Stavanger Region Research Articles

Take a hike: Spatializing allemannsretten and transportation accessibility for outdoor recreation in the Greater Stavanger Region, Norway

ABSTRACT A special connection between people and their environment is legally recognized in Norway as Allemannsretten, the right to enjoy a large part of Norwegian nature. Scholarship on leisure mobility, spatial planning, and transport geography recognizes the intrinsic value of this spatial connection. As people travel for outdoor recreation, equitable access to recreation is a goal for just transport systems and must be achieved as these systems are digitalized and electrified for low-carbon transitions. The aim of the article is to identify the impact of transportation accessibility on outdoor recreation habits in the Greater Stavanger Region, Norway’s third-largest metropolitan region. With car-centric development since the 1970s and ambitious automobility-reduction targets, transportation accessibility for outdoor recreation is a key indicator of challenges to overcome in mobility transitions, yet features marginally in public debate. In focusing on popular outdoor day trips and based on multisited interviews with both car owners and non-owners, the authors identify oversights in accessibility, spatializing the issue of local destinations in relation to urban transport transition. They conclude that policymakers must address specific gaps to make transport systems desirable and inclusive, and that a spatial lens can be used to problematize and advance just low-carbon transitions.

“State of happiness”? Petroreligion and petromelancholia in Norway

ABSTRACTThis article discusses the intersection between the symbol systems of petroculture and religion in development of the Norwegian oil age. The public TV series State of Happiness (2018‐now) dramatizes Norway's adventure with oil and gas, beginning in 1969. Drawing parallels to Darren Dochuk's work on the mutual construction of petroculture and American religion in Anointed with Oil, this essay argues that State of Happiness retells the story of Norway's adventure with oil framed by some in terms of salvation, as a blessing and as the arrival of a better, messianic age. The characters in the series negotiate their religious commitments with the enchantments of the emerging petroculture in the Stavanger region, engaging the themes of Advent, Christmas, Baptism, and Trinity.

Skill-relatedness and employment growth of firms in times of prosperity and crisis in an oil-dependent region

Many studies have shed light on the positive side of relatedness, but little attention has yet been devoted to possible downsides of relatedness for firm performance in regions. We found in a case study of the oil-dependent Stavanger region in Norway that plants in industries that are skill-related to the dominant oil and gas industry showed lower employment growth than plants in other industries. This was the case both in the boom and the crisis periods, even when controlling for supply linkages to the oil and gas sector. However, we also found that plants skill-related to the oil and gas industry increased their relative performance during the crisis to some degree, but they did not outperform the non-skill-related plants during the crisis.

Effects of replacing PSA with Stockholm3 for diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer in a healthcare system – the Stavanger experience

Objective To describe early experience of replacing PSA with Stockholm3 for detection of prostate cancer in primary care. Design and methods Longitudinal observations, comparing outcome measures before and after the implementation of Stockholm3. Setting Stavanger region in Norway with about 370,000 inhabitants, 304 general practitioners (GPs) in 97 primary care clinics, and one hospital. Intervention GPs were instructed to use Stockholm3 instead of PSA as standard procedure for diagnosis of prostate cancer. Main outcome measures Proportion of GP clinics that had ordered a Stockholm3 test. Number of men referred to needle biopsy. Distribution of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPC) (Gleason Score ≥7) and clinically non-significant prostate cancer (cnsPC) (Gleason Score 6), in needle biopsies. Estimation of direct healthcare costs. Results Stockholm3 was rapidly implemented as 91% (88/97) of the clinics started to use the test within 14 weeks. After including 4784 tested men, the percentage who would have been referred for prostate needle biopsy was 29.0% (1387/4784) if based on PSA level ≥3ng/ml, and 20.8% (995/4784) if based on Stockholm3 Risk Score (p < 0.000001). The proportion of positive biopsies with csPC increased from 42% (98/233) before to 65% (185/285) after the implementation. Correspondingly, the proportion of cnsPC decreased from 58% (135/233) before to 35% (100/285) after the implementation (p < 0.0017). Direct healthcare costs were estimated to be reduced by 23–28% per tested man. Conclusion Replacing PSA with Stockholm3 for early detection of prostate cancer in primary care is feasible. Implementation of Stockholm3 resulted in reduced number of referrals for needle-biopsy and a higher proportion of clinically significant prostate cancer findings in performed biopsies. Direct healthcare costs decreased. KEY POINTS A change from PSA to Stockholm3 for the diagnosis of prostate cancer in primary care in the Stavanger region in Norway is described and assessed. •Implementation of a new blood-based test for prostate cancer detection in primary care was feasible. A majority of GP clinics started to use the test within three months. •Implementation of the Stockholm3 test was followed by: –a 28% reduction in number of men referred for urological prostate cancer work-up –an increase in the proportion of clinically significant cancer in performed prostate biopsies from 42 to 65% –an estimated reduction in direct health care costs between 23 and 28%.

A palaeodietary investigation of a multi-period churchyard in Stavanger, Norway, using stable isotope analysis (C, N, H, S) on bone collagen

Stable isotopes (C, N, H and S) chemically record information in bone about numerous aspects of past human lives, such as diet, residence and migration. Although widely applied, few stable isotope studies have been carried out for palaeodietary research using Norwegian material, and none from the southwest coast. The first animal and human stable isotope values from the Norwegian Stavanger region are presented in this study, revealing changes in dietary habits through a period of cultural, religious and economic changes in Norway, from the 9th century AD to the post-reformation period (17th century/early 18th century AD). 14C-datings of some skeletons that gave ages between AD 800–1150 (calibrated, 2 sigma) raise questions about their origin and the expansion of Christianity. The stable isotope results indicate a high protein diet with a substantial amount of marine input. Across the centuries, changing dietary patterns emerge that are probably related to changes in Christian rituals and people's lifestyle. The intensification of fishing activities that characterises medieval Europe is also visible in the isotopic record of Stavanger. The multi-proxy approach in this study proved useful as the addition of hydrogen stable isotopic data allows for improved interpretation of the palaeodiet, whereas sulphur stable isotope data needs further exploration in order to indicate possible migration.

Reactions and coping strategies in lay rescuers who have provided CPR to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest victims: a qualitative study

ObjectiveCardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) provided by community citizens is of paramount importance for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) victims' survival. Fortunately, CPR rates by community citizens seem to be rising. However, the...

Life years saved, standardised mortality rates and causes of death after hospital discharge in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors

Aim of the studyOut-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) accounts for many unexpected deaths in Europe and the survival rates in different regions vary considerably. We have previously reported excellent survival to discharge rates in the Stavanger region. We now describe the long-term outcome of OHCA victims in our region. MethodsIn this retrospective observational study, we followed all OHCA hospital discharge survivors between 01.07.2002 and 30.06.2011 (n=213) for a minimum of 1 year and up to 10 years. Based on the national death statistics stratified for gender and age, we could calculate the potential life years saved, standardised mortality rates (SMR) and delineate the causes of death after hospital discharge. ResultsOf the 213 patients who were discharged from the hospital, 91% had a cardiac origin of their OHCA. The mean potential life years saved per patient was 22.8 years. The observed five-year survival rate was 76%. The overall SMR in our study cohort was 2.3 when compared to the age- and gender-matched population. Cardiac disease was a prominent cause of late deaths, with the specific SMR for cardiac disease-related deaths being as high as 42 in males and 140 in females. ConclusionResuscitation of OHCA victims lead to a significant long-term benefit with respect to life years saved. Cardiac disease was the main cause of death after hospital discharge. More studies are needed to identify the potential of therapeutic interventions and rehabilitation efforts that may further enhance the long-term outcomes in OHCA hospital discharge survivors.

General practitioners’ strategies to identify alcohol problems: A focus group study

Objective. To explore general practitioners’ (GPs’) experiences with addressing alcohol in the consultation without prior invitation from the patient. Design and setting. Two focus group interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 13 Norwegian GPs in the Stavanger region. Participants were invited to talk about situations where the doctor initiated discussion of alcohol. Systematic text condensation was applied for analysis. Results. Participants presented a broad range of examples of what made GPs initiate discussion of alcohol, how they brought up the subject, and what happened when they did so. Sometimes they were just acting on a hunch. Family members were also occasionally prompting the doctor to act, or recent serious incidents worked as cues for asking. Routinely taking or creating an opportunity to explore was also common. Directly confronting the patient was a challenging task, and the participants disclosed experiences of how this had been achieved. Conclusions. Pragmatic case-finding appears to be a field of competence which can be further developed, but should be adapted to the clinical setting and the GP's personal style. It is suggested that strategies for dealing with alcohol problems in general practice should be based on a proper understanding of this specific medical context, and be adaptable to different clinical situations and the individual patient.

Good outcome in every fourth resuscitation attempt is achievable—An Utstein template report from the Stavanger region

Aim of the study Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a major cause of death in the western world. We wanted to study changes in survival over time and factors linked to this in a region which have already reported high survival rates. Methods We used a prospectively collected Utstein template database to identify all resuscitation attempts in adult patients with OHCA of presumed cardiac origin. We included 846 resuscitation attempts and compared survival to discharge with good outcome in two time periods (2001–2005 vs. 2006–2008). Results We found no significant differences between the two time periods for mean age (71 and 70 years ( p = 0.309)), sex distribution (males 70% and 71% ( p = 0.708)), location of the OHCA (home 64% and 63% ( p = 0.732)), proportion of shockable rhythms (44% and 47% ( p = 0.261)) and rate of return of spontaneous circulation (38% and 43% ( p = 0.136)), respectively. Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), however, increased significantly from 60% to 73% ( p < 0.0001), as did the overall rate of survival to discharge from 18% to 25% ( p = 0.018). In patients with a shockable first rhythm, rate of survival to discharge increased significantly from 37% to 48% ( p = 0.036). In witnessed arrest with shockable rhythm survival to discharge increased from 37% to 52% ( p = 0.0105). Conclusion Overall, good outcome is now achievable in every fourth resuscitation attempt and in every second resuscitation attempt when patients have a shockable rhythm. The reason for the better outcomes is most likely multi-factorial and linked to improvements in the local chain of survival.

The legacy of Stavanger as Capital of Culture in Europe 2008: watershed or puff of wind?

When studying the impact of cultural mega events, researchers tend to scrutinise their economic benefits, cultural identity, competitive advantage in attracting the attention of important stakeholders or the effect on regional development and urban regeneration. The impact on the field of cultural production has received less attention. In this article, the authors highlight the latter. Stavanger, Norway, was the 2008 European Capital of Culture. We present an analysis of the impact of this mega event on the cultural sector in the Stavanger region. Using Bourdieu’s notions of social field and social capital, this article explores the interplay between this mega event and the structure of the local field of culture. The authors analyse (1) the impact on the field itself; and (2) how it affected different parts of the sector differently. The article concludes that the field was ‘lifted’. At the same time, the larger and most institutionalised producers – the core arts institutions – gained the most, especially by increasing their social capital.

Can Large-Scale Cultural Events Lead to Cultural Scepticism?

Large scale cultural events often have idealistic aims of affecting participants and spectators in a positive manner, by widening public’s cultural understandings and horizons. The ‘Open Port’ motto chosen for the Stavanger region as European Capital of Culture in 2008 explicitly signalled such ambitions. This article takes the idea of a positive link between exposure to broad-ranging cultural events and tolerance for cultural diversity as a starting point. Nevertheless, there is seemingly little empirical support in the research literature for such a postulate. On this background we suggest a different line of arguments, based on the idea of relative deprivation. Rather than expecting positive change in the beliefs of those more exposed, this alternative hypothesis presumes that inhabitants away from the main centres of artistic and cultural activities, could react. They will often see themselves as left behind and kept out from the grand events, it is contended. In this way we hypothesise that local inhabitants living outside of the central areas will react negatively, by becoming less sympathetic. Special survey data from the region for the period 2007-2009 indicate empirical support for this alternative hypothesis, based on the idea of relative deprivation. At the same time there is little evidence of a possible link between higher exposure and increased tolerance. Multiple regression analysis with an index of cultural scepticism as the dependent variable shows basically no change in attitudes for those living close to main centres of Stavanger 2008 activities. At the same time there is a significant increase in cultural scepticism among local inhabitants living farther away from the central axis. Moreover, results from surveys at the national level confirm a picture of stability in cultural scepticism for Norwegians in general during the same period. This makes an explanation of the observed change for inhabitants living within the larger Stavanger region but outside the central axis, especially challenging. Although the empirical patterns are consistent with the idea of relative deprivation, these findings could not be regarded as a strong test of the hypothesis at this stage. Further research, in alternative settings and with supplementary measures is needed.

The regional dynamics of innovation: a comparative study of oil and gas industry development in Stavanger and Aberdeen

This paper reports on a comparative case study of the development of local innovation systems in two key gateways to the North Sea oil and gas province: the Stavanger region on the southwest coast of Norway and the Aberdeen region in northeast Scotland. These two regions provide an ideal setting for a matched pair comparison, since the global market conditions and local geotechnical environment within which they developed into ‘oil capitals’ are strikingly similar. Despite these similarities, the development of local technological and industrial capabilities followed different paths in the two locations. Yet these differences do not appear to have led to significant differences in industrial competitiveness. Although Stavanger and Aberdeen are characterised by very different local innovation systems, the available evidence suggests that outcomes have been similar along significant dimensions of industry performance.

Health and well‐being in care staff and their relations to organizational and psychosocial factors, care staff and resident factors in nursing homes

The aim of this study is to investigate the association of psychosocial factors and patient factors with stress in care staff in nursing homes. In this cross-sectional survey, 197 care staff from 13 dementia wards from four nursing homes in the Stavanger region, Norway, participated. Stress in care staff was measured by Perceived Stress Scale, Hopkins Symptom Check List, and subjective health complaints. Agitation in patients was measured with the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory. Work-related psychosocial factors were measured by General Nordic Questionnaire for Psychosocial and Social Factors at Work (QPSNordic). Data were analyzed using multivariate regression analyses. Psychosocial factors (QPS Nordic) were significantly associated with all the three outcome measures of stress in care staff, whereas agitation was associated with subjective health complaints only. QPS Nordic subscales significantly associated with stress in care staff were those associated with leadership. Psychosocial factors were more important predictors of carer stress than patient-related factors such as dementia severity and agitation. The findings provide key background information in the planning of interventions to improve conditions for care staff and ultimately for nursing home residents.

A cultural mega event's impact on innovative capabilities in art production: the results of Stavanger being the European capital of culture in 2008

Large cultural events are often catalysts for the development of the cultural economy. This paper examines the extent to which being a European capital of culture influenced inter-industrial and intra-industrial knowledge spillovers in cultural production. The main focus is on the event's ability to strengthen the involved organizations' capabilities for innovation. The location for the study is the Stavanger region on the west coast of Norway, the European capital of culture in 2008. The results indicate that being a European capital of culture affected inter-industrial and intra-industrial knowledge spillovers, however only for a limited part of the cultural and creative sector.

The Role of Universities in Strengthening Local Capabilities for Innovation — A Comparative Case Study

This article reports on a comparative case study of the role played by local universities and public research organizations in the development of local capabilities for innovation in two key gateways to the North Sea oil and gas province: the Stavanger region on the southwest coast of Norway and the Aberdeen region in northeast Scotland. These two regions provide an ideal setting for a matched pair comparison, as the circumstances under which they developed into ‘oil capitals’ are strikingly similar. Despite circumstantial similarities, the local education and research organizations in the two regions embraced their ‘third role’ of engagement in regional development quite differently. While the education and research institutions in Stavanger developed relevant technological capabilities based on implicit and explicit coordination and collaboration with the local oil and gas industry, the Aberdeen institutions developed ties to industry not as a result of institutional efforts to respond to industrial needs, but rather through the actions of individual academics in a diverse range of disciplines. Two very different innovation systems emerged but so far, there is no evidence stating that one is more successful than the other in building strong and competitive regions.

Incidence of hospital referred head injuries in Norway: A population based survey from the Stavanger region

BackgroundIn three previous Norwegian studies conducted between 1974 and 1993, the annual incidence rates of hospital admitted head injuries were 236, 200 and 169 per 100,000 population. The aim of this study was to describe the incidence of head injury in the Stavanger region and to compare it with previous Norwegian studies.MethodsAll head injured patients referred to Stavanger University Hospital during a one-year period (2003) were registered in a partly prospective and partly retrospective study. The catchment area for the hospital is strictly defined to a local population of 283,317 inhabitants (2003).ResultsThe annual incidence rate was 207/100,000 population for hospital referred head injury and 157/100,000 population for hospital admitted head injury. High age- and sex specific incidence rates were observed among the oldest, and the highest rate (882/100,000) among men above 90 years. More than 50% of the injuries were caused by falls.ConclusionComparison with previous Norwegian studies indicates decreasing annual incidence rates for hospital admitted head injury during the last 30 years.

Alcohol use in the service industry

It is frequently alleged that hotel and restaurant personnel drink more than other groups in the service industry, although only indirect evidence has been presented to substantiate this allegation. This paper reports data from two surveys concerning alcohol use in different segments of the service industry. In the first study 84 students at three different colleges in the Stavanger region were interviewed concerning their alcohol habits using the screening instrument AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test). The second survey concentrated on service employees in the Rogaland area. One hundred and five respondents answered the AUDIT questionnaire in this study. The results showed that hotel and restaurant affiliated individuals scored significantly higher on the AUDIT than the other respondents. The first survey indicated that students at the Norwegian College of Hotel Management obtained significantly higher AUDIT scores than other groups of students, whereas the second survey indicated that restaurant workers scored significantly higher than employees in other branches of the service industry. Implications of these results, as well as future research demands were indicated.

Service Attitudes in Hotel and Restaurant Staff and Nurses

It is commonly believed that service attitudes are more positive in the private than in the public sector of the service industry. The problems are addressed here. The aim of the project was to study service attitudes in hotel and restaurant staff compared to nurses in public hospitals. An instrument for measuring service attitudes, the Service Attitude Questionnaire (SAQ) was developed. This instrument aimed at measuring cognitive, emotional and behavioural aspects of service attitudes. A total of 62 respondents in the Stavanger region, Norway, completed the SAQ. The results indicated that service attitudes were more positive in the private (hotel and restaurant staff) than in the public sector (registered nurses). Hotel and restaurant staff scored higher (more positive service attitudes) on the cognitive, emotional and behavioural components of the SAQ.

Introduction of potash during regional metamorphism in western New Hampshire

Research Article| February 01, 1938 Introduction of potash during regional metamorphism in western New Hampshire MARLAND BILLINGS MARLAND BILLINGS Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar GSA Bulletin (1938) 49 (2): 289–302. https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAB-49-289 Article history received: 10 Nov 1937 first online: 02 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation MARLAND BILLINGS; Introduction of potash during regional metamorphism in western New Hampshire. GSA Bulletin 1938;; 49 (2): 289–302. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAB-49-289 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract PROBLEMOne of the outstanding problems of regional metamorphism concerns the amount of material introduced from external sources. If material is added, it is necessary to determine the stage in the metamorphism when such introduction takes place and to discover the source of the added substances. Goldschmidt (1921) has shown, for example, that alkalis and silica have been added to argillaceous sediments in the Stavanger region of Norway, and Barth (1936) has made similar observations in Dutchess County, New York. In both areas the introduced elements were derived from nearby intrusives.In the Littleton and Moosilauke quadrangles of westernmost New Hampshire (Fig. 1) high-grade metamorphic rocks were developed without any notable introduction of material from external sources (Billings, 1937, p. 544–545). Farther east, however, after high-grade metamorphic rocks were formed by recrystallization, potash was locally introduced in large quantities. It is the purpose of this paper to present the . . . This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this article.

THE NORWEGIAN QUAKERS OF MARSHALL COUNTY, IOWA

THE NORWEGIAN QUAKERS OF MARSHALL COUNTY, IOWA BY H . F. SWANSEN Iowa holds an important place in the history of the Norwegian- American Quakers, for a large number of the adherents of that religious society located within its boundaries. The first of these Friends who came to the Hawkeye State settled in Lee County, in the southeastern corner of the state. Here in the well known Sugar Creek community, Ommund Olson in 1842 built a meetinghouse, which, according to one authority, was the first house of worship erected by Norse Friends in America.1 Norwegian Quakers also moved into other parts of Iowa; Henry, Mahaska, and Benton counties, for example. While these movements are interesting and important in tracing the spread of Norse settlements in the state, the meetings or congregations with which these immigrants affiliated were not Norwegian speaking. Besides, the number of Norwegians in these counties was small. The settlement in Marshall County, however, is significant as well as unique, for it became the largest center of Norwegian Quakerism in the United States. Furthermore, the meeting established there was Norwegian speaking. The first Norse Friend to take up his abode in Marshall County was S^ren Oleson, who settled near the town of Le Grand in 1858. This sturdy immigrant was a native of Stavanger, Norway, the center of Quakerism in that country and the city from which the first Norwegian emigrants of the nineteenth century embarked. Weary of the persecution to which he was subjected on account of his refusal to bear arms, he emigrated in the fall of 1854, when he was twenty1 John F. Hansen, Light and Shade from the Land of the Midnight Suns 71 (Oskaloosa, Iowa, 190S). 127 128 STUDIES AND RECORDS seven years of age. He tarried at Manitowoc, Wisconsin, until the spring of 1855, when he set out for the Sugar Creek settlement in Lee County, Iowa, where several Norwegian Quakers had already established homes. During the same year Oleson moved to the Friends community at Salem in Henry County, which adjoined Lee to the northwest. Here on September 22, 1858, he married Anna C. Ravnaas. As members of the Salem Meeting of Friends, the Olesons made the acquaintance of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas McCool, who owned a farm near Le Grand in Marshall County. Since Mrs. McCool was a minister in the Society of Friends, she and her husband traveled extensively. Unable to give personal attention to the many duties of his farm, McCool engaged Oleson for the work. Thus in 1858 S0ren Oleson and his wife migrated to Marshall County and they lived on the McCool farm for several years. Oleson then moved to a piece of land which he had previously purchased and made this his home. This was near Quarry, a community not far from Le Grand. Finding the soil fertile and the climate congenial, the Olesons soon wrote to friends about their attractive new home. In 1859 an old neighbor, Thore Heggem, came direct from Norway with his family and settled south of Le Grand. Before leaving his native land Heggem had been a member of the Stavanger Meeting of Friends. Two years later Christian Gimre with his family moved to Marshall County after a residence of several years at Primrose, Wisconsin. As a young man Gimre had worked in the city of Stavanger, Norway. In 1864 Mathias Huseboe and family, accompanied by several young people, settled in the neighborhood, and in the following year Tonnes K. Stangeland did likewise. Both the Huseboe group and Stangeland came from the Stavanger region of Norway where they had been active in Quaker circles. During the ten or twelve years after the arrival of S0ren Oleson, a large number of Norwegians arrived, THE NORWEGIAN QUAKERS 129 some from Illinois and Wisconsin, but the majority directly from Norway. The settlement was appropriately called Stavanger for the district in Norway from which most of its members originally came. It should not be confused with an older Stavanger settlement near Ossian in Winneshiek County, Iowa. A substantial addition was made to the community in 1869 when a company of about fifty Norwegian immigrants descended upon Le Grand. This group movement was the...