Steady Fashion Research Articles

Poloxam Thermosensitive Hydrogels Loaded with hFGF2-Linked Camelina Lipid Droplets Accelerate Skin Regeneration in Deep Second-Degree Burns.

Burn injuries are difficult to manage due to the defect of large skin tissues, leading to major disability or even death. Human fibroblast growth factor 2 (hFGF2) is known to promote burn wound healing. However, direct administration of hFGF2 to the wound area would affect the bioactivity. To provide a supportive environment for hFGF2 and control its release in a steady fashion, in this research, we developed novel thermosensitive poloxam hydrogels delivered with hFGF2-linked Camelina lipid droplets (CLD-hFGF2 hydrogels). Cryopreserved scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results indicated that the incorporation of CLD-hFGF2 does not significantly affect the inner structure of hydrogels. The rheological properties showed that CLD-hFGF2 hydrogels gelated in response to temperature, thus optimizing the delivery method. In vitro, CLD-hFGF2 could be released from hydrogels for 3 days after drug delivery (the release rate was 72%), and the release solution could still promote the proliferation and migration of NIH3T3 cells. In vivo, compared with hydrogels alone or with direct CLD-hFGF2 administration, CLD-hFGF2 hydrogels had the most obvious effect on deep second-degree burn wound healing. This work indicates that CLD-hFGF2 hydrogels have potential application value in burn wound healing.

Instabilities driven by frontal polymerization in thermosetting polymers and composites

Frontal Polymerization (FP) was recently demonstrated as a faster, more energy-efficient way to manufacture fiber-reinforced thermosetting-polymer-matrix composites. FP uses heat from the exothermic reaction of the solution of monomer and initiator to generate a self-propagating polymerization front. In most cases, the polymerization front propagates in a steady fashion. However, under some conditions, the front experiences instabilities, which do affect the quality of the manufactured composite part. In this work, we use a coupled thermo-chemical model and an adaptive nonlinear finite element solver to simulate FP-driven instabilities in dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) and in carbon-fiber DCPD-matrix composites. With the aid of 1-D transient simulations, we investigate how the initial temperature and the carbon fiber volume fraction affect the amplitude and wavelength of the thermal instabilities. We also extract the range of processing conditions for which the instabilities are predicted to appear. The last part of this work investigates the effect of convective heat loss on the FP-driven instabilities in both neat resin and composite cases.

Comparison of Exosomes Secreted by Culture‐Expanded Annulus Fibrosus, Nucleus Pulposus, and Bone Marrow Stromal Cells for Intervertebral Disc Repair

Exosomes have emerged as an alternative to cell therapies in many fields. Bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) have been almost exclusively used to generate exosomes as progenitor cells are known to rapidly generate exosomes with a high therapeutic potential. Progenitor cells can be obtained from different connective tissues, and it has been shown that the therapeutic potential of exosomal cargo differs among tissues. We postulate the most efficacious exosomes are produced by progenitor cells derived from the tissue that is to be treated. Our long‐term goal is to develop exosome therapies for treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration. The intervertebral disc is made up of two regions that can experience degradation, the outer annulus fibrosus and inner nucleus pulposus. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare exosomes from MSCs to exosomes from annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus cells that adopt progenitor cell properties with culture‐expansion. Bone marrow MSCs, annulus fibrosus, and nucleus pulposus cells were isolated from sheep and culture expanded. Over 20 days of expansion, all cell types grew in a steady exponential fashion for around 28 population doublings and expressed progenitor cell CD markers. Secreted exosomes were purified by ultracentrifugation and identified by transmission electron microscopy and western blot for exosomal proteins. The size and number of exosomes produced was analyzed by nanoparticle tracking analysis. All cell types secreted exosomes that were not significantly different in size or number. MSCs, annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus cells all took up exosomes from each cell type. This data confirms that manufacturing of functional exosomes is comparable among these cell types. Exosomal content is currently being analyzed to identify differences among cell types and includes total proteome by protein mass spectrometry, as well as RNA and mi‐RNA content through RNA sequencing.Support or Funding InformationColorado State University Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory

Discovering patterns of online popularity from time series

How is popularity gained online? Is being successful strictly related to rapidly becoming viral in an online platform, or is it possible to acquire popularity in a steady and disciplined fashion? What are other temporal characteristics that can unveil the popularity of online content? To answer these questions, we leverage a multifaceted temporal analysis of the evolution of popular online content. We present dipm-SC: a multidimensional shape-based time-series clustering algorithm with a heuristic to find the optimal number of clusters. First, we validate the accuracy of our algorithm on synthetic datasets generated from benchmark time series models. Second, we show that dipm-SC can uncover meaningful clusters of popularity behaviors in real-world GitHub and Twitter datasets. By clustering the multidimensional time-series of the popularity of contents coupled with other domain-specific dimensions, we discover two main patterns of popularity: bursty and steady temporal behaviors. Furthermore, we find that the way popularity is gained over time has no significant impact on the final cumulative popularity.

Research of heavy wall X65MOS submarine pipeline steel key process strategy

In recent years, there has been development of several significant pipeline projects for the transmission of oil and gas from deep water environments. The production of gas transmission pipelines for application demands heavy wall, high strength, good lower temperature fracture toughness, low yield ratio and good corrosion resistance. To overcome the difficulties of producing excellent performance in heavy wall X65MOS pipe Shougang Steel Research in cooperation with the Shougang Steel Qinhuangdao China (Shouqin) 4.3m heavy wide plate mill research was conducted.This paper describes the background, composition design, key process strategy to produce excellent performance in heavy wall X65MOS plate. The importance of recrystallized rolling process, the tensile property change during pipe making and the corrosion resistance change by “pre-stretching + bend” deformation simulate pipe making in the lab will be discussed. The results showed the per pass reductions during recrystallized rough rolling should be increased in a steady fashion, with special emphasis on the reduction of the final two roughing pass prior to the intermediate hold (transfer thickness for finishing) should be more than 20%. The tensile properties change rule and the reasonable pipe expansion process should be determine during pipe making. The crack length ratio(CLR) internal control criteria of the plate should be less than 6%, it helps to ensure the HIC performance of the pipe can meet the technical specification(CLR≤15%).

Fully coupled wellbore-reservoir simulation of supercritical CO2 injection from fossil fuel power plant for heat mining from geothermal reservoirs

Abstract The concept of injecting supercritical CO2 (sCO2) into a geothermal reservoir was computationally investigated to assess its performance in terms of the benefit of using CO2 captured from fossil power plants for geothermal heat mining. A coupled wellbore-reservoir system was simulated considering the flow of pure sCO2 in an injection well, the interaction of sCO2 and water in a permeable reservoir, and the flow of the two-phase mixture of sCO2 and water in a production well. Results of simulations indicate that this CO2 application is capable of providing a good source of renewable energy. It was found that for a reservoir with a 0.08 km3 volume, about 8–9 MWth could be extracted in a steady state fashion for a 30-year lifetime operation. This is approximately equivalent to 100 MWth/km3. A sensitivity analysis provided information on the impact of certain parameters on the performance of the integrated system. The injection flowrate, the distance between the production and injection wellbores and the penetrating depth of the production wellbore into the reservoir have a first order impact on the pressure management of the reservoir. Additionally, CO2 injection temperature has a large effect on the thermosiphon characteristics of the system.

Heparin-Poloxamer Thermosensitive Hydrogel Loaded with bFGF and NGF Enhances Peripheral Nerve Regeneration in Diabetic Rats

Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is a major burden to society with limited therapeutic options, and novel biomaterials have great potential for shifting the current paradigm of treatment. With a rising prevalence of chronic illnesses such as diabetes mellitus (DM), treatment of PNI is further complicated, and only few studies have proposed therapies suitable for peripheral nerve regeneration in DM. To provide a supportive environment to restore structure and/or function of nerves in DM, we developed a novel thermo-sensitive heparin-poloxamer (HP) hydrogel co-delivered with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in diabetic rats with sciatic nerve crush injury. The delivery vehicle not only had a good affinity for large amounts of growth factors (GFs), but also controlled their release in a steady fashion, preventing degradation in vitro. In vivo, compared with HP hydrogel alone or direct GFs administration, GFs-HP hydrogel treatment is more effective at facilitating Schwann cell (SC) proliferation, leading to an increased expression of nerve associated structural proteins, enhanced axonal regeneration and remyelination, and improved recovery of motor function (all p < 0.05). Our mechanistic investigation also revealed that these neuroprotective and neuroregenerative effects of the GFs-HP hydrogel may be associated with activations of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase and protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK/STAT3), and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) signaling pathways. Our work provides a promising therapy option for peripheral nerve regeneration in patients with DM.

A Comparative Study on Root Traits of Spring and Winter Canola (Brassica napus L.) under Controlled and Water Stressed Conditions

Root system in canola (Brassica napus L.) varies largely in different growth habit types. A study was conducted with five winter and five spring types of canola germplasm. The objective was to identify the gradual change of root traits at different growth habits stages under controlled and water stressed conditions. Two experiments, controlled and water stressed, were conducted in a greenhouse. Data on different root traits were collected at 30, 40, 50 and 60 days after planting. In controlled experiment, no significant difference was observed for root traits between winter and spring types at 30 days after planting. However, significant variations were appeared for taproot length (F = 10.17***) and root dry weight (F = 16.96***) between winter and spring types at 40 days after planting. All other root parameters such as basal taproot diameter (F = 22.14***), bottom taproot diameter (F = 4.59*), primary root branches (F = 78.70***) and root vigor (F = 47.18***) were significantly higher in the winter types compared to those of the spring types at 60 days after planting. Growth pattern curves indicated that all the root traits of spring types increased in a steady fashion, where the root traits of winter types increased rapidly after 40 days of planting. In water stressed experiment, the water stress was applied from 20 to 60 days after planting, and data was taken at 60 days after planting. All the root parameters except taproot length were significantly (P &lt; 0.001) lower in the stressed spring and winter plants compared to the control plants. The root growth reduction in stressed winter type germplasms was higher. Basal taproot diameter, bottom taproot diameter, primary root branches, root vigor, and root dry weight were decreased by 43%, 63%, 19%, 31% and 53%, respectively in stressed winter type plants. In contrast, the root growth reduction of the spring type germplasms were relatively lower. This study indicated that winter type canola generates vigorous root system in comparison to spring types under normal growing conditions, but ceases its root growth rate more than the spring types under water stressed conditions.

Dual Delivery of NGF and bFGF Coacervater Ameliorates Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy via Inhibiting Schwann Cells Apoptosis.

Diabetic neuropathy is a kind of insidious complications that impairs neural and vascular function and ultimately leads to somatic and visceral denervation. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) are important neurotrophic factors for stimulating angiogenesis and improving peripheral nerve function. Administrating a single factor has good therapeutic effect on diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). However, the short half-life and rapid diffusion of growth factors under physiological conditions limits its clinical applications. Here, we used a biodegradable coacervate, composed of heparin and polycation, to dominate the combined release of bFGF and NGF in a steady fashion. We found this combined growth factors (GFs) coacervate, administered as a single injection, improved motor and sensory functions, restored morphometric structure and decreased apoptosis of Schwann cells in a rat model of prolonged DPN. Similarly the GFs coacervate, as compared with free bFGF and NGF combination, markedly reduced the apoptosis level of a rat Schwann cell line, RSC 96 cells in vitro. We also demonstrated that neuroprotective effects of the GFs coacervate in both rat DPN model and hyperglycemia-induced RSC 96 cell model is likely due to suppression of endocytoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS).

CCAMLR’s precautionary approach to management focusing on Ross Sea toothfish fishery

AbstractSeveral recent papers have criticized the scientific robustness of the fisheries management system used by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), including that for Ross Sea toothfish. Here we present a response from the wider CCAMLR community to address concerns and to correct some apparent misconceptions about how CCAMLR acts to promote conservation whilst allowing safe exploitation in all of its fisheries. A key aspect of CCAMLR’s approach is its adaptive feedback nature; regular monitoring and analysis allows for adjustments to be made, as necessary, to provide a robust management system despite the statistical uncertainties inherent in any single assessment. Within the Ross Sea, application of CCAMLR’s precautionary approach has allowed the toothfish fishery to develop in a steady fashion with an associated accumulation of data and greater scientific understanding. Regular stock assessments of the fishery have been carried out since 2005, and the 2013 stock assessment estimated current spawning stock biomass to be at 75% of the pre-exploitation level. There will always be additional uncertainties which need to be addressed, but where information is lacking the CCAMLR approach to management ensures exploitation rates are at a level commensurate with a precautionary approach.

Treatment of Spasticity with Baclofen Pump Implantation: A Clinical Prospective Study.

Background Data : The use of an implantable infusion pump for the treatment of spasticity is to provide the patient with lower dose that the patient is taking at the present time, and this small dose will be given in a steady fashion in the form of drip irrigation. The drip irrigation is through a small plastic catheter and in minute amounts continuously. Objective : to assess the efficiency of Baclofen pump implantation in patients with spasticity. Methods : This is a clinical prospective study of 20 patients with an implanted device of Intra thecal Infusion pump to treat cerebral and spinal spasticity (12 male age from 12 to 72 years, 8 female age from7 to 60 years) operated in the department of neurosurgery, Neurosciences hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, from October 2011 to December 2012.We evaluated the Presenting symptoms and sings before the operation and measured the outcome postoperatively. Results : The incidence of complications in ITB surgeries was 15% (3 of 20 patients) all of them were male. Satisfactory results was 90% (18 patients of 20), more obvious in pediatric age group (improvement in spasticity’s scale the postoperative complications were recorded are early emptiness of the infusion pump (withdrawal symptoms) The most common drawback that the patient had been seen in our practice is unavailability of the in our institutes nor in the private sectors and it is very expensive indeed and made a burden on their family. Conclusions : ITB is an excellent method of treating spastic CP generalized secondary dystonic CP, and patients with spinal cause of Spasticity (trauma, multiple sclerosis), with few complications.

Exercise training, lymphocyte subsets and their cytokines production: experience of an Italian professional football team and their impact on allergy.

Background. In recent years, numerous articles have attempted to shed light on our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of exercise-induced immunologic changes and their impact on allergy and asthma. It is known that lymphocyte subclasses, cytokines, and chemokines show modifications after exercise, but outcomes can be affected by the type of exercise as well as by its intensity and duration. Interesting data have been presented in many recent studies on mouse models, but few studies on humans have been performed to check the long-term effects of exercise over a whole championship season. Methods. This study evaluated lymphocyte subsets and their intracellular IL-2, IL-4, TNF-α, and IFN-γ production in professional football (soccer) players, at three stages of the season, to evaluate if alterations occur, particularly in relation to their allergic status. Results and Conclusion. Despite significant mid-season alterations, no significant lymphocyte subclasses count modifications, except for NKs that were significantly higher, were observed at the end. IL-2 and IL-4 producing cells showed a significant decrease (P = 0.018 and P = 0.001, but in a steady fashion for IL-4), confirming the murine data about the potential beneficial effects of aerobic exercise for allergic asthma.

High-altitude salt lake elevation changes and glacial ablation in Central Tibet, 2000–2010

This research quantifies lake level variations in the Siling Co, Co’e and Bangor Co salt lakes in Central Tibet from 1976 to 2010, and most notably for the 2000–2010 periods. In particular, the effects of different water replenishment modes on the lakes have been analyzed. Here we have provided new evidences for climate warming and accelerated glacial ablation on the Central Tibetan Plateau from 2000 to 2010. Based on fieldwork involving Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) surveying and Remote Sensing (RS) interpretations of the lake area, we have drawn the following conclusions. (1) From 1976 to 2010, the process of lake level variation in Siling Co can be divided into two stages. From 1976 to 2000, the lake level rose 4.3 m in a steady fashion (from 4530 to 4534.3 m); the rise rate was 0.18 m/a. From 2000 to 2010, the lake level rapidly rose 8.2 m (from 4534.3 to 4542.5 m), with a dramatically higher rise rate of 0.82 m/a. Compared with the rapidly increasing lake level of Siling Co from 2000 to 2010, the fluctuations observed at Co’e and Bangor Co were smooth and inconspicuous. (2) From 1976 to 2009, the lake area of Siling Co experienced a steady-rapid-steady expansion pattern. The lake area of Siling Co increased 656.64 km2 in the 34 years to 2010, a proportional growth of 39.4%. This was particularly significant in the 2000–2010 period, when the lake area of Siling Co increased by 549.77 km2, a proportional growth of 30.6%. (3) According to correlation analysis, the rise in regional temperatures, which has led to the ablation of glaciers, is the main reason for the rapid rise in Siling Co lake levels in the 10 years to 2010. During this period, Siling Co rose approximately 8 m as the direct result of glacial melting. An increase in precipitation in the Siling Co catchment area is the secondary factor. This contrasts with Bangor Co, where the dominant factor in lake level change is the long-term increase in precipitation; here, the increasing temperature is the secondary factor.

Optimal feeding is optimal swimming for all Péclet numbers

Cells swimming in viscous fluids create flow fields which influence the transport of relevant nutrients, and therefore their feeding rate. We propose a modeling approach to the problem of optimal feeding at zero Reynolds number. We consider a simplified spherical swimmer deforming its shape tangentially in a steady fashion (so-called squirmer). Assuming that the nutrient is a passive scalar obeying an advection-diffusion equation, the optimal use of flow fields by the swimmer for feeding is determined by maximizing the diffusive flux at the organism surface for a fixed rate of energy dissipation in the fluid. The results are obtained through the use of an adjoint-based numerical optimization implemented by a Legendre polynomial spectral method. We show that, to within a negligible amount, the optimal feeding mechanism consists in putting all the energy expended by surface distortion into swimming—so-called treadmill motion—which is also the solution maximizing the swimming efficiency. Surprisingly, although the rate of feeding depends strongly on the value of the Péclet number, the optimal feeding stroke is shown to be essentially independent of it, which is confirmed by asymptotic analysis. Within the context of steady actuation, optimal feeding is therefore found to be equivalent to optimal swimming for all Péclet numbers.

Links between orogenic wedge deformation and erosional exhumation: Evidence from illite age analysis of fault rock and detrital thermochronology of syn-tectonic conglomerates in the Spanish Pyrenees

We present new geochronologic data illuminating the tectonic and erosional history of the orogenic wedge exposed in the south-central Pyrenees, Spain. We interpret illite-age analyses from four fault gouges that record thrust-belt development and document the importance of out-of-sequence thrusting. Fault activity occurs in pulses, with slip occurring contemporaneously on multiple faults throughout the wedge. New apatite fission-track data from syn-orogenic sediments of the Sis Conglomerate body reveal ages of 48 to 42 Ma, with no consistent variation upsection in strata deposited from 41 to 30 Ma. We interpret these data, as well as thermal modeling of track-length distributions, to imply rapid cooling in the interior of the Pyrenean wedge during the Middle Eocene. The record of fault activity and erosion suggests that orogenic wedges may not evolve in a steady fashion, but generally exhibit significant changes in rates of deformation and exhumation. The observed correlation in the timing of tectonism and erosional exhumation provides evidence for links between tectonic and surface processes.

Turning Attention to the Young

Turning Attention to the Young

Tectonic significance of ductile deformation in low-grade sandstones in the mesozoic Otago subduction wedge, New Zealand

This study demonstrates how ductile strain measurements can determine the tectonic evolution of a large and long-lived subduction wedge. We provide a synthesis of the geology of the South Island of New Zealand, with an emphasis on a wedge tectonics perspective that contrasts with a traditional view that interprets New Zealand geology in the context of terrane collision and accretion. We argue that the Otago subduction wedge evolved in a steady fashion throughout its 290 to 105 Ma history in response to accretion of trench-fill and abyssal-plain sediments, and slow erosion of a subaerially-exposed forearc high. Maximum temperatures for rocks in the flanks of the forearc high were no greater than 150 to 300 °C, with solution mass-transfer active as the dominant ductile mechanism. The 54 studied samples provide information about the absolute ductile strains acquired all along their flow-path, from the site of accretion to exhumation in the forearc high. We use tensor-averages to estimate strain at a regional scale. These show plane-strain uniaxial flattening, given that the tensor-averages for <i>S_y</i> and <i>S_x</i> are close to one. On average, <i>S_z</i> is approximately 0.77, and this is balanced by a mass loss of about 23 percent. The average Z direction is sub-horizontal in the prowedge and moderately plunging in the retrowedge, a difference attributed to spatial variations in the mode of accretion. We infer that rocks presently in the pro-side of the Otago high were sourced by frontal accretion, and those in the retro-side were underplated. This result highlights the important role of accretion in determining the style of within-wedge deformation, and also demonstrates the benefit of using a tensor-averaging approach to examine regional strain.

Developmental trajectories of self-management skills and adolescent substance use / Desarrollo de habilidades de autocuidado y uso de sustancias en adolescentes

AbstractThis study examined whether transitions in self-management skills were associated with change in gateway substance use (alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana) from early to mid-adolescence, using a latent growth framework for data analysis. The sample consisted of predominantly white, suburban, and middle-class students (N=2,277) attending 22 middle schools who were followed-up annually from the 7th through 10th grades. Findings indicated that substance use increased in a steady fashion, whereas change in self-management skills (represented by a latent construct withindicators of decision-making, problem solving, self-reinforcement, and self control skills) was relatively flat with a gradual decline over time.A conditioned growth model indicated that early levels of substanceuse increased the decline in self-management skills over time. Earlyself-management skills, on the other hand, were protective and slowed growth in substance use. Relations between the two slope growth factors indicated that increases in substance use over time were associated with parallel decreases in self-management skills. Receiving higher grades in school was protective and downwardly influenced growth in substance use, whereas being male was associated with a greater decline in self-management skills. These findings support the utility of prevention programs emphasizing self-management skills training as an effective deterrent to early-stage substance use.

103 EVALUATION OF LH, FSH, PROLACTIN, TESTOSTERONE AND ESTRADIOL SERUM LEVELS AND INFLUENCE OF CIGARETTE SMOKING IN 716 PATIENTS WITH TESTICULAR VARICOCELE

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: During epididymal transit, spermatozoa acquire new surface proteins. P34H being one of them, it is implicated in sperm-zona pellucida binding. Absence of this surface protein is associated with inability of sperm to interact with the oocyte. We have previously shown that P34H was present in all fertile men and approximately in 50 % of idiopathic infertile men. We also showed that P34H remains at the same level in different semen from a given individual. Vasovasostomy has a high surgical success rate but fertility is not recovered in a significant proportion of cases. Knowing that vasectomy can cause epididymal damages, we have quantified P34H in vasovasostomized men with regards to the time elapsed between vasectomy and surgical reversal. METHODS: We retrospectively analysed 589 charts of patients between 1997 and 2006 who underwent a modified 1-layer microsurgical vasovasostomy performed by a single surgeon. P34H evaluated by western blot analysis performed on a constant number of spermatozoa was available for 107 patients. Of these, 9 patients were excluded due to protein degradation on western blots. RESULTS: : P34H decrease in a steady fashion for the first 9 years of interval between vasectomy and vasovasostomy. In fact, 94 % of patients that were under vasectomy for less than 3 years had a positive P34H. The decrease of P34H continues to reach 72 % of positivity between 7 to 9 years after vasectomy. Afterward, P34H was positive in 93% and 100% of vasovasostomized men after 10 to 12 years and 13 to 15 years under vasectomy respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that a decrease of P34H is associated with the time elapsed between vasectomy and its surgical reversal at least for the first 9 years. After this period, a normal value of P34H characterises a high proportion of vasovasostomized men suggesting an adaptive mechanism within the epididymis. For patients with less then 10 years under vasectomy, the time elapsed between vasectomy and its reversal can be a part of the prognostic factors of fertility recovery in men. Supported by CIHR grants to RS

Electron spin resonance

A review is presented of the literature on ESR mainly published during the period 2005–2007. A focus is made on subjects such as catalysis, fuel cells, mechanochemistry, environmental applications, archaeological dating and radiation dosimetry, aspects of biological systems and the adsorption of molecules by porous solids, including porous carbon, silica and zeolites. Aspects of spin-trapping are considered among these applications, and also fundamental studies of organic radicals including triplet state species and biradicals. Developments in ESR appear to continue in a steady fashion and there are really no entirely new areas being extracted. Among the technical developments that have been reported are advances in computing, both in the acquisition and processing of spectral data and in predicting the magnetic properties of individual molecules (g-values and hyperfine couplings), most usually now done using Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations.