Steady Job Research Articles

Is steady job important? The Study of the Relationship among Teacher Calling, Learning Burnout and Career Hope of Pre-service teacher —A study of one University of Arts

<p>本研究旨在探討師資生教職召喚、學習倦怠與生涯希望感之關係，並以北部某藝術大學學生為研究對象，欲了解不同年級之差異情形。研究方法以問卷調查法，回收問卷共278份。研究工具共計四個部分，包含「個人基本資料表」、「教職召喚量表」、「學習倦怠量表」與「生涯希望感量表」。所得資料以描述性統計、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關以及多元逐步回歸進行分析。研究結果發現藝術大學師資生不同年級在教職召喚、學習倦怠與生涯希望感無顯著差異；除教職召喚之「利己主義」與學習倦怠無相關，其餘變項皆達顯著相關水準；藝術大學師資生教職召喚可正向預測生涯希望感；而學習倦怠中除身心耗竭外，皆對生涯希望感有負向預測。最後，根據上述量化研究結果進行討論，並針對藝術大學之師資生、相關處室提出建議，作為後續參考。</p> <p> </p><p>This study aims to study the relationship between teacher calling, learning burnout and career hope among students from the art university of northern Taiwan of Grades. The research method was questionnaire survey and 278 participants participated in this research. The research tools included: "Basic Personal Information ", "Teacher Calling Scale", "Learning Burnout Scale" and "Career Hope Scale". The obtained data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, One-way ANOVA, Pearson Correlation, and Multiple regression analysis. The research results are as follows: There were no significant differences in teacher calling, learning burnout, and career hope among art university pre-service teachers of grades.Except for "Egoism" of teacher calling and learning burnout, all the variables have reached significant correlation levels; teacher calling had significant positive effect on career hope; Except for "Emotional and physical exhaustion", learning burnout had significant negative effect on career hope.</p> <p> </p>

Effects of HIV Self-Testing on Testing Promotion and Risk Behavior Reduction Among Transgender Women in China: Randomized Controlled Trial.

To date, no randomized controlled trials have specifically addressed behavior changes after HIV self-testing (HIVST) among transgender women. This study aims to evaluate the effects of HIVST on changes in HIV testing behavior, frequency of condomless sex, and partner numbers among transgender women in China. Participants were recruited from 2 Chinese cities using both online and offline methods. Transgender women were randomly assigned to receive an HIVST intervention. Data from the previous 3 months were collected at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. The primary outcome was the mean change in the number of HIV tests among transgender women during the 6-month follow-up. An intention-to-treat analysis was conducted. The statistical analysis used analysis of covariance and linear mixed-effects models. From February to June 2021, and 255 transgender women were recruited, of which only 36.5% (93/255) had a steady job, and 27.1% (69/255) earned less than US $414.9 of income per month. They were randomly assigned to the intervention (n=127) and control (n=128) groups. At 6 months, the mean number of HIV tests was 2.14 (95% CI 1.80-2.48) in the intervention group and 1.19 (95% CI 0.99-1.40) in the control group (P<.001), with increases of 0.84 (95% CI 0.54-1.14) and 0.11 (95% CI -0.19-0.41) over 6 months, respectively. The net increase was 0.73 (95% CI 0.31-1.15; P<.001), with a similar adjusted result. No significant differences in the frequency of condomless sex or partner numbers were observed between the 2 groups. HIVST is an effective strategy for enhancing regular HIV testing behavior among transgender women in China. This strategy should be combined with measures to address the financial vulnerability of the transgender women community to reduce subsequent risk behaviors, including condomless sex. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2000039766; https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=61402.

Surgical training; destination unknown?

Background A surgical fellowship allows both additional training as well as maintenance of surgical skills while searching for a steady job. As the presence of fellows usually does not results in a measurably higher productivity, fellowshipsmay be considered a form of disguised unemployment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the career flow of a surgical trainee to a staff position and to determine the number of surgeons working on temporary basis within the general surgery workforce in Flanders. Methods All surgeons graduated in Flanders between 2000 and 2022 were invited to fill out a web-based survey concerning their current and past employment. Reminders were sent out after 2 and 4 weeks. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 27.0 (IBM Inc., Chicago, IL, USA.) Results Response rate was 64% (292/457) with 76% of respondents currently working as surgeons, 14% (38) as fellows and 10% working outside the surgical domain. Eighty-two percent of current fellows graduated in 2019 or later. Thirty-one percent of surgeons graduated in 2019 are still working as fellows. For surgeons graduated in 2020, 2021 and 2022 this is 45%, 80% and 90% respectively. Compared to staff surgeons the number of additional training years (2,8 ± 1,0 vs 2,2 ± 1,3; p = 0,009). and the number of applications (6,6 ± 5 vs 3,3 ± 3; p < 0,001) is significantly higher for current fellows Conclusion This study shows that disguised unemployment is present in the general surgical community in Flanders. The status of “fellow” should be incorporated in calculations concerning future needs of the surgical workforce in order to prevent open unemployment.

MOTIVATION OF CROATIAN HEALTH WORKERS TO GO ABROAD

Introduction: Prior to Croatia's accession to the European Union, nurses could be employed in Germany under an agreement between the German Federal Agency and the Croatian Employment Service. Following Croatia's accession to the European Union in 2015, thelabor market has become more accessible and open. Objective: Explore the motivation of Croatian health workers to go abroad.Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. The study was conducted using a survey consisting of 29 questions and involving a total of 102 respondents, and three interviews were conducted for research purposes. Results: The participants attend retraining to ensure a better future for their children abroad (38.1 %), to find a good, steady and better paid job (23.5 %) and to obtain a dignified pension (63.7 %). As the main reason for emigration, respondents cite corruption and injustice (65.7 %), non-arrangement of the state (59.8 %), while seeing the biggest problem in leaving the family (20.6 %). At the end of 2019 Croatia was abandoned by 1,438 nurses, mainly due to poor working conditions and dissatisfaction with the material conditions of work in Croatia. This trend included other health professionals. Conclusion: The main factor for the emigration of health professionals is the political organization of the state, which is manifested by corruption and injustice, clientelism, political affiliation, and replaces man's knowledge, ability, skill, value and dignity. Keywords: motivation, departure, health professionals, abroad

Istri Sebagai Penanggung Jawab Nafkah Keluarga: Kajian Sosiologi Hukum di Tengah Masyarakat Muslim Desa Sikayu Kecamatan Comal Kabupaten Pemalang

In principle, a husband has an obligation to provide for his wife as stated in the Quran and Marriage Law. However, the reality in Sikayu Village is that wives are the ones who provide for the family. This article aims to explain the phenomenon of wives as the breadwinners of the family and attempts to analyze the reasons and implications of this behavior. This study used a juridical-sociological method through the Islamic family law approach. The data used were primary and secondary data, where the primary data were obtained directly from the Muslim community in Sikayu Village, while the secondary data were library materials (primary and secondary sources). The research subjects focused on Muslim women who are the main breadwinners in their families. The techniques used to collect data were interviews, documentation, and observation. The research findings showed that cases of wives as breadwinners are very common in Sikayu Village, and in some cases, wives replace their husbands as the leader of the family. Some of the reasons for this are to alleviate family needs, economic needs, husbands without a steady job, dominant environmental factors, many family burdens, filling leisure time, and women's willingness to work. These reasons are driven by two major factors: internal and external factors. The implications are only positive because in reality, it does not create conflict within the family. On the contrary, families in the Muslim community in Sikayu Village are categorized as harmonious families.

Od rada iz nade do nade za novinarstvo

Journalism has always been characterised by unpredictability, freelancing and precarious employment, while it is little-known what exactly happens with precarious employment in journalism over time. To fill this research gap, this study set out to explore the career paths and structural context of precarious millennial journalists in Slovenia. In-depth interviews with stakeholders from media organisations were analysed in order to gain insight into the structural conditions of Slovenian journalism. With the aim of understanding what is going on with regard to the journalists’ career transitions, the authors conducted a longitudinal study of their careers and in-depth interviews with precarious journalists in 2017, and then again in 2021. The results have shown that the widespread professional image of journalists as watchdogs drew young people into the profession and reinforced hope labour. The journalists were motivated and willing to work overtime, thinking that a steady job was just around the corner. After years of hope labour, the structural conditions of journalism had deteriorated and the journalists realised that hope labour would not lead to a permanent contract at a media organisation. At that point, one group switched careers and took on public relations jobs, although they still considered themselves journalists and cherished the ideals of journalism from afar. The second group readjusted their lifestyle and economic interests for the sake of keeping a career in journalism, albeit outside of the legacy media structures and in precarious working conditions. The latter group has demonstrated that precarious and underpaid, yet very motivated journalists uphold journalism ideals.

PROBLEMATICS OF SETTLEMENT OF INHERITANCE RIGHTS OF DAUGHTER WITH SIBLINGS IN THE MAHKAMAH SYAR’IYAH BANDA ACEH AND ACEH

This research discusses the Polarization of Judges' Decisions in the Settlement of Sibling Inheritance Rights (Case Study of Decision Number: 193/Pdt.G/2020/MS.Bna AND 21/Pdt.G/2021/MS.Aceh). The formulation of the problem studied is: 1. Why is there a disparity in the judge's decision regarding the position of relatives as heirs in an inheritance dispute at the Religious Court in decision number: 193/Pdt.G/2020/MS.Bna vs. 21/Pdt.G/2021/ MS. Aceh? 2. Has the judge's decision in resolving the dispute over the determination of heirs protected the rights of heirs in accordance with faraidh? This research is normative and practical juridical research, namely library research supported by results in the field in the form of interviews with related functional officials of the Banda Aceh Syar'iyah Court and Aceh Syar'iyah Court. This study concludes that: 1. The disparity in the decisions of the Banda Aceh Syar'iyah Court and the Aceh Syar'iyah Court occurred due to an understanding of the Jumhur Ulama's opinion which stated that a daughter cannot be hindered by a daughter in receiving an inheritance. Jumhur Ulama's definition of "kalalah" is the death of someone who does not have a father or son. This is in line with jurisprudence and the opinion of Ibn 'Abbas, which stipulates that girls can wear the hijab to inherit, but girls cannot wear the hijab inherited from their brothers. 2. The judge's decision at the Banda Aceh Syar'iyah Court in resolving the dispute over the determination of heirs has protected the rights of heirs in accordance with faraidh. This is because the opinion of the jumhur of scholars and the opinion of Ibn 'Abbas are in line with the opinion of the panel of judges. Then the daughter in this case is an adult and has a steady job and income, which is different from the case in jurisprudence.

Chinese Vocational School Students' Achievement Motivation in Different Educational Models

The Chinese government is currently experimenting with a new approach to teacher training to address the shortage of teachers in rural schools. This model is called the free teacher training model. Students enter vocational schools after high school to train as preschool teachers for five years, after which they can get a steady job in a public kindergarten. The researcher sought to explore whether the achievement motivation levels of these teacher-education students would be affected by such an educational model. In this study, it was hypothesized that students would be less motivated to achieve in their studies because they would not need to find a job. However, the researcher's survey data indicated that there was no significant difference between the achievement motivation levels of these students who did not have to worry about employment and those who had to worry about employment. Such results surprised the researcher, and the researcher believes there are several possible reasons for such results. For example, these students did not have employment as their primary orientation to learning. Or these students did not fill in their real situation because they were concerned about the influence of social desirability.

Effect of technology on staff retention: case study of pick Npay Namibia

When business leaders have retention measures in place, they generally see increased profitability. The expense of replacing IT professionals, on the other hand, poses substantial issues for corporate executives. Given the rising influence of technology on operational expenses, IT staff retention is critical. The tenacity of this experiment a single review was to determine tactics used by executives to boost IT staff retaining. The people contained of workers Pick N Pay in Windhoek, Namibia, who were in charge of IT staff retention. The conceptual underpinning for this investigation was Herzberg’s two-factor theory. The data was collected from questionnaire that was send through email by Google forms. Data analysis and methodological triangulation which analyzed the answers from questionnaire It also covers firms being more lucrative through improved worker retaining tactics, it contributes structure of information for leaders may utilize to give individuals with steady job possibilities. Single Person, families, communities, businesses, and the economy are all impacted by IT staff retention rates. Employing retaining methods might effect in improved worker-employer connections and managerial success.

Prevalence of internet addiction in south Indian chat rooms

Background: There are various reasons for internet addiction. In the recent covid and post covid era people have taken up chatting as a pastime. Many spend time chatting with strangers for various reasons. This study was conducted to see the prevalence of internet addiction in south Indian chat rooms and the reasons leading to itMethods: After doing a pilot study, many chat room users were administered an online questionnaire. Of the 1763 people approached only 700 of them agreed to participate in this studyResults: Of the seven hundred participants, two hundred and sixteen suffered from internet addiction. Of those with Internet addiction, 85% of the chat room users agreed that they drink alcohol when they chat,63.9% cited individual factors as a reason,62% of the chat room users said they visit chat rooms to game with their friends,31% stated cyber relation addiction as a cause,7.4% said lack of a steady job made them get online and chat and 2.3% of the chat users said they frequented chat sites for want of cyber sexConclusions: People should understand that it’s a virtual world and not real. They should start stepping out and decrease spending time online. Chat rooms should be on a strict vigilance and steps should be taken to screen the chat room users.

Understanding and Exploring the Concept of Fear, in the Work Context and Its Role in Improving Safety Performance and Reducing Well-Being in a Steady Job Insecurity Period

Job insecurity is attributable to the fear of being exploited by the organization and may have negative effects on employees. For example, it may lead employees to adopt non-compliant or deviant behaviors that harm individuals and their organization. However, knowledge about specific fears that have positive or negative effects on employees and organizations is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to detect the main fears related to job insecurity in an organization and the hidden meanings included in each of these fears that may cause negative and positive effects on important work-related outcomes. Further, we identified safety behaviors related to the previously identified fears. Notably, we investigated whether fears reduce well-being, the number of accidents and near misses, and behaviors related to safety and whether they increase the perceived probability of making mistakes. We conducted 65 focus groups with 37 managers/employees and 180 workers in separate groups. Furthermore, they completed a self-report questionnaire. We identified eleven fears and related meanings and ten safety behaviors. Multivariate regression analyses revealed that fears were significantly negatively associated with well-being and safety behaviors but not with the probability of making mistakes and causing accidents. Thus, fears play a key role in promoting behaviors, organizational strategies, and employees’ well-being. The analysis results show that fears are included in a main general factor and suggest a new way to consider fears at work. Given our findings, we propose a new definition of fear in the organization.

A simple version of resting-state heart rate variability interpretation for patients with affective disorders: A four-pattern perspective.

Heart rate variability (HRV) is often considered as a biomarker reflecting well-being, but the clinical meaning of short-term resting-state HRV is not sufficiently defined. We assume that combining several common HRV indices as "HRV patterns" and using the patterns for screening purposes are meaningful approaches. Resting-state 5-min HRV data of 424 subjects were analyzed. Four of the most commonly used HRV indices were considered: standard deviation of normal-to-normal RR intervals, low-frequency power, high-frequency power and the ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency power. According to these indices, four HRV patterns were defined: normal pattern, low HRV pattern, relatively high sympathetic pattern, and relatively high vagal pattern. The associations between the demographics, lifestyles, personality traits, psychological states, and HRV patterns were explored: the low HRV pattern was positively associated with age, body mass index, and depression; the relatively high sympathetic pattern was positively associated with age and negatively associated with exercise habit; and the relatively high vagal pattern was negatively associated with having a steady job and novelty seeking. The pattern perspective may provide a convenient and evidence-based way to interpret resting-state HRV for patients with affective disorders.

Changing Careers to Pursue a Calling: How People Make Career Pivots

Management scholarship is rife with accounts of people pivoting from steady jobs and “good” careers into occupations they view as more personally and socially significant. However, existing organizational theory cannot explain how people make these career pivots. Through a longitudinal qualitative study of 69 individuals associated with When to Jump, a global community for people making career “jumps” to pursue their passions, this paper explores how people construct a “career pivot self-narrative”—an account for the unconventional career change to pursue a calling. Drawing on 201 interviews, conducted in three waves over 18-months, as well as archival and observational data gathered over 3.5 years, I found that individuals substantially revised their self-narratives over time, leading them to minimize their initial uncertainty about their callings, and ultimately downplaying the importance of playing with possible selves to find one. This study, which casts light on the real-time evolution of career pivot self-narratives as they are initially developed, subsequently revised, and eventually maintained, has theoretical implications for research on role transitions and callings. It also has practical implications for individuals seeking to change careers, who often look to others’ self-narratives as a source of guidance.

Subjective Well-Being of Professional Females: A Case Study of Dalian High-Tech Industrial Zone.

The education level and social participation of contemporary Chinese women have reached their historical peak; work is fast becoming the dominant theme of their lives. However, influenced by traditional attitudes, women are still expected to undertake the main family care tasks, thus, facing dual constraints of family and work, which seriously affect their life happiness. Based on the theory of subjective well-being and feminist geography, this study used the questionnaire survey and in-depth interview results of professional females in Dalian High-tech Industrial Zone as basic data to explore the life satisfaction and emotional cognition in intra- and extra-household life of professional females (Professional females: In this study, they are the women who have received formal education and currently have full-time and steady job (including regular employees in the national systems and those who have signed labor contracts with labor units).). The following results were obtained: (1) Most professional females reported higher life satisfaction in intra- rather than extra-household life, and it varied with individual attributes, reflecting the internal differences among them. (2) The positive emotions of professional females came from the company of family and friends in intra-household life, and satisfaction with the working environment and treatment in extra-household life. (3) The negative emotions came from the pressure of “marriage,” “birth,” and other traditional concepts in intra-household life. In extra-household life, it came from the health problems caused by working stress, interpersonal problems and gender inequality in the workplace, and the anxiety of age and future career development. Therefore, this study committed to revealing the living status and subjective feelings of contemporary professional females in China, hoping to improve women’s life quality and enhance their life happiness from a theoretical and realistic perspective.

Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness among HIV-Positive People from Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Objective.To analyze the process of psychosocial adjustment to illness in a sample of people living with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus from Buenos Aires, Argentina.Methods.Cross-sectional analytical study. The sample consisted of 144 HIV-positive people chosen by simple random sampling. The PAIS-SR questionnaire was used to measure the Psychosocial Adjustment process, which is made up of 46 items organized into 7 domains, whose final score ranges between 0 and 100, interpreted so that the higher the score, the worse the psychosocial adjustment process.Results.The respondents reported were mostly male (82.63%), single (61.80%), with university studies (50.00%), without children (74.30%), and with a steady job (88.19%); the mean age of the participants was 43.8 years. The median global score was 51.4 (IQR: 12). The domains with the worst perception of psychosocial adjustment were: Health care orientation (Me: 56, IQR: 20), extended family relationship (Me: 55, IQR: 20), and Sexual relationship (Me: 54, IQR: 14), while those who had a better perception of adjustment were: Domestic environment (Me: 48, IQR: 8), Psychological distress (Me: 48, IQR: 17), Social environment (Me: 50, IQR: 18) and Vocational environment (Me: 50, IQR: 12). It was found that patients with a poor psychosocial adjustment process had low adherence to treatment, higher frequency of smoking, and sedentary lifestyle (p<0.001), while male sex, older age, and employment were related to a better psychosocial adjustment process (p<0.001).Conclusion.The process of psychosocial adjustment to illness in the study group is medium; adjustment was positively related to self-care habits such as better adherence to pharmacological treatment, physical activity, and not smoking.

Kinesiophobia in patients requiring hip and knee endoprosthetics: severity and provoking factors

To study the severity and risk factors of KP in patients requiring total hip and knee endoprosthetics (EP). We examined 50 patients requiring total EP of the hip and knee joints. Pain syndrome was assessed in the preoperative and early postoperative periods in all patients using a visual analog scale, as well as the levels of kinesiophobia, anxiety, and depression using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK). Quality of patients life was studied in the preoperative period (RAND SF36 questionnaire). In the majority of cases, both before and after EP, the level of KP corresponded to an average degree of severity. Both in the preoperative and in the early postoperative periods, not a single case of the absence of KP was detected (≤17 points according to the TSK); at the same time, a very high level of KP (≥55 points according to TSK) was also rarely recorded - in 3 patients in the postoperative period after EP of the hip joint. KP level significantly correlated with the duration of the pain syndrome, while the mental component of the KP, in addition to the duration of the pain syndrome, was influenced by the social status: in patients who had a steady job, the psychological component of the KP was expressed in a less degree. KP level was negatively correlated with such indicators of quality of life as vitality and physical functioning. In addition, the physical component of the KP significantly correlated with the pain intensity, the mental component - with role-playing behavior. Early detection of KP and timely correction of distorted ideas about physical activity are necessary for successful rehabilitation of patients requiring total joint endoprosthetics of the lower limb.

Tanmiyah Al-Mahārat Al-Lughawiyyah Li Thullāb Kuliyyah Al-‘Ulūm Wa Al-Tiknulūjiya Min Khilāl Al-Ta’līm Fī Al-Hawāi Al-Thalaq

The process of learning Arabic at PKPBA takes a long time and the material is quite difficult for most students because they are Mubtadi (beginners) level, science and technology children, which is 30% of the number of UIN students who study Arabic with a myriad of mentoring activities, practicums, regular learning also all done in the classroom or room. The design in this study uses mixed methods with commensurate status and none is dominant between the two types of research. Qualitative research to determine the application of outbound in improving the Arabic language skills of students of the Faculty of Science and Technology of UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang and the use of quantitative methods to obtain an increase in the language skills of students of Science and Technology and the level of motivation of students of the Faculty of Science of UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang by implementing outbound in improving Arabic skills. The results showed that the games were grouped in each language skill. Among them, in special skills, you can play numbered chairs and chain whispers. In Kalam skills with guessing games, and reading skills by sorting words and writing skills by stringing letters into correct and meaningful words. Motivation to learn with the application of this outbound is very high from the results of the questionnaire. And the category of motivation is instrumental motivation because foreign languages are seen solely as a means of meeting practical needs (for example to get a good and steady job), not as a means of approaching other nations' cultures.

When the Big House Freaked Out: The Rise and Fall of Industrial Brazil in a Single Lifetime

When the Big House Freaked Out: The Rise and Fall of Industrial Brazil in a Single Lifetime

Efmov , Mikhail Smit , Dzheral'd Sviatopolk-Mirskii (review)

SEER, 99, 3, JULY 2021 554 in the Modernist Novel’; and Violeta Sotirova, ‘Petersburg and the Problem of Consciousness in Modernist Fiction’. The question remains, as so often with publications of collections which, of necessity, lack a single authorial ‘voice’: who is the potential ‘reader’ of this Guide? The answer, most probably, depends on whether we are to understand the title as promising a ‘companion volume’ to a difficult and fascinating book for a reader not particularly well-versed in Russian language and literature or as a collection of specialist articles designed to facilitate the teaching of a university course on a hitherto somewhat neglected classic? As a teaching aid, I would recommend the book unreservedly. As a ‘companion volume’, I regretted the absence of the map of St Petersburg, an internet reference to which is given by the editor, and, perhaps, some other visual material, and found Part Two more reader-friendly than Part One, perhaps because the apt and insightful contributions tend to be more tightly interwoven with Belyi’s enchanting text. Part One, with its greater emphasis on general background and what Belyi read when, though useful and scholarly, provides information rather than involves the reader in a voyage of discovery, though contributions by Lange, Fink and Bethea provide agreeable exceptions. These reservations notwithstanding, this ‘Reader’s Guide’ is to be heartily recommended to all serious students and teachers of European modernism and should be available in every university library. Department of Russian Avril Pyman University of Durham Efimov, Mikhail and Smit, Dzheral´d [Smith, Gerald]. Sviatopolk-Mirskii. Zhizn´ zamechatel´nykh liudei, vol. 2025 (1825). Molodaia gvardiia, Moscow, 2021. 701 pp. Illustrations. Notes. Bibliography. R792.00. Prince Dmitrii (occasionally Dimitrii, but Dim to his close family and friends) Sviatopolk-Mirskii is best known for two reasons. The first is his History of Russian Literature, especially the 1949 edition, which is regarded by more than a few specialists as still the best introduction in English to the splendours of Russian poetry and prose fiction (see pp. 324–36). The second reason is his return to Russia (apparently on a single, not return, ticket) in 1932, a year after taking Soviet citizenship and joining the CPGB. He was just 42. (Could he have been thinking of Prince Petr Kropotkin, who went back to Russia in May 1917?) Mirskii was arrested in 1937 on suspicion of working for British intelligence and died in a camp near Magadan in 1939, aged 48. It may be naive or pointless to ask ‘Why did he give up a steady job at the London School of Slavonic Studies and the chance to publish regularly in The REVIEWS 555 Slavonic Review?’ For your reviewer, however, the attempt to find answers to this question gives a unity to a very long book and makes it well worth reading in full, whether or not the mystery is either answered or answerable. It’s tempting to plan a better, if rather boring, future for the Prince: he becomes a Professor, retires some time between 1955 and 1960, and, like Sir Dimitri Obolensky in Oxford, is offered a knighthood, but in his own case politely declines. (On his time at the School see, i.a., pp. 144, 515, 518 and 520–39.) But Mirskii preferred to risk an early death to slowly rotting away (p. 416). Perhaps he was an incarnation of Dostoevskii’s fictional Prince Myshkin, one of innumerable twentieth-century too-clever-by-half and allegedly Useful Idiots, of whom there are still so many today, but currently praising Putin rather than Stalin? Even wise men sometimes stumble. Sceptics might ask whether it was worth writing and whether it is worth reading a 701-page volume about an extraordinary man who made one, literally fatal, mistake. The answer is a resounding ‘yes’, especially for those who are interested in modern, including contemporary, Russian history or, for that matter, in ‘eternal Russia’ (some things never change). I was constantly reminded of Catherine Belton’s recent long book about Putin’s People, some of whom, especially a few of Russian heritage, are as deluded by Putin as Mirskii was by Lenin and Stalin. Jean Goutchkov, for instance, in Belton...

Failed Family Sagas

The aim of this article is to examine how failed family sagas have defined early Italian/American culture and female literary tradition through Julia Savarese’s The Weak and the Strong (1952) and Marion Benasutti’s No Steady Job for Papa (1966). The idea of failed (female) lineages is articulated in a thematic sense that is overtly expressed in the depiction of both families in the texts. These convey a doomed plot which matches the coarse realities of immigration and the depression, as well as reflects the boundaries represented by the intersecting limitations of embodying racial and gender difference. Particularly, the article focuses on how male lineage is paramount in the novels and define Italian/American culture. In this sense, the analysis also contends that, as the authors themselves also encountered similar limitations, the lost genealogy of these early precursors has equally endangered the Italian/American female literary tradition.