Steatocystoma Multiplex Research Articles

Steatocystoma Multiplex Suppurativa Treated Successfully with Adalimumab and Topical Tofacitinib

Steatocystoma multiplex (SM) is a rare chronic dermatologic condition which may cause significant distress and negatively impact quality of life. Currently, there is no consensus for treatment. When inflammatory, it is called steatocystoma multiplex suppurativa, an even more rare condition that has shown reported success with anti-TNF-alpha therapy. We describe a patient case wherein adalimumab prescribed for autoimmune arthritis resulted in SMS remission, further supported with evidence of sustained remission with topical tofacitinib. This patient case supports other evidence showing adalimumab as a treatment option for SMS and highlights the potential of tofacitinib as a novel treatment.

Steatocystoma Multiplex: “Keep me in your Differentials”

Steatocystoma multiplex (SM) is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder, seen in adolescence and characterized by hamartomatous malformation of the pilosebaceous units. However, sporadic occurrence has been reported in literature. Histopathologic features are characteristic and should be known to the pathologist, to differentiate from other common causes of skin nodules. We report a case of sporadic SM and highlight the characteristic histopathologic features required for diagnosis.

Steatocystoma multiplex suppurativa: a case report

Introduction: Steatocystoma multiplex (SM) suppurativa is an inflammatory variant of SM, a benign hamartomatous disorder of pilosebaceous unit that usually occurs in early adulthood. Treatment responses are often disappointing due to widespread lesions and late diagnosis. This case report aimed to describe a male diagnosed with SM suppurativa to increase the knowledge and management of SM suppurativa. Case: A 23-year-old male came with multiple lumps on his neck, chest, back, and extremities over the last four years. On dermatological examination, yellow to skin-colored papules, nodules, and cysts, 0.3 to 2 cm in diameter, were observed with erythematous-to-hyperpigmented macules and scars over the lesions. Histopathological examination of the lesion showed cysts with pilosebaceous-like lining and sebaceous glands adhered to the cyst’s wall. The patient diagnosed with steatocystoma multiplex SM suppurativa was treated only with a topical antibiotic and corticosteroid. Discussions: Although the histopathological findings showed pathognomonic findings for SM, SM suppurativa was established as the working diagnosis based on the clinical and dermoscopic findings of inflammatory lesions. The biopsy of noninflammatory lesions might cause no sign of inflammation in the histopathological findings. Conclusions: Dermoscopic findings showed a yellow structureless area with diffuse erythematous borders and histopathological findings of a pilosebaceous-like layer with sebaceous glands adhering to the cyst wall and chronic inflammation is the hallmark of SM suppurativa.

A clinico-histopathological study of skin appendageal tumours in a tertiary health care centre in western Odisha– A case series

Skin appendageal tumours (SATs) are those neoplasms that arise from pilosebaceous, apocrine, or eccrine sweat glands. These are a diverse group of tumours with both benign and malignant counterparts. They can be single, multiple, or have a syndromic association with internal malignancies. Benign adnexal tumours are more common, while malignant adnexal tumours are rare, usually locally aggressive, and have the potential for nodal involvement and distant metastasis with a poor clinical outcome. Therefore, proper diagnosis of SATs is important for therapeutic and prognostic reasons.This study aims to determine the clinico-histopathological correlation in cases of SATs in our hospital. It is a case series conducted over a one-and-a-half year period from January 2021 to July 2022. All clinically suspected cases of SATs were examined, biopsied, and subjected to histopathological examination. Histopathologically confirmed cases of SATs were finally analysed. Among twenty-four thousand two hundred twenty-four new patients attending OPD, 30 suspected cases of ATs underwent histopathological examination. Histopathology was confirmatory in only 12 cases (40%). 10 cases were benign, and two were malignant. Out of 10 benign cases, hidradenoma was noted in 3 (25%), trichoepithelioma in 2 (16%), proliferating pilar tumour, apocrine hidrocystoma, steatocystoma multiplex, hidradenoma papilliferum, and pilomatrixoma were seen in one each. Females (75%) outnumbered males (25%) in our study population.: SATs are infrequent and are not frequently observed in the field of surgical pathology. Histopathology is the gold standard for diagnosis.

Sebaceous gland diseases: clinical picture risk factors and treatment

Sebaceous glands are present in almost every part of the skin or body except the palms and soles, and the primary function of these glands involves the generation of sebum. However, numerous diseases, both benign and malignant, have been linked to abnormal sebaceous gland activity. Sebaceous gland disorders are a class of widespread dermatological conditions with numerous aetiologies. Diseases in which the primary involvement is associated with sebaceous glands comprise conditions such as steatocystoma, sebaceous gland hyperplasia, sebaceoma, sebaceous adenoma, nevus sebaceous, and sebaceous carcinoma. Additionally, sebaceous glands play a secondary role in androgenic alopecia, acne vulgaris, and seborrheic dermatitis. Steatocystoma simplex or multiplex is a non-cancerous growth that arises either sporadically or through inheritance in an autosomal dominant manner, originating from mutations in the keratin 17 gene. Sebaceous gland hyperplasia refers to the non-malignant enlargement of sebaceous lobules, which presents as papules exhibiting a yellowish color and telangiectatic features. Common treatment methods for sebaceous gland hyperplasia include the application of topical retinoids, the administration of oral isotretinoin, and the surgical removal of the affected lesions. Nevus sebaceus also referred to as a nevus of Jadassohn or organoid nevus, represents a congenital skin hamartoma originating from mosaic mutations. While acne vulgaris is a highly prevalent and complex disorder influenced by various factors, one of which is the increased production of sebum. Acne can be managed using approaches like topical or systemic antibiotics, hormonal therapies, cautery-based lesion removal, and phototherapy techniques such as laser treatment. The purpose of this research is to review the sebaceous gland diseases: clinical picture, risk factors, and treatment.

Steatocystoma multiplex of the scrotum. Clinical case

Steatocystoma multiplex is a disorder of the pilosebaceous unit characterized by multiple sebum-containing dermal cysts. We report the case of a 64-year-old male presented with multiple skin-colored, partially hyperemic cystic located in the scrotum area. They were accompanied by an active inflammatory process in the form of pain, swelling, hyperemia. The lesion was present for about 1 month. Previously, this patient had diagnosed with multiple steatocystoma located in the hip area and received surgical treatment.At present, such reports in the scientific databases are presented sporadically, therefore we report on multiple steatocystoma of the scrotal localization due to its rarity.

STEATOCYSTOMA MULTIPLEX IN AN ADOLESCENT BOY: A CASE REPORT

Steatocystoma multiplex (SM) is a rare genodermatosis transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait caused most often by a mutation in the gene coding for keratin 17. There are some sporadic cases described in the literature. The disease commonly manifests as numerous intradermal cysts caused by hamartomatous malformations of the pilosebaceous duct junction. The cysts can be located in any skin region, mainly on the chest. The disease is usually benign and asymptomatic, but it can be exceptionally disfiguring, which is the main reason for a medical visit. Pachyonychia congenita type-2 and the eruptive vellus hair cyst are closely related to SM; therefore, histopathological confirmation is necessary before starting any treatment. Here, we present a case of a widespread SM in an adolescent boy, focusing on its clinical and histopathological characteristics.

Steatocystoma Multiplex pada Vulva Dengan Prosedur Elektrokauterisasi: Laporan Kasus

Steatocystoma multiplex is a type of skin disorder in the form of asymptomatic intradermal cysts content of sebum. We report a 36-year-old female patient who came to the hospital with complaints of white, boil-like rashes on the vaginal lips and back appeared 1 year ago. The patient reported a history of the same complaint experienced by the patient's father, namely the appearance of white spots resembling boils in the back area. The results of the dermatological status examination showed that the lesions were regionally distributed ad regio labia majora and posterior thoracic inthe form of multiple discrete lesions, round in shape, measuring 0.1 cm x 0.1 cm x 0.5 cm to 0.2 cm x 0.2 mm. x 0.5 cm, well-defined, raised and dry lesions, and white papules. Based on history and physical examination, the patient was diagnosed with steatocystoma multiplex. We reported a rare case of steatocystoma multiplex at the vulva. Previous case management reports are one of the considerations for cauterization. The patient was given post-cautery therapy in the form of antibiotics levofloxacin 1 x 500 mg for 5 days and mefenamic acid 3 x 500 mg as painkillers

Patient Characteristics, Locations and Histopathological Features of Steatocystoma Multiplex Cases

Steatocystoma multiplex (SM) is a rare benign genetic disorder consisted of multiple cystic with little or no nail and hair involvement. Steatocystoma is a hamartomatous malformation of the pilosebaceous unit consisting of dermal cysts filled with a sebum-like material. To examine the patient characteristics, locations, presentations and histopathological features of SM in a group of patients. We analyzed 9 patients retrospectively that histopathologically diagnosed as SM. Demographic data collected from pathology reports. Patients’ mean age was 43.7 years (range: 15-69 years), with a male to female ratio of 7:2. The average diameter of the lesion at presentation was 13.2 mm (range: 2–30 mm), although 4 cases were less than or equal to 5 mm in size. The lesions located in neck, conjuctiva, face and frontal region. The most common clinical presentation was a painless skin lesion which was noticed incidentally. Histopathological examination of skin showed presence of cystic formation with sebaceous gland on its wall in the dermis and typical stratified squamous epithelium that showed wavy shaped stratum corneum, refractile and strong eosinophilic infiltrated in the cystic wall. SMs are benign lesions more frequent in male patients and especially located in head and neck region. These lesions may be misdiagnosed or underreported.

A novel mutation in Keratin 10 passed down in a family with familial steatocystoma multiplex

A novel mutation in Keratin 10 passed down in a family with familial steatocystoma multiplex

Coexistence of Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Steatocystoma Multiplex: Is It a New Variant of Hidradenitis Suppurativa?

Hidradenitis suppurativa and steatocystoma multiplex may coexist in the same patient. The overlap of these 2 conditions could be suggestive of an unrecognized defect in follicular proliferation mutual in the pathogenesis of both conditions. Here we present 5 patients with both hidradenitis suppurativa and steatocystoma multiplex. Recognizing the overlap between these 2 conditions is important for accurate diagnosis, management, and identification of potential surgical candidates, as well as future basic science research.

Familial neurofibromatosis type 1 has diverse manifestations in skin and is associated with steatocystoma multiplex

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An updated review of the sebaceous gland and its role in health and diseases Part 2: Pathophysiological clinical disorders of sebaceous glands.

Sebaceous glands are sebum-secreting components of pilosebaceous units. In the second of this two-part series, we review the pathologies in which sebaceous glands are primarily and secondarily implicated. They are primarily involved in steatocystoma simplex and multiplex, sebaceous gland hyperplasia, sebaceoma, sebaceous adenoma, sebaceous carcinoma, nevus sebaceus, and folliculosebaceous cystic hamartoma. Sebaceous glands are secondarily involved in acne vulgaris, seborrheic dermatitis, and androgenic alopecia. Steatocystoma multiplex is a benign congenital anomaly presenting as yellow cysts primarily on the upper body. Sebaceous gland hyperplasia is characterized by yellow, telangiectatic papules with a central dell, and it can be treated with topical retinoids or surgical excision. Sebaceoma clinically presents on the head and neck region as a skin-colored nodule and can be distinguished by immunohistochemistry. Stains used in the diagnosis of sebaceous adenoma and carcinoma include epithelial membrane antigen and adipophilin immunoperoxidase. Surgical excision is the preferred treatment for sebaceoma, sebaceous adenoma, and sebaceous carcinoma. Excision is not always indicated for nevus sebaceus. Folliculosebaceous cystic hamartoma is a relatively rare condition exhibiting both epithelial and mesenchymal components. Patients with acne vulgaris commonly present with papules of closed and open comedones displaying hypercornification. Seborrheic dermatitis presents as sharply demarcated yellow or red patches or plaques; antifungal agents, corticosteroids, and combination antifungal/anti-inflammatory therapies are common treatment modalities. As a result of hair follicle miniaturization, females with androgenic alopecia present with diffuse hair thinning, while men tend to present with balding and hairline recession.

Imaging features of steatocystoma multiplex- back to basics.

Imaging features of steatocystoma multiplex- back to basics.

An updated review of the sebaceous gland and its role in health and diseases Part 1: Embryology, evolution, structure, and function of sebaceous glands.

Sebaceous glands are sebum-secreting components of pilosebaceous units. The embryological development of the sebaceous gland follows that of the hair follicle and epidermal tissue, beginning between weeks 13 and 16 of fetal development. New sebaceous glands do not normally develop following birth, but their size increases with age. Sebocytes express a multitude of hormone receptors and are heavily regulated to secrete sebum by androgens. There is a large increase of sebum excretion at birth and again at puberty, until approximately age 17. In adulthood, sebum production remains stable and declines to zero in postmenopausal women and in men aged 60-70. Besides the production and release of sebum, sebaceous glands function to lubricate the skin and hair, provide thermoregulation, and exhibit antimicrobial activity. Research has shown sebaceous glands to possess the cellular capability to transcribe genes necessary for androgen metabolism. Dysfunction of the sebaceous gland can be seen primarily in steatocystoma simplex and multiplex, sebaceous gland hyperplasia, sebaceoma, sebaceous adenoma, sebaceous carcinoma, nevus sebaceus, and folliculosebaceous cystic hamartoma. Sebaceous glands are secondarily involved in acne vulgaris, seborrheic dermatitis, and androgenic alopecia.

A simple modified surgical technique combined with tissue adhesive for steatocystoma multiplex.

Steatocystoma multiplex (SM) is a disorder of the pilosebaceous unit characterized by multiple sebum-containing dermal cysts. Psychological distress of patients is always derived from these undesirable lesions. Although various treatments have been attempted to improve cosmetic outcomes, no optimal treatment strategy has been established to date.. To provide a facile and practical surgical technique combined with tissue adhesive for the treatment of steatocystoma multiplex. Forty patients diagnosed as SM were treated with simple modified surgical technique. After local anesthesia, the surface skin was incised about 1-2mm using a No. 11 blade. When the wall was punctured, the cyst should be squeezed to cause the contents to come out first. Then, we used single toothed forceps which were inserted through the narrow incision. When the cyst was exposed, the mosquito forceps grasp the portion of the cyst and pull it out gently. Then, the incisions were pressed locally, and tissue adhesive was employed to align them when there was no bleeding. We just took approximately 1-2minutes to excise one cyst completely. We successfully treated forty SM patients with our simple modified surgical technique. After treatment, excellent clinical outcomes and minimal adverse effects were observed in this study. And more importantly, no recurrence was found 12months after the surgery. Our simple modified surgical technique was proved to be practical and have excellent results in the long run. We highly recommend this treatment technique as the first-line therapy for SM.

Eruptive vellus hair cyst: Unveiling the diagnostic features

Eruptive vellus hair cyst (EVHC) is a rare developmental abnormality of the vellus hair follicles presenting in children and adolescents as multiple, asymptomatic papules over the chest, axillae, and buttocks. Clinically, it can easily be misdiagnosed as comedonal acne, keratosis pilaris, steatocystoma multiplex, syringomas, milia, lichen nitidus, perforating folliculitis, and molluscum contagiosum. Here, we report a 4-year-old girl who was being treated as a case of steroid-induced folliculitis and was later diagnosed with EVHC based on dermoscopic features and confirmed by histopathological examination. Dermoscopy of EVHC shows the presence of homogenous blue areas, round or oval yellowish structures, with occasional erythematous halos and cystic openings in the epidermis. We report this case to emphasize the role of dermoscopy in early diagnosis of eruptive vellus hair cyst which is a rare condition and can be missed easily. Dermoscopy, being a non-invasive and painless diagnostic tool, can prove to be a useful, particularly in children for differentiating EVHC from its mimickers, thus avoiding the need for biopsy.

A case of late onset steatocystoma multiplex.

ENWEndNote BIBJabRef, Mendeley RISPapers, Reference Manager, RefWorks, Zotero AMA Jiang M, Zhang M, Gu H, Chen X. A case of late onset steatocystoma multiplex. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii. 2020;37(1):117-118. doi:10.5114/ada.2018.78999. APA Jiang, M., Zhang, M., Gu, H., & Chen, X. (2020). A case of late onset steatocystoma multiplex. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii, 37(1), 117-118. https://doi.org/10.5114/ada.2018.78999 Chicago Jiang, Meng, Mengli Zhang, Heng Gu, and Xu Chen. 2020. "A case of late onset steatocystoma multiplex". Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii 37 (1): 117-118. doi:10.5114/ada.2018.78999. Harvard Jiang, M., Zhang, M., Gu, H., and Chen, X. (2020). A case of late onset steatocystoma multiplex. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii, 37(1), pp.117-118. https://doi.org/10.5114/ada.2018.78999 MLA Jiang, Meng et al. "A case of late onset steatocystoma multiplex." Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii, vol. 37, no. 1, 2020, pp. 117-118. doi:10.5114/ada.2018.78999. Vancouver Jiang M, Zhang M, Gu H, Chen X. A case of late onset steatocystoma multiplex. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii. 2020;37(1):117-118. doi:10.5114/ada.2018.78999.

The rationale of ideal pulse duration and pulse interval in the treatment of steatocystoma multiplex using the carbon dioxide laser in a super-pulse mode as opposed to the ultra-pulse mode

The rationale of ideal pulse duration and pulse interval in the treatment of steatocystoma multiplex using the carbon dioxide laser in a super-pulse mode as opposed to the ultra-pulse mode

Minimally Invasive Surgery and the Use of Foreign Body Forceps to Reduce Steatocystoma Multiplex Scars

Minimally Invasive Surgery and the Use of Foreign Body Forceps to Reduce Steatocystoma Multiplex Scars