Statute Approach Research Articles

Pertanggungjawaban Pidana dan Penanggulangan Tindak Pidana Pencabulan terhadap anak

Introduction: This study discusses the legal regulation of the crime of molestation of children and the criminal liability of the perpetrators of the crime of molestation against children in the case.Purposes of the Research: To analyze and discuss legal regulations regarding criminal acts of molestation against children and explain criminal responsibility for perpetrators of criminal acts of molestation against children in Halong Baru, Baguala District, Ambon City.Methods of the Research: The research method used is normative juridical research. This research uses three problem approaches, namely the statutory approach, the conceptual approach and the case approach. The data sources obtained are primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. The technique for collecting legal materials uses the literature study method. All data in this study were analyzed qualitatively.Results of the Research: The results of this research show that, criminal responsibility for perpetrators of criminal acts of sexual abuse against children is a further consequence that must be accepted or borne by the defendant. During the trial process, the defendant was in good physical and mental health and no reason was found to erase the crime, in this case either a justifying reason or a forgiving reason, so that the defendant was able to take responsibility for the actions he committed. The efforts made to overcome acts of sexual abuse against children are carried out with preventive and repressive efforts by law enforcement and other institutions.

Tanggung Jawab Pelaku UMKM Sebagai Merchant Dalam E-commerce

Introduction: The dynamics of globalization and technological advances have changed the business world significantly, especially with rapid developments in the field of electronic commerce (e-commerce). Significant growth in this field is expected to make a positive contribution to the development of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) by expanding market access.Purposes of the Research: To find out and analyze the responsibilities of MSME actors as merchants in e-commerce.Methods of the Research: The legal research method used in studying this problem is normative juridical, which is based on primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials, and uses a statutory approach and a conceptual approach.Results of the Research: The results of this research show that quite a few business actors do not fulfill their obligations, namely being responsible for fulfilling consumer rights. The form of consumer rights that is violated by business actors in a food product for consumption by consumers is stated in Article 4 point (3) regarding the provision of correct and clear information about a product, goods and/or services. Therefore, business actors are obliged to follow food production standards and maintain product quality in order to meet consumer needs and satisfaction. To protect consumers from business actors whose rights are not fulfilled, the Consumer Protection Law provides protection to consumers in two forms, namely preventatively and repressively. By using strict liability, the application of absolute responsibility solves problems faced by consumers without the need to prove fault, so that consumer rights based on this responsibility can provide legal protection

Corporate Crime Liability: Beyond Rule Reform on Indonesia Criminal Policy

The acceptance of the corporation as the subject of a criminal act, causing problems in the accountability of corporate criminal acts, because of the existence of vague norms that cause injustice and uncertainty in its application. In this study, there are two main problems, namely regulation of corporate criminal liability in criminal law in Indonesia and the prospect of criminal law on the liability of corporate criminal acts in Indonesia from the perspective of ius constituendum. The research method used is a normative legal research method with a statutory approach, comparison study and legal concepts analysis. The results of the study are: (1) As a vague norm in the regulation of corporations as the subject of criminal acts that can be accounted for in the Criminal Code and several laws outside the Criminal Code have regulated corporations as the subject of criminal acts that can be accounted for in criminal law, (2) The prospect of regulating corporate criminal liability in the 2019 Draft Criminal Code has completely and firmly regulated corporations as the subject of criminal acts and can be accounted for in criminal law and accepts absolute criminal liability and certain substitute criminal liability.

Analysis of Legal Protection for Consumers in Trading Through Electronic Systems Based on Minister of Trade Regulation Number 31 of 2023

Trading Through Electronic Systems (PMSE) is a type of trading that is different from conventional trading because it uses an electronic systems. With the rapid advancement of technology, PMSE continues to grow with the emergence of various types of electronic trading. The purpose of this research is to analyze the types of trading through electronic systems and the legal protection provided to consumers engaging in PMSE based on Minister of Trade Regulation Number 31 of 2023. The method used in this research is normative legal research. Normative research involves a literature review with a statutory approach. The results of this study identify various types of PMSE according to Minister of Trade Regulation Number 31 of 2023, as well as several forms of legal protection for consumers participating in PMSE. However, the legal protection offered under this regulation still refers to the Consumer Protection Act. This aspect requires updating, considering the diverse types and forms of PMSE that have emerged.

Agrarian Conflicts After the Establishment of the Land Bank Agency in Indonesia

The establishment of the Land Bank in Indonesia may lead to conflicts of interest and the existence of customary land may be forgotten for reasons of land stateisation. The process of acquiring customary land for reasons of stateisation may affect the legal protection of indigenous peoples' rights. This article examines agrarian conflicts after the establishment of the Land Bank Agency and the legal protection of indigenous peoples' land. This research is examined using the normative juridical method with a statutory approach. The results of the study found that the concept of the Land Bank is in contrast to agrarian reform in terms of land acquisition operations, because land can be obtained through the transfer of land ownership by the state which is intended for investment and infrastructure development. The government needs to improve the land sector Job Creation Law and the legal regulations of the Land Bank, the government must revise the rules related to the Land Bank so that this institution can maintain a balance of land utilisation for various interests fairly. The Land Bank should be a representative of the state to protect vulnerable groups of people, one of which is indigenous peoples. Then the community must be pro-active in applying for a Material Test on articles that have negative potential, especially the regulation of land stateisation in the Job Creation Law and the legal rules regarding the Land Bank in an effort to consolidate guarantees and justifications for land rights over indigenous peoples.

PROTECTION OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL LAND AND FOOD (PLP2B) AS AN INDONESIAN STRATEGY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGs): BANYUWANGI AGRARIAN CONFLICT STUDY, INDONESIA

Agrarian conflict is inevitable, considering that Indonesia is known as an agricultural country. One of the agrarian conflicts that takes place continuously is the conflict that occurred in Banyuwangi, namely between PT. Bumi Sari with the Farmers Pillar of Pakel Village. This conflict involves the Company and civil society. The purpose of this study is to analyze the authority of the Banyuwangi local government in realizing the Protection of Agricultural Land and Food (PLP2B) in reducing agrarian conflicts as an effort to create Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Banyuwangi, Indonesia. This study actualizes the juridical normative model with the types of statute approach and conceptual approach. The study consisted of primary data and secondary data. Primary data comprises PLP2B, SPPN, PPA, and Regional Government Law, while secondary data contains various journls and books. Data analysis includes data collection, data reduction, and conclusions drawn. The data analysis of this study uses the theory of autonomy. Concluding uses an inductive pattern (generalization). The study results stated that after enacting the Job Creation Law, which imposed PSN (National Strategic Program), it could precede PLP2B in running a program. The Banyuwangi local government has the authority to ratify the PLP2B Law through the function of regional autonomy as an implication of the concept of decentralization in Indonesia’s government system. The Banyuwangi Regency government should optimize this function to create regulations or programs that have a relationship or correlation with the resolution of agrarian conflicts.

The Meaning of the Principle of Local Wisdom in Management and Protection Law Environment Indonesia

Purpose: The principle of local wisdom is one of the legal principles contained in the Law on Environmental Management andProtection (UUPPLH). This principle implies that environmental management is not only based on modern values or modern Western philosophyrelatedto human rights and globalization,but also places the wisdomoflocal communities or indigenous peoples, as part of it. The management and protection of the environment that has been oriented towards the principles of modern development principles has created acute problems for environmental management and conservation, namely the problems of exploration and exploitation, conservation or logging, which have resulted in environmental damage. Retracing the meaning of the principle of local wisdom, helps to explain how local wisdom becomes the lifeblood of environmental management and conservation. Through a multi-disciplinary approach or using a mixed legal approach (mixed method), namely the use of more than one approach, namely the philosophical approach, conceptual approach and statutory approach, this model is more triangulation approach. The results obtained, that the principle of Local Wisdom is not a mere formal meaning, or only textual recognition, but explains further about the way of life, mindset, values, and culture, idiology that manifests in the behavior - ethical Indonesian society, about its relationship with the environment guided by spiritual rules, or something that forms and leads to "cosmic consciousness". Through this cosmic consciousness, cultural pluralism becomes an invaluable wealth in protecting and maintaining the environment. In the midst of the onslaught of globalization and digitalization, the cosmic consciousness of indigenous peoples is the main foundation of local wisdom, which actually rests on what is referred to as "pre established harmony". Method: First is the philosophical method, which examines and analyzes the position ofprinciples in the EnvironmentalManagementand Protection Law,this methodis used to obtain the essence or meaning (essential) and function of principles for the Development of Environmental Law; (2) Conceptual method, this method helps explain theconcepts usedas the basis for research/writing by presenting currentissues related to the principles in UUPPLH, and (3) Regulatory method, this method is used to explain normatively the essence of UUPPLH, especially the substance of several provisions reviewed in this paper/research. Data analysis uses analytical triangulation, namely various analyses used to explain one particular phenomenon, namely the principle of local wisdom will be studied and dissected through philosophical analysis. Results: The principle of local wisdom in the Law on Environmental Management and Protection has several meanings that philosophically touch the inner aspects of Indonesian society, that (1) The principle of local wisdom in UUPPLH, is not just formally interpreted, but is an essential meaning that describes the reality of Indonesian people's thinking about their relationship with their lives and the environment, namely thinking that is cosmic, integral and intact. (2) The meaning of the principle of local wisdom is the driving force and struggle of the people who have struggled to get recognition from the state, that the rights of indigenous peoples are important things to continue to be protected and maintained (3) The principle of local wisdom in UUPPLH, illustrates the diversity of the values of indigenous peoples spread in many regions, is a wealth owned by the community with a diversity of cultures, values and religions that underlie their lives with the surrounding environment, which forms a plural consciousness. (MIFR) (AFS) (AS).

Urgensi Pengaturan Bentuk Perjanjian Tertulis Antara Biro Penyelenggara Umrah Dengan Jemaah Umrah

the purpose of writing this article is to discuss the urgency of arranging a written Umrah departure agreement. The study uses a normative juridical method with a statutory approach and an analytical approach. Law Number 18 of 2019 concerning the Implementation of the Hajj and Umrah Pilgrimage does not require written agreements so that problems often arise that are detrimental to the congregation. Collaboration between the bureau and the umrah congregation can run smoothly if the agreement is implemented in writing. This is to reduce the risk of fraud or other things that could harm one or both parties. A written agreement provides more legal certainty and protection to the parties which is used as a guide for the bureau and the congregation to act in accordance with what was promised

Legal Protection of Siri Wives Who Have Not Been Registered at the Dukcapil

A siri marriage is a marriage carried out in accordance with Islamic law, but not officially recorded at the Office of Religious Affairs (KUA) or other government institutions. In other words, this marriage is valid religiously, but not recognized by state law. Siri marriages that are not registered in Dukcapil place wives in a vulnerable position to legal injustice. This research aims to find out and examine the legal protection for Siri wives who have not been registered in Dukcapil. This research is a type of normative legal research. This research uses a statutory approach, this research also uses secondary and primary data so that the research results prove that it is based on law. This research shows that a form of legal protection for unregistered wives can actually be included in one family but only records that the marriage has occurred. And in the KK there will be written the statement "marriage has not been registered"

The preparation of the budget planning of the Rembang regency local government

The function of the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) is manifested in 3 (three) things, namely: the legislation function, the budget function, and the supervisory function. In particular, the function of the district/city DPRD is regulated in Article 149 paragraph (1) of Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government (hereinafter referred to as the Regional Government Law) which states that the district/city DPRD has the function of forming district/city Regional Regulations, budgets, and supervision. Problem 1. What is the effectiveness of the main points of thought in the preparation of budget planning in Rembang Regency? 2. What are the factors that affect the effectiveness of the main points of thought in the preparation of budget planning in Rembang Regency? This research is categorized as an empirical (non-doctrinal) legal research that mainly examines the position of the main points of thought of the DPRD in the Rembang Regency RKPD by comparing the situation in the field with the laws and regulations (statute approach). The results of the study show that the effectiveness of the DPRD's Points of Thought in the preparation of budget planning in Rembang Regency is highly dependent on the synergy between the DPRD, the local government, and the community. As an instrument of representation of community aspirations conveyed through members of the DPRD, the Principles of the DPRD plays an important role in ensuring that the needs and priorities of the development of the Rembang community are accommodated in the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD), so that the Principles of the DPRD can function optimally, a mechanism that is well coordinated with the results of the Development Plan Deliberation (Musrenbang) is needed, so that there is no overlap in programs. 2. Factors that affect the effectiveness of Points of Thought (Pokir) in the preparation of budget planning in Rembang Regency are very diverse and interrelated. First, the quality of community participation is a key factor. The high participation of the community in the process of collecting aspirations through the Development Plan Deliberation (Musrenbang) will produce Pokir that is more relevant and in accordance with real needs in the field.

Regulation Act of Torture in Criminal Code: Opportunity and Challenge to Improve Human Rights Situation in Indonesia

This research aims to analyze the opportunities and challenges with regulating the criminal act of torture in Law No. 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code (KUHP). The provisions regarding the criminal act of torture in the Criminal Code certainly open up opportunities in efforts to eliminate the practice of torture in Indonesia. The provisions of Article 530 of the current Criminal Code and the explanatory section stipulate that this article directly derives from the provisions in the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. On the other hand, all efforts and mechanisms to eliminate the practice of torture in Indonesia still require many steps to be taken. This research was conducted using a normative juridical method with a statutory approach. This research also provides an explanation of several gaps from previous similar studies by explaining several novel analyses, such as: (1) the application of sanctions to perpetrators must be adjusted to the provisions of international instruments, (2) revision of various articles in the Criminal Procedure Code which has the potential to perpetuate the practice of torture, and (3) the urgency to ratify the Optional Protocol to the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (OPCAT). The conclusion of this research is an explanation that the regulation of criminal acts of torture in the provisions of the new Criminal Code needs to be appreciated, but of course it is not enough. The state must have high commitment and political will to revise the Criminal Procedure Code openly and involve the community, ratify OPCAT, implement national legal provisions, and ensure law enforcement against perpetrators.

Restorative Justice di Tingkat Kepolisian atas Tindak Pidana Balapan Liar yang dilakukan oleh Anak: Studi di Wilayah Kepolisian Resor Kota Sampang

This study is designed to understand how the application and implementation of restorative justice serve as a last resort principle for handling cases of illegal street racing committed by minors in the Sampang City Police jurisdiction. The approach used in this study is the empirical juridical method, involving the Conceptual Approach and the Statute Approach. The research questions addressed in this study are: (1) How is restorative justice implemented at the police level for handling cases of illegal street racing committed by minors (a study in the Sampang City Police area)? (2) What are the challenges and efforts in implementing restorative justice at the police level for cases of illegal street racing committed by minors (a study in the Sampang City Police area)? According to the study’s findings, the conclusions are as follows: The first research question explores the implementation and process of restorative justice carried out by the Sampang City Police for cases of illegal street racing by minors. The second research question reveals various obstacles in the implementation of restorative justice at the police level concerning cases of illegal street racing involving minors. Additionally, efforts are being made by the police to prevent illegal street racing committed by minors.

Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Debitur Pailit Untuk Mewujudkan Asas Kelangsungan Usaha Pada Masa Covid-19

Introduction: The Covid-19 pandemic has had so many impacts on social life, especially in the economic field, many debtors are experiencing difficulties in paying their debts because of Covid-19, Law Number 37 of 2004 concerning bankruptcy and suspension of debt payment obligations as a settlement of bankruptcy disputes becomes alternative in the debtor's efforts so that the debtor gets out of bankruptcy and can resume his business.Purposes of the Research: The purpose of this paper is to find out the factors that led to debtors going bankrupt during the Covid-19 period and efforts to protect debtors who are experiencing bankruptcy so they can continue their business again.Methods of the Research: The type of research used in this paper is normative legal research. As for answering the problems in this study, the authors use three approaches to the problem, namely the statutory approach (statute approach), and conceptual approach (conceptual approach). The procedure for collecting legal materials carried out by the author is by searching for and collecting laws and regulations related to the legal issues at hand. Legislation in this case includes both legislation and regulation. Analysis of legal material uses qualitative methods, namely studies related to legal norms contained legislation and legal norms that exist in society.Results of the Research: The results of this study indicate that the factors that influence bankrupt debtors during the Covid-19 period, namely, General Factors and External and Internal Factors, in an effort to protect debtors from continuing their business are preventive and repressive with the orientation of applying Force Majuere, debt restructuring and providing justice for bankrupt debitor.

Management of Tanah Laba Pura as a Supporting Facility for Tourism in Ubud Village

ABSTRACT This paper aims to find an ideal concept in managing Tanah laba pura to support tourism and provide benefits for the temple itself and for tourism. The problems discussed are how the conversion of Tanah laba pura is used as a means of supporting tourism and how the legal protection of Tanah laba pura is used as a means of supporting tourism in Ubud Village. The type of research used is empirical legal research, with a statute approach, a conceptual approach, and a sociological legal approach. The sources of research data are primary and secondary data sources. Furthermore, it is analyzed using sociological or teleological interpretation analysis techniques. The results of the study show that the benefits of converting Tanah laba pura in Ubud Village are to repair and maintain the temple building, to cover all religious ceremonial activities of the temple such as piodalan, to help the krama desa in the cost of repairing and maintaining the temple building, and to support tourism facilities in improving the quality of tourism in Ubud. Legal protection of temple land used as a means of supporting tourism in Ubud Village is regulated in the Decree of the Minister of Home Affairs No. SK.556/DJA/1986, where temples are declared as state legal entities that can own land with ownership rights

Tanggungjawab Negara Arab Saudi Dalam Pelanggaran Terhadap Hukum Diplomatik

Introduction: Countries in the world that live side by side must establish cooperative relations with one another. Relations between these countries require various rules so as to give birth to diplomatic and consular provisions, namely in the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations and the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations. However, it is undeniable that even though it has been regulated in such a way, violations of the provisions of international law cannot be avoided because they are closely related to human relations. For example, the violations committed by Saudi Arabia.Purposes of the Research: This writing aims to find out the violations of Diplomatic Law committed and the form of accountability that must be fulfilled by Saudi ArabiaMethods of the Research: Using Normative Legal Research Type. This type of research will be carried out by examining and analyzing primary and secondary legal sources that are related to the problem being studied using a statute approach, a case approach, and a conceptual approach.Results of the Research: Based on this research, it can be concluded that Saudi Arabia has been proven to have violated diplomatic law by violating various principles that regulate the course of relations between countries and the provisions of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations and the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations. Thus, based on the provisions of the Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, Saudi Arabia can be held responsible for its mistakes in the form of giving restitution, compensation, or actions that cause satisfaction, for example, a formal apology

Violations Committed by Israel in Armed Conflicts Under International Humanitarian Law

Introductioan: War has various aims and objectives, including under the pretext of self-defense to defend life, family, honor or to defend one's nation, to ideological issues. The wars that occur also often violate international humanitarian law. One of them is between Israel and Hamas.Purposes of the Research: To find out violations of international humanitarian law committed by IsraelMethods of the Research: This research uses an normative juridical research method. Normative Juridical Research is research on Norms, Principles, Rules and Principles based on statutory regulations related to the problem being studied. The approaches used are the statutory approach, the conceptual approach, and case aprroach.Results of the Research: The results of the research show that according to international humanitarian law, violations committed by Israel in armed conflict involve actions that violate the principles of protection of civilians and civilian infrastructure. Humanitarian law, as set out in the Geneva Conventions, prohibits attacks on non-combatants and requires protection of vital facilities such as hospitals and schools, as well as access to humanitarian aid.

Legal Protection For Consumers Related To The Circulation Of Hard Drugs By Unlicensed Drug Stores In Indonesia

One of the aspects of welfare that must be achieved in line with the national aspirations of Indonesia is public health, which is acknowledged as a fundamental right governed by the 1945 Constitution. However, there is a growing risk of hard drug misuse due to people's inclination to self-medicate without a prescription. Government Regulation Number 51 of 2009 and Law Number 17 of 2023 stipulate that only pharmacists with a prescription from a doctor are authorized to administer hard substances. Nonetheless, it is still common for illicit drug outlets to offer strong pharmaceuticals to customers without a prescription, which puts their health at risk. This study employs a normative juridical methodology that combines a case-based and statutory approach. Despite the legal protections for consumers regulated in Law Number 8 of 1999 (UUPK), many consumers do not understand their rights and obligations, so they are vulnerable to fraud and health risks. The findings of this research indicate the need for increased public awareness and stricter law enforcement to protect consumers from the misuse of hard drugs. As well as supervision by BPOM and the Public Health Office as an effort to control the circulation of hard drugs without a doctor's prescription, which are sold in drug stores that do not have a business license.

Arbitration as a Medical Dispute Resolution Method under Indonesian Positive Law

Medical disputes arising from conflicts between patients and doctors/dentists can be addressed through litigation or non-litigation channels. Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning health mandates that all medical disputes must first be resolved through Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) outside of court. The aim of this paper is to analyze ADR as a method of resolving medical disputes in Indonesia and to examine the legality and potential of arbitration as a dispute resolution method under Indonesian law. The benefits of this study include providing a juridical understanding of medical dispute resolution according to Indonesia’s positive law and contributing to the field of health law. The study addresses the ambiguity and conflict of norms related to medical dispute resolution by employing normative legal research with a statute approach, supported by descriptive and evaluative analysis. The results indicate that, according to Article 310 of Law Number 17 of 2023, medical disputes must be resolved through non-litigation channels. Among the available ADR methods, arbitration offers advantages over mediation due to its binding final decision, making it more efficient for both parties. The legal foundation for arbitration in medical dispute resolution is outlined in Law Number 30 of 1999 concerning arbitration and alternative dispute resolution. Consequently, arbitration presents a new paradigm for resolving medical disputes in accordance with Indonesian positive law.

Legal Analysis of the Legal Consequences of a Deed of Sale and Purchase Agreement (PPJB) for Land Ownership Rights That is Unilaterally Cancelled

It is undeniable that problems still often occur in society regarding PPJB deeds, one of which is the unilateral cancellation of PPJB deeds which can have legal consequences for the parties. This study aims to examine the legal regulations regarding the cancellation of PPJB deeds of land ownership rights, as well as the legal consequences of PPJB deeds that are unilaterally canceled. The legal research method uses a normative juridical research method with laws and regulations and legal writings as legal materials. The research approach used in this study is the statutory approach and the conceptual approach. Data analysis uses qualitative data analysis. The results of this study are: first, the legal regulations regarding the cancellation of PPJB deeds are regulated in the Civil Code, namely that unilateral cancellation is justified by law if the parties to an agreement expressly agree to set aside the provisions of Article 1266 of the Civil Code under any conditions, on condition that it must be based on a judge's decision. Unilateral cancellation of an agreement due to default without a Judge's decision is not a problem as long as the other party also accepts the decision, but if one party refuses to be accused of default, then the parties submit to the Judge to assess whether or not there is a default. Second, the consequences of the cancellation of the agreement are regulated in Articles 1451 and 1452 of the Civil Code, where the legal consequences are to return the situation to its original position as it was before the agreement was made. In the cancellation of the PPJB deed, the seller has an obligation to return the amount of money that has been paid by the buyer minus the costs that have been incurred by the seller, while the buyer must pay a fine to the seller due to the default that was made.

Law Concept related to Limitation Freedom of Contract Marriage Agreement in Indonesia

In this thesis, the author analyzes the legal obscurity of the limitations on the contents of Marriagel Agreement, which of course has an impact on legal certainty itself, especially regarding the parties' freedom of contract. This is because there is no further explanation regarding the words law, religion and morality in Article 29 paragraph 2 of the Marriage Law, so that if they are defined generally, according to the opinion of experts, they certainly have different meanings. The different meanings of several experts have an impact on the public's lack of understanding regarding these boundaries. Based on this obscurity, the author formulates a problem formulations, what is the ideal concept of setting limits on freedom of contract marriage agreement in indonesia?. The research method used in writing this thesis uses conceptual approach, statute approach and comparative approach by making a comparison with California. Using this method, it can be concluded that Regulations related to marriage agreements need to be amended regarding the regulation of limitations on the contents of marriage agreements, because there have been cases due to the extensive limitations on the contents of marriage agreements in Indonesia which have created uncertainty regarding marriage agreements. There are several concepts for changes in the regulation of marriage agreements in Indonesia, namely the existence of special regulations, the distinction between prenuptial agreements and marriage agreements, and the creation of details related to limitations.