion Inhibitor on the Mild Steel in Sulfuric Acid Solution

Rutin flavonoid compounds have been isolated from cassava leaves and tested for their corrosion resistance against mild steel. Inhibition efficiency and adsorption properties were studied using the weight loss method at temperature variations of 303K, 313K, 323K and 333K and concentration variations of 0.1; 0.5; 1.0; 5.0; and 10 g/L. Potentiodynamic polarization was used to determine the inhibitor type of Cassava Leaf Routine (RCL). The results showed that RCL can reduce the corrosion rate and increase the corrosion inhibition efficiency of mild steel. The thermodynamic parameters have been calculated and the result is that the adsorption corrosion mechanism by physisorption takes place spontaneously with increasing temperature. Based on potentiodynamic polarization, the efficiency of corrosion inhibition by RCL with a concentration of 10 g//L on mild steel was 81.58%. RCL as a mixed corrosion inhibitor.

Temperature Effects on the Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in Sulfuric Acid Solution by Acacia senegal Gum with Halide Ions

The effects of temperature on the inhibitive effect of naturally occurring Acacia senegal gum exudate on the corrosion of mild steel in sulfuric acid was studied between 35 and 70 °C using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization methods. Findings showed that Acacia senegal gum exudate decreases the corrosion rate of mild steel. The inhibition efficiency declined with raising temperature above 35 °C. The increase in the corrosion rate with increasing temperature was observed for both uninhibited and inhibited systems. Addition of halide ions to the Acacia senegal gum exudate solution enhanced the corrosion inhibition efficiency because of synergistic effects, achieving higher performance with iodide ions as compared to bromide ions. However, the synergistic effects declined above 35 °C up to 70 °C due to temperature effects. It has been observed that increasing temperature adversely affected inhibition efficiencies of both Acacia senegal gum exudate and the synergy between Acacia senegal gum exudate and halide ions. Corrosion rates of mild steel, inhibition efficiencies of Acacia senegal gum exudate and the synergistic effects of halide ions from polarization and impedance measurements were consistent.
 Keywords: temperature, corrosion, mild steel, synergistic effects, Acacia senegal, gum exudate.

Corrosion inhibition, adsorption and thermodynamic properties of 2-aminopyridine derivatives on the corrosion of carbon steel in sulfuric acid solution

Corrosion inhibition, adsorption and thermodynamic properties of 2-aminopyridine derivatives on the corrosion of carbon steel in sulfuric acid solution

Synergistic effects of halide ions and Acacia senegal gum on the corrosion inhibition of mild steel in sulfuric acid solution

The synergistic effects of halide ions, Br– and I– and Acacia senegal gum exudates on the corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 0.5 M sulfuric acid solution has been investigated by potentiodynamic polarization measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. Results showed that Acacia senegal gum exudate moderately reduces the corrosion rate of mild steel. The inhibition efficiencies on mild steel electrodes increased with increase in gum exudate concentrations up to 300 ppm, corresponding to the inhibition efficiency of about 43% and its inhibition efficiency increased up to 81.6% with addition of halide ions due to synergistic effects. The enhancement effect of the halide ions was higher with iodide than with bromide ions. The synergism parameter, S1, evaluated was greater than unity, consistent with synergistic effect. The adsorption of Acacia senegal gum on the mild steel surface obeyed Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm. The results obtained, i.e., corrosion rates of mild steel, inhibition efficiencies of Acacia senegal gum exudates and the synergistic effects of Acacia senegal gum exudates and halides from polarization and impedance measurements were in good agreement.
 Keywords: corrosion, inhibition, mild steel, synergistic effect, Acacia senegal, gum exudate

Two Diamine Schiff Base as a Corrosion Inhibitors for Carbon Steel in Sulfuric Acid Solution: Electrochemical Assessment and Theoretical Calculation

Two Diamine Schiff Base as a Corrosion Inhibitors for Carbon Steel in Sulfuric Acid Solution: Electrochemical Assessment and Theoretical Calculation

1-Phenyl-1H-tetrazol as Corrosion Inhibitor for Pipeline Steel in Sulfuric Acid Solution

1-Phenyl-1H-tetrazol (PHT) has been studied as an efficient corrosion inhibitor for X65 steel in sulfuric acid corrosion environment. Atomic force microscope test results show that PHT can effectively inhibit the corrosion of X65 steel in 0.5 M sulfuric acid solution. Quantum chemical calculations and molecular dynamics simulations show that PHT has a small energy gap value and a large dipole moment value, which is an excellent corrosion inhibitor. In addition, the adsorption of PHT on the Fe(110) surface adopts parallel adsorption and a large binding energy value, which shows that PHT can effectively inhibit the corrosion of X65 steel. Potentiodynamic polarization test results show that as the PHT concentration increases, the value of the corrosion current density decreases significantly. When the PHT concentration is 1 mM, the corrosion inhibition efficiency can reach 92.1%. In addition, the adsorption of PHT on the surface of X65 steel conforms to Langmuir adsorption, and the adsorption process is spontaneous.

Investigation of 5-aminosalicylic acid (Mesalazine Drug) as a Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in Sulfuric Acid Solution

Investigation of 5-aminosalicylic acid (Mesalazine Drug) as a Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in Sulfuric Acid Solution

Inhibition Evaluation of Chromotrope Dyes for the Corrosion of Mild Steel in an Acidic Environment: Thermodynamic and Kinetic Aspects.

In this report, two chromotrope dyes, chromotropic acid (CA) and chromotrope 2R (CR), were explored as inhibitors against mild steel corrosion in 1.0 M sulfuric acid solutions at 303 K. Electrochemical, spectroscopic, chemical, and microscopic techniques, namely, potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, mass loss, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), have been employed to evaluate the inhibition efficiencies (%IEs) of the examined organic dyes. The %IEs were found to increase with the inhibitors’ concentrations, while they decreased with rising temperature. The outcomes of the PDP technique displayed that the examined inhibitors operated as mixed-type inhibitors with anodic prevalence. The impedance spectra described by Nyquist and Bode graphs in the corrosive environment and in the presence of various concentrations of the examined inhibitors showed single depressed capacitive loops and one-time constants. This behavior signified that the mild steel corrosion was managed by the charge transfer process. The SEM micrographs of the surfaces of mild steel samples after adding the examined inhibitors revealed a wide coverage of these compounds on the steel surfaces. Thus, the acquired high %IEs of the examined inhibitors were interpreted by strong adsorption of the organic molecules on the mild steel surface. This constructed a shielding layer separating the alloy surface from the corrosive medium, and such adsorption was found to follow the Langmuir isotherm. Furthermore, the evaluated thermodynamic and kinetic parameters supported that the nature of such adsorption was mainly physical. Results obtained from all employed techniques were consistent with each other and revealed that the %IE of the CR inhibitor was slightly higher than that of CA under similar circumstances. Finally, the mechanisms of both corrosion of mild steel in sulfuric acid solutions and its inhibition by the tested organic dyes were also discussed.

The inhibition effect of eco-friendly sodium dodecyl sulfate on the corrosion behavior of SUS304L, SUS304H, and SUS316H stainless steels in sulfuric acid solution

The inhibition effect of eco-friendly sodium dodecyl sulfate on the corrosion behavior of SUS304L, SUS304H, and SUS316H stainless steels in sulfuric acid solution

Corrosion Behavior of C4 Coating Produced by Cladding Laser in Sulfuric Acid

C4 coating was prepared by high power multilayer laser cladding. Corrosion behavior of the C4 coating and 316 stainless steel in sulfuric acid solution was investigated. The corrosion rate was measured by using the mass loss method. Obvious corrosion morphology and serious exfoliation corrosion of 316 stainless steel are noticed in sulfuric acid solution. While C4 coating after corrosion test shows nearly unchanged surface morphology. The results show that corrosion resistance of C4 coatings is higher than 316 stainless steel. The corrosion morphology was observed by SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope), and the elements distribution of corrosion products was analyzed by EDS(Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy).The results show that the S element content increased with the extension of corrosion time, while the Cr content decreased. For the 316 stainless steel, with the extension of corrosion time, the content of C increased. The sulfur-containing corrosion products on the surface are all dissolved in the acid solution. The contents of Cr and Ni decreased, and their passivation ability was weakened. The results indicate that C4 coating exhibits better corrosion resistance in sulfuric acid solution due to the stable formation of dense oxide film on the surface.

Investigation of three synthesized propane bis-oxoindoline derivatives as inhibitors for the corrosion of mild steel in sulfuric acid solutions

The inhibition impacts of three synthesized propane bis-oxoindoline derivatives on the mild steel corrosion behavior in 1.0 M solution of sulfuric acid was explored using weight loss (WL), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), as well as the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The outcomes of WL measurements displayed that the inhibition efficiencies of the tested propane bis-oxoindoline derivatives enhanced with their concentrations and reduced with rising temperature. The maximum inhibition efficiency was set to be 93 % at 288 K. PDP study revealed that the synthesizedorganic compounds act as mixed-type inhibitors with a predominant anodic type. The synergistic inhibition impact amongst the examined inhibitors and certain divalent transition metal ions followed the order: Zn2+> Co2+> Cd2+. It has been found that adsorption of bis-oxoindoline inhibitors on the steel surface are compatible with Langmuir adsorption coefficient, and the calculated thermodynamic parameters supported the physical nature of the adsorption process. The assessed activation energy for mild steel dissolution in H2SO4 was noticed to rise from 6.32 kJ mol−1 in the uninhibited medium to (24.53 – 32.59) kJ mol−1 in the presence of a 500 ppm of the examined organic compoundsconfirming strong adsorption of the inhibitor molecules, thus reducing the corrosion rates. The mechanism of corrosion of mild steel in H2SO4solution and its inhibition in the existence of the synthesized organic inhibitors were discussed. The acquired outcomes from all employed techniques were in a good accordance.