Widowed Status Research Articles

New Directions in Hispanic Jewish Studies: Early Modern Jewish and Conversa Women

ABSTRACT Increasing recognition of the integral role that religious and ethnic “others”—Jews and Muslims—played in the development of Iberian culture has become more integrated into the study of Spanish Empire, with an eye toward the converso experience in the colonial world as well. A much less developed line of inquiry relates to the experiences of those at the margins of sixteenth-century society, especially Jewish and conversa women, who were navigating unprecedented circumstances as refugees and New Christians. The disintegration of early modern women’s personal, familial, and communal foundations often left them in the most vulnerable positions; widows, who were not protected by the confines of marriage, experienced poverty and Inquisitorial accusations more often than others. Both Jewish and Spanish legal records feature a disproportionate number of cases related to the status of widows in a tumultuous society; some of the most compelling sources are Inquisition records that document the accounts of judaizing widows on trial. These new directions at the intersection of Jewish and Hispanic studies start broader conversations about Spanish Empire that include marginalized voices and exclude notions of imperial homogeneity.

Do All Patients Benefit From the Soothing Properties of a Conversational Nursing Intervention to Reduce Symptom Burden During Outpatient Chemotherapy?: A Multimethod Secondary Analysis.

Soothing conversation (SC) is particularly promising for symptom management during outpatient chemotherapy. However, we know little about the profile of patients who are most likely to benefit from this intervention. To gain a better understanding of the profile of patients most likely to benefit from SC to reduce symptom burden during outpatient chemotherapy. We performed a multimethod secondary analysis of 2 data sets: the first gathered during a quantitative pilot trial investigating the impact of SC on patients' symptom fluctuations during chemotherapy perfusion (n = 24); the second derived from qualitative interviews about nurses' experiences with SC in this context (n = 6). Secondary quantitative analysis suggests that symptom control with SC is more effective in older patients, reporting lower education, widowed status, work incapacity, advanced cancer, and undergoing chemotherapy perfusion for less than 1 hour. According to nurses' interviews, SC could best benefit patients (1) prone to anxiety and fear, (2) with unalleviated pain, (3) who are unaccompanied during treatment, and contrary to what was shown with quantitative data, (4) undergoing longer perfusion duration. Although this study provides valuable insights, much work remains to be done to fully understand the factors that predispose patients to respond positively to SC during outpatient chemotherapy. This study extends previous research on the effectiveness of SC for symptom management during outpatient chemotherapy by comparing nurses' experience with the intervention to patients' results. Results could be used to inform the assignment and delivery of supportive communication-based interventions during chemotherapy protocols.

Factors associated with delays in care of suspicious lung nodules at an academic medical center.

e13705 Background: Shorter time to lung cancer diagnosis and treatment are associated with improved outcomes. Here, we assessed factors contributing to delays in each phase of care to identify targets for improving the timeliness of suspicious lung nodule care in a diverse patient population. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients evaluated for suspicious lung nodules at an academic medical center from 2020 to 2022. Patients with presumed or proven stage I/II lung cancer were included. Patients with stage III/IV and non-primary lung cancers were excluded. Multivariable Cox regressions were performed. Results: Of 157 patients, mean age was 70±8.6 years, 59% were female, and 53% were Black. Most lung nodules were biopsied bronchoscopically (61%) or surgically (26%). Most (83%) nodules were stage I/II non-small cell lung cancer, 10.2% were benign and 4.4% were other. Treatment was surgery in 48% and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in 41%. Median intervals were 4 (IQR 0-18) days from nodule identification to referral, 7 (IQR 3-14) days from referral to consultation, 20 (IQR 12-34) days from consultation to biopsy, 4 (IQR 2-6) days from biopsy to diagnosis, and 28 (IQR 8-43) days from diagnosis to treatment initiation. Multivariable Cox regression showed that longer time from referral to diagnosis (TTD) was associated with Black race, widowed status, and referral > 1 year from the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Longer time from referral to treatment (TTT) was associated with female gender, widowed status, 4th Area Deprivation Index (ADI) quartile, frailty, BMI > 18.5, ECOG performance status < 2, bronchoscopic biopsy, and initial treatment with SBRT. Longer time from consultation to biopsy was associated with female gender, widowed status, frailty, no cardiovascular disease, and living >12.5 miles from the hospital. Longer time from diagnosis to treatment was associated with Medicaid, referral > 1 year from the start of the pandemic, cardiovascular disease, and SBRT. Conclusions: The longest delays in lung nodule care are associated with time from consultation to biopsy and from diagnosis to treatment. Efforts to address disparities and modifiable factors could improve the timeliness of care for patients with suspicious lung nodules. [Table: see text]

Clinical characteristics and independent prognostic factors of patients with mantle cell lymphoma over last two decades with a focus on the interaction between tumor stage and age.

e19065 Background: Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) poses challenges in clinical management due to its rarity and aggressiveness. Understanding its epidemiology and outcomes is crucial. This study examines demographic and clinicopathologic profiles of 746 MCL patients in the USA from 2000-2015, focusing on the interplay between age and tumor stage. Methods: Using SEER data, this retrospective study analyzes demographic and clinical variables to assess mortality risks. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models evaluate overall mortality (OM) and MCL-specific mortality (CSM), identifying independent prognostic factors (HR >1). The study explores age-tumor stage interaction. Results: Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis revealed age as pivotal, with those ≥80 facing higher risks for overall mortality (HR=3.93) and MCL-related mortality (HR=4.02) . Advanced Ann Arbor staging (II, III, IV) predicts heightened risks for both mortality types. Widowed status significantly influences outcomes ,with widowed individuals facing notably higher risks of overall mortality (HR=1.85) and MCL-related mortality (HR=1.81).Stage II and age groups 60-79 and ≥80 show substantial mortality risks, with similar trends in Stage IV combined with these age groups. Intriguingly, Stage III lacks significant age interactions, suggesting heterogeneous clinical profiles and treatment responses compared to patients in Stages II and IV. Therefore, the influence of age on mortality outcomes may be obscured by the complexities inherent in Stage III disease presentation and management. Conclusions: This study underscores age, staging, and marital status as key factors influencing MCL mortality. Widowed status emerges as notable, emphasizing social support's importance. Integrating these insights into clinical practice can enhance risk stratification and guide tailored interventions for improved outcomes. Our findings, particularly the lack of significant interactions between Stage III and age groups, highlight the intricate interplay between age and disease stage in MCL patients. This observation prompts us to advocate for further research aimed at elucidating the underlying mechanisms driving these complex interactions. Understanding the biological and clinical factors that influence the relationship between age and disease stage could provide valuable insights into MCL pathogenesis and progression. Further research in this area is warranted to inform personalized therapeutic approaches and ultimately enhance patient care and outcomes.

WIDOWS IN PUBLIC SPACE: REPRESENTATION AND SOCIAL REALITY

The existence of widowed women is still surrounded by stigma, especially regarding their activities in public spaces. A bad impression that still lingers in many people's minds towards a widow is that when she leaves the house for work or other activities she is always perceived as looking for a new husband. On the other hand, if a widow stays at home most of the time and doesn't work, she is considered a weak woman. This paper examines the form of societal stigma regarding the existence of widows, the economic behavior of widows, and their vision of the future. The results of the research show that the five women with widow status in Lasusua, North Kolaka Regency as the unit of analysis, in reality each of them has creative economic behavior and a vision of life that believes that all problems must have a solution. In their status as single parents, they are able to survive and send their children to school in the hope of achieving a better life in the future.

Impact of Clinical and Sociodemographic Factors on Quality of Life Following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is an essential surgical management modality for patients with coronary artery disease. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has become important because of the significant decrease in the mortality rate associated with CABG. We aimed to explore the factors that affect the quality of life after CABG. This study used a descriptive correlational design to assess the determinants of HRQoL using the 36-item Short Form Health Survey questionnaire (SF-36). Patients who underwent CABG at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, between March 2015 and December 2021 were enrolled in this study. Overall, 275 participants were eligible for our study, of which 84 were found to be valid for analysis. Phone contacts were made directly with the patient after briefly explaining the study. Scores and clinical data were investigated using multivariable linear regression analysis. Subscales of role limitations due to physical issues had the lowest mean scores, followed by vitality and general health (57.4 ± 44.7; 60.4 ± 25.6; 64.1 ± 22.6), respectively. However, social functioning (78.9 ± 29.0) and pain (75.1 ± 29.9) had the highest scores of all subscales. A history of congestive heart failure (CHF) was independently associated with lower scores for physical role limitations (p = 0.021), vitality (p = 0.001), general health (p< 0.001), and mental health (p = 0.011). Lower mental health scores were also predicted by being a widow (p = 0.030), whereas lower general health scores were predicted by being unemployed (p = 0.001) and having a peripheral vascular disease (PVD) (p = 0.043). Additionally, the development of postoperative complications was an independent predictor of lower physical functioning (p = 0.028) and vitality (p = 0.043). Regarding the number of grafts, cardiopulmonary bypass, and cross-clamp time, no significant impact was found on any of the SF-36 subscales (p> 0.05). The postoperative decline in HRQoL was attributed to comorbidities such as CHFand PVD, postoperative complications including bleeding and wound infection, as well as unemployment and widowed status. Therefore, choosing the appropriate patients for surgery and post-discharge follow-up may enhance HRQoL.

Antara Stigma dan Realitas Sosial: Status Janda Dalam Pandangan Masyarakat Desa

The negative stigma that circulates makes people still view widow status with a negative view, even the status is sometimes considered a disgrace. This study aims to describe the society's view of women who have widow status. The theory used in this research is labelling theory. The research approach used is descriptive qualitative, with the type of field research. Semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and content analysis were the data collection techniques used. The research was conducted in Jelapat I Village, Tamban sub-district, Barito Kuala Regency. The data analysis technique went through the stages of data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results show that the majority of people in Jelapat I Village have a positive view of widows. The stigma and negative labels that are always attached to widows do not make the community necessarily view widows with a negative view. Widows are given the freedom to do anything in their daily lives without feeling alienated. The community agrees that as long as widows do not engage in deviant behaviour and violate established norms, their status in society is the same. Even so, there is still a small part of the community that views widows negatively. These community members still believe that widows are seducers of their husbands. It can be concluded that the majority of people in Desa Jelapat I already have an open mind and do not discriminate against women just because of their status as widows. It is hoped that communities in other areas that still hold negative stigmas can follow the example of the people of Jelapat I Village who do not necessarily negatively label widows.

Risk Factors for Depression in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a widespread chronic condition. Depression frequently occurs among patients with KOA. The objective of this meta-analysis was to identify risk factors associated with comorbid depression in patients with KOA. A comprehensive search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases was conducted for studies related to comorbid depression in patients with KOA. We conducted statistical analyses to obtain relevant results, followed by heterogeneity tests and assessment for publication bias. The prevalence of comorbid depression among patients with KOA was 34% (95% CI, 28%-41%). Notable risk factors linked to comorbid depression in patients with KOA included female sex (relative risk [RR], 1.17; 95% CI, 1.11-1.23), obesity (mean difference [MD], 1.30; 95% CI, 0.88-1.71), use of analgesics (RR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.38-1.63), comorbidities (MD, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.10-0.31), unmarried or widowed status (RR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.56-1.91), bilateral knee pain (RR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.11-1.71), high total Western Ontario and Mc-Master Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) score (MD, 14.92; 95% CI, 10.02-19.82), high WOMAC pain score (MD, 5.76; 95% CI, 2.86-8.67), low gait velocity (MD, -0.12; 95% CI, -0.16 to -0.09), and extended duration in the Timed Up and Go Test (MD, 1.56; 95% CI, 0.87-2.25). Based on the current evidence, female sex, obesity, use of analgesics, comorbidities, unmarried or widowed status, bilateral knee pain, high total WOMAC score, high WOMAC pain score, low gait velocity, and prolonged time on the Timed Up and Go Test were identified as risk factors for depression in patients with KOA. Focus should be given to these aspects when preventing depression among these patients. [Orthopedics. 2024;47(5):e225-e232.].

The Impact of Prostate-Specific Antigen Screening on Prostate Cancer Incidence and Mortality in China: 13-Year Prospective Population-Based Cohort Study.

The status of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening is unclear in China. Evidence regarding the optimal frequency and interval of serial screening for prostate cancer (PCa) is disputable. This study aimed to depict the status of PSA screening and to explore the optimal screening frequency for PCa in China. A 13-year prospective cohort study was conducted using the Chinese Electronic Health Records Research in Yinzhou study's data set. A total of 420,941 male participants aged ≥45 years were included between January 2009 and June 2022. Diagnosis of PCa, cancer-specific death, and all-cause death were obtained from the electronic health records and vital statistic system. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs were estimated using Cox regression analysis. The cumulative rate of ever PSA testing was 17.9% with an average annual percent change (AAPC) of 8.7% (95% CI 3.6%-14.0%) in the past decade in China. People with an older age, a higher BMI, higher waist circumference, tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking behaviors, higher level of physical activity, medication use, and comorbidities were more likely to receive PSA screening, whereas those with a lower education level and a widowed status were less likely to receive the test. People receiving serial screening ≥3 times were at a 67% higher risk of PCa detection (HR 1.67; 95% CI 1.48-1.88) but a 64% lower risk of PCa-specific mortality (HR 0.36; 95% CI 0.18-0.70) and a 28% lower risk of overall mortality (HR 0.72; 95% CI 0.67-0.77). People following a serial screening strategy at least once every 4 years were at a 25% higher risk of PCa detection (HR 1.25; 95% CI 1.13-1.36) but 70% (HR 0.30; 95% CI 0.16-0.57) and 23% (HR 0.77; 95% CI 0.73-0.82) lower risks of PCa-specific and all-cause mortality, respectively. This study reveals a low coverage of PSA screening in China and provides the first evidence of its benefits in the general Chinese population. The findings of this study indicate that receiving serial screening at least once every 4 years is beneficial for overall and PCa-specific survival. Further studies based on a nationwide population and with long-term follow-up are warranted to identify the optimal screening interval in China.

Socio-cultural Status of Widows: A Case Study of Myanglung Municipality Ward No. 1 and 2 Tehrathum District

Socio-cultural Status of Widows: A Case Study of Myanglung Municipality Ward No. 1 and 2 Tehrathum District

MARITAL STATUS TRANSITIONS AND INFLAMMATION DURING MID AND LATER LIFE: EVIDENCE FROM THE HEALTH AND RETIREMENT STUDY

Abstract Research has increasingly utilized inflammatory markers to understand how social factors influence health, yet little research to date has examined marital status, or–crucially–later-life changes to marital status in relation to inflammation. Further, few studies have examined variation in such associations by gender, race/ethnicity, or age. We used data from the 2016 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) Venous Blood Study (n=9,933), which captures five inflammatory markers: C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin IL-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF). Information concerning marital status came from the 2014 and 2016 waves of HRS, to ascertain stability of and changes to marital status over 2 years. Interactions were examined between marital status/transition groups and participants’ gender, age, and race/ethnicity. Overall, results were consistent across outcomes. Across 4 of 5 outcomes, the Newly Widowed and Never Married exhibited higher inflammation than the Continuously Married. Further, relationships between Continuously Widowed status and higher CRP and IL-6, and between Newly Widowed status and higher IL-1Ra, were present only for men. The association of Continuously Widowed status with higher CRP and IL-6 weakened with age, as did the effect of Newly Married status on IL-6. No clear patterns were identified concerning interactions with race/ethnicity. Findings indicate that marital transitions may have potential to harm physiological health. Negative consequences of widowhood for inflammation were also greater for men than for women, yet these harms may be attenuated at older ages when widowhood is an “on-time” rather than an “off-time” event.

Stigma perception and determinants among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Iraq

Background and purposeDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Stigma is a sign of social disgrace occurring within public relations, and it is linked with many health conditions including diabetes. Stigma could worsen the disease course, reduce treatment adherence, and affect the quality of life of diabetic patients. The objective of this study was to assess the magnitude of diabetic stigma among patients with type 2 DM.MethodsIn this analytic cross-sectional study, data collection was performed from June 1, 2022, until November 1, 2022, et al.-Najaf City, Iraq. A consecutive sample of 429 patients with type 2 DM was interviewed using the Arabic version of the type 2 Diabetes Stigma Assessment Scale (DSAS-2), which is a validated tool. The total diabetic stigma score, treated differently score, self-stigma score, and blame and judgment score were estimated.ResultsThe mean age of the sample was 56.6 years, and males represented 61.8% of them. The total diabetic stigma score mean was 51.72. The question regarding people's judgment of food choices showed the highest rate (53%) among patients. Problematic stigma appeared in 24.71% of DM patients. Lower educational level, being divorced or widow, age above 50 years, being unemployed or housewife, and lower income showed significantly higher diabetic stigma scores.ConclusionOne-quarter of type 2 DM patients showed problematic stigma. The mean diabetic stigma score was significantly higher among patients with lower education, divorced or widow status, older age, unemployment or housewife category, and low-income status.

The Rights and Status of Widows in Islam: A Study from the Perspective of Multicultural Islamic Education in the Context of Bangladesh

One of the most discussed topics in today’s society is the issue of widows’ proper rights and status. This research paper investigates the rights and status of widows within the framework of Islamic education in the context of Bangladesh using qualitative methods. It included the Qur’an, Hadith, and various forms of research. Islam has given them a detailed discussion of their rights and dignity just like any other woman. Widows often face unique challenges and social stigmatization in various societies, and this study focuses on understanding their rights and status as prescribed by Islamic teachings and the extent to which these teachings are implemented within the realm of Islamic education. Bangladesh government has fixed some allowance for them which is very little. No steps have been taken to increase employment to make them economically prosperous. This paper contributes to the ongoing discourse on women’s rights within an Islamic context and highlights the significance of integrating such discussions within the education system for tangible societal transformation.

Perebutan Otoritas Menikahkan Perempuan

Gender injustice against women has placed women in the implementation of marriage as objects, not as subjects. Guardianship in marriage which is basically intended for protection misses in reality. Guardianship actually sometimes hinders the realization of women's rights to marriage, thus getting resistance from some circles. This article will describe the phenomenon of the struggle for authority to marry women in the Supreme Court Decision Number 002 K/AG/1985, in which it is stated that parents and female guardians want to annul the marriage of a child because it was carried out with an illegitimate guardian. The courts of first instance and the level of appeal have annulled the marriage, but the Supreme Court at the cassation level considers the marriage to be legal according to Islamic law. The author in this article conducts a study with the type of normative legal research with a case study approach. Data sources come from primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Data was collected by using document study and discussion methods. Then the data were analyzed qualitatively using content analysis techniques. The results of the author's analysis show that the Supreme Court wins women and gives them authority in their marriages. The implications of this consideration, the law of women marrying themselves, women representing their marriages and women becoming marriage guardians, will be discussed. The results of the study show that the Supreme Court's decision is gender-equitable, although it still needs to be criticized regarding the distinction between the status of girls and widows.

Rates of emergency department visits and acute-care hospital admissions after starting chemotherapy or having surgery across six community-based cancer centers.

6621 Background: Cancer patients who start chemotherapy or have surgery are at risk for serious adverse events, which can include emergency department visits (EDV) and acute-care hospital admissions (ADM). These events are relevant to patients, clinicians, health systems, and policy makers. Few studies have described the frequency and predictors of EDVs and ADMs in the routine care setting. We sought to address this knowledge gap, and to describe the impact of the COVID pandemic on these events, using data from the SIMPRO consortium of six US-based health systems. Methods: In 2019, SIMPRO started a phased deployment of an electronic health record-integrated symptom management program (eSyM) as part of the routine care provided to patients with a suspected or confirmed gastrointestinal, thoracic, and gynecologic malignancy. eSyM prompts patients to complete symptom questionnaires and provides symptom management resources for 180 days after starting chemotherapy and 60 days following surgery. This analysis includes all patients, whether they used eSyM resources or not. Outcomes, which were measured using EHR-based encounter data, included the rates of EDVs and ADMs at 30 and 90-days after starting chemotherapy or following discharge from surgery. To account for potential confounding, we used multivariable logistic regression for the 30-day outcomes and Cox regression for the 90-day outcomes. Results: From September 2019-December 2022, 8664 patients started chemotherapy and 11,578 had surgery, with 3075 and 2587 patients, respectively, experiencing at least one outcome event (Table). 90-day outcomes varied significantly across health systems for chemotherapy (EDV 2-21%, ADM 5-28%) and surgery (EDV 7-14%, ADM 9-18%) patients. In multivariable analyses, patients who reported an employment status of disabled were more likely to report an EDV (OR 1.73-1.96) and an ADM (ORs 1.52-1.96). Widowed status was associated with greater odds of having an ADM (ORs 1.29-1.30), but not an EDV. Cox regression found chemotherapy recipients experienced lower hazards of an EDV, but not an ADM, during 2020 (coinciding with the start of the COVID pandemic). For surgery patients, there was no significant association between calendar year and EDVs or ADMs. [p&lt;0.001 for all reported values]. Conclusions: A meaningful proportion of patients who started chemotherapy or had surgery for a suspected or confirmed malignancy in the routine-care setting had an EDV or ADM within 90 days. Most events occurred within 30 days. Further work is required to ascertain how many of these encounters are avoidable and what structural or procedural interventions could improve outcomes. Clinical trial information: NCT03850912 . [Table: see text]

Predictors of Nonadherence to Planned Coronary Angiography: A Retrospective Analysis

Objective: This study aimed to determine the predictive power of patient-related factors, socio-economic factors, condition-related factors, treatment-related factors, and health care system-related factors for nonadherence to planned coronary angiography (CAG). Material and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on electronic medical records (EMR) of 665 patients appointed for elective CAG at Naradhiwas Rajanagarindra Heart Center from January 2018 to December 2019. One hundred and thirty-three patients with nonadherence to planned CAG were assigned to the study group; the control group consisted of 532 patients with adherence to planned CAG. Results: The retrospective data analysis revealed that divorced or widowed status (OR=3.07; 95% CI 1.54, 6.12), cerebrovascular disease comorbidity (OR=4.37; 95% CI 1.74, 10.96), prescribed diuretics (OR=2.24; 95% CI 1.26, 3.97), CAG wait time three months or longer (OR=3.34; 95% CI 1.46, 7.64) and history of parental cardiovascular disease or death from heart disease (OR=0.12; 95% CI 0.01, 0.95) were co-predictors of nonadherence to planned CAG. Socioeconomic- related factors had no predictive power for planned CAG nonadherence. Conclusion: The findings of this study may contribute to the improvement of nursing service by screening groups at high risk of nonadherence and developing appropriate interventions aimed at increasing adherence to planned CAG as well the rate of positive health outcomes.

Survival benefits of perioperative chemoradiotherapy versus chemotherapy for advanced stage gastric cancer based on directed acyclic graphs.

The overall survival benefits of perioperative chemotherapy (PCT) and perioperative chemoradiotherapy (PCRT) for patients with locally advanced gastric cancer (GC) have not been fully explored. The aim of this study was to compare the benefits of PCT and PCRT in GC patients and determine the factors affecting survival rate using directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). The data of 1,442 patients with stage II-IV GC who received PCT or PCRT from 2000 to 2018 were retrieved from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. First, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was used to identify possible influencing factors for overall survival. Second, the variables that were selected by LASSO were then used in univariate and Cox regression analyses. Third, corrective analyses for confounding factors were selected based on DAGs that show the possible association between advanced GC patients and outcomes and evaluate the prognosis. Patients who received PCRT had longer overall survival than those who received PCT treatment (P = 0.015). The median length of overall survival of the PCRT group was 36.5 (15.0 - 53.0) months longer than that of the PCT group (34.6 (16.0 - 48.0) months). PCRT is more likely to benefit patients who are aged ≤ 65, male, white, and have regional tumors (P<0.05). The multivariate Cox regression model showed that male sex, widowed status, signet ring cell carcinoma, and lung metastases were independent risk factors for a poor prognosis. According to DAG, age, race, and Lauren type may be confounding factors that affect the prognosis of advanced GC. Compared to PCT, PCRT has more survival benefits for patients with locally advanced GC, and ongoing investigations are needed to better determine the optimal treatment. Furthermore, DAGs are a useful tool for contending with confounding and selection biases to ensure the proper implementation of high-quality research.

Different clinical characteristics of current smokers and former smokers with asthma: a cross-sectional study of adult asthma patients in China

Smoking is a trigger for asthma, which has led to an increase in asthma incidence in China. In smokers, asthma management starts with smoking cessation. Data on predictors of smoking cessation in Chinese patients with asthma are scarce. The objective of this study was to find the differences in clinical characteristics between current smokers and former smokers with asthma in order to identify factors associated with smoking cessation. Eligible adults with diagnosed asthma and smoking from the hospital outpatient clinics (n = 2312) were enrolled and underwent a clinical evaluation, asthma control test (ACT), and pulmonary function test. Information on demographic and sociological data, lung function, laboratory tests, ACT and asthma control questionnaire (ACQ) scores was recorded. Patients were divided into a current smokers group and a former smokers group based on whether they had quit smoking. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors associated with smoking cessation. Of all patients with asthma, 34.6% were smokers and 65.4% were former smokers, and the mean age was 54.5 ± 11.5 years. Compared with current smokers, the former smokers were older, had longer duration of asthma, had higher ICS dose, had more partially controlled and uncontrolled asthma, had more pack-years, had smoked for longer, and had worse asthma control. The logistic regression model showed that smoking cessation was positively correlated with age, female sex, pack-years, years of smoking, partially controlled asthma, uncontrolled asthma, and body mass index (BMI), but was negatively correlated with ACT, FEV1, FEV1%predicted, and widowed status. More than 30% of asthma patients in the study were still smoking. Among those who quit smoking, many quit late, often not realizing they need to quit until they have significant breathing difficulties. The related factors of smoking cessation identified in this study indicate that there are still differences between continuing smokers and former smokers, and these factors should be focused on in asthma smoking cessation interventions to improve the prognosis of patients with asthma.

INTERPRETASI PEREMPUAN KEPALA KELUARGA DI CYBER JOURNALISM BERDASARKAN SARA MILLS MODEL OF CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

This research is elaborated with the intention of examining and critiquing whether cyber journalism today still exhibits a patriarchal attitude. Qualitative is a method applied by the Sara Mills Model of Critical Discourse Analysis as the basis for data analysis. The study results found that SindoNews.com is marginalized women-headed (widows) in their reporting. From January to March 2022, it was found that there were 60 news headlines about widows and 9 (nine) news headlines about widowers on the website. SindoNews.com reports in an unbalanced manner by disclosing the current percentage of widows but does not report the percentage of widowers in the same portion of news. In fact, when a divorce occurs, is not only the status of a widow, but also a widower. Then there are some news stories that discuss widowers and widows in the same portion of the news, but the titles that are highlighted are only widow status. SindowNews.com seems to prefer frying the word widow as the selling point of the news here. In addition, the status of widows was also found to be interpreted with negative tendencies, such as seductive names, thirst for sex life, women who should be pitied, perpetrators of crime, easy women, and other wild meanings. Based on the journalistic code of ethics, especially in articles (1) and (3), this kind of reporting is not feasible because the aspect of balance still needs to be fulfilled. However, the author does not deny that SindoNews.com also reports on widow cases with a positive tendency, although the intensity is small.

Завещания и иные семейно-правовые акты ратуши Сергиевского посада конца XVIII – середины XIX вв.: опыт современной эдиционной практики

The article reviews a large collection of documents of the Sergiev Posad Town Hall from the Central State Archive of Moscow Cityь prepared by N. A. Chetyrina, a well-known specialist in the history of population, administration, and everyday life of Russian small town in the era of “enlightened absolutism,” the reign of Nicholas, and during the Great Reforms preparation. The scientific community knew about her research in the archive from articles and monographs. The thematic selection of published materials is due to significance of studying models and roles of family in the history of Russian society. The provincial material of publication complements and clarifies N. V. Kozlova’s and A. Yu. Prokofieva’s works containing similar materials of the capital townspeople and nobles. The collection includes private legal acts covering a wide range of intra-family relations; it is a successful example of modern edition practice. Among documents published in full accordance with the rules of archeography, the majority are wills; they make up the first section of the book. The second section presents other types of intra-family agreements and certificates: various conditions, separate acts, deeds of gift, letters of trust, and other types of documents. Their compilers were women, as well as men, married or relatives by blood or marriage. Almost all groups of Russian city population were represented: merchants, burgers, peasants, nobles, military, officials, foreigners, clergy and familiars. Priests were more often witnesses. Many of originals were lost, but verbatim (or close) reproductions of original texts are preserved in books of testaments, separate acts, conditions and contracts. They demonstrate variety of inheritance practices and conditions for obtaining inheritance, reasons for choosing heirs or for disinheritance; they illustrates property and financial relations between relatives, status of widows, young children, married daughters, sons separated from the family. The archival documents published in the collection deal with diverse subjects of everyday life, public and personal relations in the 18th-19th centuries, they help to develop social and gender history, other modern humanities studies.