Status Of Respondents Research Articles

Description of knowledge, Behavior of Vegetable and Fruit Consumption, and Nutritional Status in Class X Students in Public High School 1 Porong Sidoarjo

In Indonesia, according to the 2018 Basic Health Research report, the majority of the population above the age of 5, which is around 95.5%, still consumes vegetables and fruits below the recommend levels. When a person's knowledge and behavior are not optimal, then they will have difficulty maintaining the balance of food intake they consume. The purpose of the study was to determine the description of knowledge, fruit vegetable consumption behavior and nutritional status in class X students at SMA Negeri 1 Porong. This was a descriptive study. The Sampling method used was simple random sampling with a total samples size of 40 people. The results showed that the knowledge level of respondents in the poor category was 18 adolescents and in the good category was 11 adolescents. Most adolescents (34) exhibited poor vegetable consumption behavior, while the majority (21) demonstrated good fruit consumption behavior. The nutritional status of most respondents had good nutritional status as many as 25 adolescents. In Conclusion, adolescents in SMA Negeri 1 Porong have knowledge about vegetables and fruits in the poor category, poor vegetable consumption behavior, good fruit consumption behavior and good nutritional status.

Road to health: Evidence from subway construction in China

This paper uses data on city subway openings to match data on the health status of respondents from the China Health and Nutrition Survey database between 1991 and 2015. Our conclusions show that urban subway opening significantly improves the health of the population and reduces the incidence of diseases. Furthermore, the closer residents live to a subway station, the more they will be affected by the subway opening. After conducting a series of robustness tests to eliminate possible biases in the model, the results remain robust. We also find that the effects of using subways on health varies considerably among different populations. People belonging higher-income brackets, lower-middle-aged demographic, and moderately educated groups tend to be more affected by subway opening. Based on the analysis of the existing literature on the influence path of subways, subways mainly affect people's daily lives by reducing transportation costs and promoting information exchange. Therefore, we consider that the influence of subway use on health may come from the following mechanisms: subway openings enhance the level of medical services sought by residents, promote the purchase of commercial insurance, and reduce the severity of diseases.

Inequalities in the demand and unmet need for contraception among women in four regions of Ethiopia.

Unmet need for family planning is a major cause of unwanted pregnancies, which may contribute to the death of mothers and children. The aim of this study is to examine inequalities in the demand and unmet need for contraception among women in four regions (i.e., Afar, Benishangul-Gumzu, Gambela and Somali regions) of Ethiopia. The study utilized data from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey (EDHS), collected from 3,343 women of reproductive age 15-49 years situated in these study regions. Multilevel binary and multivariable logistic regression analysis, concentration index, and multivariate decomposition analysis were employed. The study revealed that women's employment status, education level, household wealth index, total number of children ever born, and husband's working status had a statistically significant association with the demand for contraception. Furthermore, women's educational level, household size, wealth index and husband's working status had statistically significant association with unmet need for contraception. The results of the concentration index indicated that illiteracy among respondents (56%), being in the richest economic status/ wealth index (41%) and non-working status of respondents (21%) contributed substantially to the inequality in the demand for contraception use. Illiteracy of the husband (197%) and the household size less than or equal to five (184%) contributed positively, but illiteracy of respondent (-249%) and unemployment status of respondents (-119%) contributed negatively to the existing inequality in unmet need for contraception. The findings of this study highlight the presence of unacceptably high inequality in the demand and unmet need for contraception among women in the four study regions. Policymakers should give due attention to reducing existing socio-economic inequality to address the high unmet need for family planning and increase demand for contraception in these regions. The study strongly recommends implementing multidimensional and multisectoral approaches, which will significantly reduce inequalities in the outcome variables.

The maternal and newborn health eCohort to track longitudinal care quality: study protocol and survey development.

The MNH eCohort was developed to fill gaps in maternal and newborn health (MNH) care quality measurement. In this paper, we describe the survey development process, recruitment strategy, data collection procedures, survey content and plans for analysis of the data generated by the study. We also compare the survey content to that of existing multi-country tools on MNH care quality. The eCohort is a longitudinal mixed-mode (in-person and phone) survey that will recruit women in health facilities at their first antenatal care (ANC) visit. Women will be followed via phone survey until 10-12 weeks postpartum. User-reported information will be complemented with data from physical health assessments at baseline and endline, extraction from MNH cards, and a brief facility survey. The final MNH eCohort instrument is centered around six key domains of high-quality health systems including competent care (content of ANC, delivery, and postnatal care for the mother and newborn), competent systems (prevention and detection, timely care, continuity, integration), user experience, health outcomes, confidence in the health system, and economic outcomes. The eCohort combines the maternal and newborn experience and, due to its longitudinal nature, will allow for quality assessment according to specific risks that evolve throughout the pregnancy and postpartum period. Detailed information on medical and obstetric history and current health status of respondents and newborns will allow us to determine whether women and newborns at risk are receiving needed care. The MNH eCohort will answer novel questions to guide health system improvements and to fill data gaps in implementing countries.

Nutritional knowledge and practice among antiretroviral therapy user adults in Bule Hora hospital, southern Oromia, Ethiopia.

Nutrition is the necessary basis for life, health, and human development over the entire lifespan. Poor nutritional knowledge, poor nutritional practices, and malnutrition among HIV-positive adults can contribute to accelerating the progression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and related diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the dietary knowledge, practices and associated factors of HIV-positive adults participating in antiretroviral therapy (ART) at Bule Hora Hospital, West Guji Zone, South Oromia, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional institutional study was conducted among 418 HIV-positive adults by systematic sampling technique. Semi-structured questionnaires were used for data collection and analyzed with SPSS version 21.0. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with dependent variables using adjusted odds ratio (AOR), with 95% CI (confidence interval) at p < 0.05. The result of this study showed that the prevalence of poor nutritional knowledge and poor nutritional practices among (HIV) positive adults was 74.9 and 69.1%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, adult age (AOR = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.30, 4.32), marital status (AOR = 2.46, 95% CI: 1.29, 4, 69), educational level (AOR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.01, 3.30) and occupational status (AOR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.25, 0.94) were significantly associated with the nutritional knowledge. Educational level (AOR = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.48, 4.50), monthly income (AOR = 2.80, 95% CI: 1.68, 4.69), and adult occupational status (AOR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.26, 0.89) were also significantly associated with the level of dietary practice. It was concluded that the respondents' nutritional knowledge and practices in the city of Bule Hora were poor compared to other national findings. The identified factors related to nutritional knowledge and practices were educational level, monthly income, adult occupation, and marital status of respondents in the study area. Therefore, each concerned agency should address the above gaps in nutritional knowledge and practices of HIV-positive adults in the study area.

Quality of life workers with hearing loss caused by exposure to industrial noise the of metalworking production

Introduction. Subjective assessment of the quality of life of workers exposed to occupational noise is an important aspect in the development of measures to prevent health problems in people with hearing impairment. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study of subjective assessment of the quality of life of two hundred twenty metalworking workers in “noise” occupations was carried out using the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Results. Metalworking workers employed in conditions of exposure to industrial noise have been shown to rate their quality of life (QoL) as increased in almost all areas, except for the “environment” area. There has been established a decrease in estimated indicators of QoL depending on age, especially pronounced for the sphere of “physical health”. The lowest values of quality of life indicators are typical for elderly people and people with hearing impairment. Limitations. The studied indicators are subjective and may not reflect the actual health status of respondents. Conclusion. Subjective assessment of the quality of life of metalworking workers with hearing impairment caused by noise exposure showed the need for additional QOL studies with ranking of the interviewed persons according to the intensity of hearing damage.

Analysis of Factors Influencing Interest in Purchasing Porang Rice Using The Extended Theory of Planned Behavior (E-TPB)

Porang rice, as imitation rice made from porang tubers, can be used as a substitute for white rice because it contains low calories and high fiber. In Indonesia, the marketing of porang rice and related research is still limited. This research aims to determine the characteristics of respondents and the factors that influence interest in buying porang rice, as well as recommendations for marketing strategies based on the research results. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and SEM-PLS. The sample used was selected using a non-probability sampling method using a purposive sampling technique. The number of respondents obtained was 112 respondents. The research results found that the knowledge and status of respondents who were on a calorie diet were the main characteristics of respondents regarding their interest in buying porang rice. Subjective norms and perceived behavioral control directly influence interest in buying porang rice. Product availability indirectly influences interest in buying porang rice through perceived behavioral control. Recommendations for manufacturers' marketing strategies include providing information about low calories and high fiber on their packaging and promotional media, expanding their partner network with retail stores that are frequently visited by the public, and maximizing sales using e-commerce.

The Association Between Energy Adequacy Level And Physical Activity With Nutri-tional Status In Adolescents At Walisongo High School, Ketanggungan

Growth during adolescence is rapid due to the development of muscle mass and fat tissue as well as hormonal changes that affect the nutritional needs of adolescents. The purpose of this study was to determine how the nutritional status of adolescents and the level of energy adequacy and physical activity relate to each other. This type of research uses a cross-sectional design. The number of samples taken with simple random sampling technique in this study was 152 people. Data collection of energy adequacy level using SQ-FFQ, physical activity data with PAL questionnaire, and nutritional status of respondents obtained from measurements of BW and TB. The results showed that most participants had an adequate level of energy sufficiency (65.1%) according to the Spearman Rank test, physical activity was mostly in the moderate category (63.8%), and the majority had good nutritional status (80.9%). The results of the Spearman Rank test showed that there was a significant correlation between the level of energy adequacy and nutritional status (p value = 0.045) and there was a significant correlation between physical activity and nutritional status (p value = 0.021). The conclusion is that there is a significant correlation between the level of energy adequacy and physical activity with nutritional status in adolescents at Walisongo Ketanggungan High School. It is recommended for the school to collaborate with the health department or local health center to make preventive and promotive efforts related to nutritional status problems through education about General Guidelines for Balanced Nutrition (PUGS).

Analysis of the Association between Stunting and Saliva Potential of Hydrogen (pH) in Preschool Children

Stunting can affect dental health due to changes in saliva content. Saliva that cannot work optimally will increase the risk of dental caries. The problem in this research is the high level of caries in preschool children at the DWP V Jatirejo Kindergarten. This study aims to determine the association between stunting and the potential of hydrogen (pH) in the saliva of preschool children at DWP V Jatirejo Kindergarten, Lekok District, Pasuruan Regency. The study design was an analytic observational with a cross-sectional approach, the sample in this study was 40 students who were determined using the Slovin formula with a proportional stratified random sampling technique. The stunting variable data collection method was measuring of Height/Age using microtoise and the saliva pH variable was measured using pH meters, and the data analysis techniques used the chi-squared test. Results: There is an association between stunting and the saliva pH in preschool children at DWP V Jatirejo Kindergarten. The Height/Age measurement results to determine the stunting status of respondents were found to be dominated by short height (stunted), and the saliva pH category of respondents was dominated by the acidic category.

Effects of COVID-19 on Living Standards of Households in the North East Region of Ghana: A Linear Mixed Effects Model Approach

Abstract The world was severely hit by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in the latter part of 2019. The coronavirus is an ongoing global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and was first identified in Wuhan, China. The pandemic has devastated every sector of Ghana's economy and has significantly affected the living standards of people in the country. This study seeks to investigate the effects of COVID-19 on the living standards of households in Ghana using the North East Region as a case study. A sample of 399 respondents was drawn from the six (6) districts/municipalities using a single-stage cluster sampling technique. A linear mixed-effects model was used to investigate the fixed effects and the random effects in the study. Results from the study showed that variables such as the marital status of respondents, highest educational level of respondents, dependents, and employment status of respondents had significant fixed effects on the living standard of households in the Region. Overall, the study results showed that COVID-19 had significantly affected most households which has resulted in deteriorating living standards making the overall living standards worse in the Region. It was recommended in the study that a similar investigation be carried out in other parts of the country to get a more holistic view of the effects of the pandemic.

LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS DRUG TREATMENT POLICIES IN EASTERN INDONESIA: WHAT TARGET CHARACTERISTICS MATTER?

Background: Lymphatic filariasis (LF) drug treatment compliance remains a challenge in Eastern Indonesia. Aims: The study sought to determine which aspects of Eastern Indonesia's LF drug treatment compliance policies were most pertinent. Methods: The 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Survey data was employed. The analysis units were adults (≥ 15 years) who had received LF drug treatment. LF drug treatment compliance was analyzed based on respondent characteristics (age, gender, marital status, education, occupation, wealth and comorbidities) using binary logistic regression. Results: The proportion of adherence to LF treatment in Eastern Indonesia was 73.1%. Respondent characteristics that influenced LF treatment compliance were age group &gt; 24 (aOR = 1.374, 95% CI: 1.305-1.447), female (aOR = 1.307, 95% CI: 1.263-1.353), all educated respondent status (aOR = 2.152, 95% CI: 2.043-2.268), and all employed respondents (aOR = 1.437, 95% CI: 1.365 - 1.512). Married respondents and those with all levels of wealth status were less likely to take LF drug treatment. Conclusion: Policy focus on improving LF treatment compliance among the younger male, the less educated, the unemployed, and those with lower social economic status. Keywords: compliance, Eastern Indonesia, lymphatic filariasis, public health

Factors Associated with Overweight/Obesity among Rural Secondary School Children in Bangladesh

Background &amp; Objective: Unhealthy dietary patterns in combination with a sedentary lifestyle could be contributing to some major health issues worldwide. Obesity in children and adolescents can have short- and long-term adverse health consequences including early mortality. Although previously limited to urban areas, with the rapid adoption of urban lifestyle by the rural people the problem is now ubiquitous. It is difficult to develop a policy for promoting health and reducing obesity among adolescents living in rural regions since there is a lack of information on the factors that contribute to this problem. The present study was, therefore undertaken to evaluate the factors influencing overweight and obesity among rural adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done based on data collected by students of Rajshahi Medical College as part of their RFST (Rural Field-site Training) in 2019 from a rural area of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. A total of 535 students from two rural secondary schools participated in the study. Every alternate student of those schools from class VI-X was then included in the study as a respondent. The weight and height of the selected students were first taken followed by data collection on variables of interest. Using weight and height data, the body mass index (BMI) of the respondents was first determined and was plotted on a growth chart (recommended by CDC, Atlanta) to find the percentile. Then the nutritional status of the individual respondents was determined based on their percentile status and was classified as underweight, normal, overweight, or obese. Results: Almost one-fifth (18.2%) of the respondents was found overweight or obese. Upon comparing respondents’ demographic characteristics, food and exercise behaviour between overweight &amp; obese and normal &amp; underweight groups, the former group was found younger than the latter group. Respondents’ socioeconomic status (SES) was associated with their nutritional status with overweight &amp; obese adolescents being significantly higher in the Middle- and rich SES group (78.4%) than in the poor and lower middle-class (61.4%). Neither dietary nor exercise behaviour was associated with the nutritional status of the respondents. Although the majority (84.2%) of normal &amp; underweight adolescents preferred low to medium-calorie snacks, overweight and obese adolescents were more likely to choose high-calorie snacks. Fast walking and running were the more common forms of exercise behaviour and of longer duration among the overweight &amp; obese cohort than those among normal &amp; underweight cohorts. Conclusion: The study concluded that the period of early adolescence is vulnerable to developing obesity. Adolescents belonging to middle and well-off SES are more prone to be overweight or obese than those belonging to lower middle &amp; poor SES. However, exercise, physical activity, and dietary habits of adolescents do not influence their nutritional status. Ibrahim Card Med J 2023; 13 (1&amp;2): 19-25

A pilot survey on knowledge, attitudes, and practices of smallholder dairy owners towards the importance of colostrum feeding to newborn calf in Humbo District of Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia

BackgroundColostrum is the secretion produced by the mammary gland of mammals and it is passively transferred immunity that protects neonates from infectious diseases.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2021 to June 2022 to assess the community’s knowledge, attitude, and practice of smallholder dairy owners towards the importance of colostrum feeding to newborn calves in Humbo districts. A structured questionnaire was provided for 400 randomly selected smallholder dairy owners for face-to-face interviews.ResultsThe results showed that females (21.6%), college and university levels (20.2%), farmers (15.4%), and single individuals (17.6%) had better knowledge compared to the respective status of respondents on colostrum feeding practices. Also, there was an association between sex, occupation, marital status, and knowledge of colostrum-feeding practices. Similarly, 32.5% of respondents with an elementary background practice the separation of calves from the dam soon after birth to prevent transmission of infection. There was an association between the educational background of the respondents and the perception of the respondents regarding colostrum feeding to newborn calves. Nearly, 30% of respondents had an elementary education background waiting for their calf to get up on its own and suckle from their dam. Likewise, 26.1%, 31.5%, and 23.8% of illiterate, elementary, college, and university graduate respondents, respectively, provide calves with 10 to 12% of their birth weight as colostrum within the first 8 h of calf’s life. Besides, the majority of the respondents (27.5%) believed that colostrum was the best food for calves’ growth, and the level of circulating antibodies in the calf's blood has a direct influence on its disease resistance.ConclusionThe study revealed that smallholder dairy owners have different perceptions concerning knowledge, practice, and attitude on the importance and time of feeding colostrum to neonates during the early life of postpartum. Thus, awareness creation and training programs should be provided for smallholder dairy farmers as well as the use of colostrum feeding, and its role in the prevention of neonatal and preweaning calf mortality and morbidity.

SARS-CoV-2 vaccine breakthrough infection and the evaluation of safety precaution practice before and after vaccination among healthcare workers in South West, Nigeria

IntroductionWorldwide, it has been reported that fully vaccinated people still die of COVID-19-associated symptoms, generating public uncertainty about the safety and effectiveness of the vaccines. Hence, this research is aimed at assessing the incidence of COVID-19 breakthrough infection among vaccinated Health Workers and the possible effect of changes in the practice of post-vaccination safety precautions.MethodThis was a Health facility-based descriptive cross-sectional study. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires distributed at the participant’s work unit across the selected health facilities. The nasopharyngeal specimen was also obtained from the participants and analysed using STANDARD Q COVID-19 Ag Test rapid chromatographic immunoassay for the detection of antigens to SARS-CoV-2. All data were input and analyzed using SPSS version 20.ResultsThere was a statistically significant relationship between the vaccination status of respondents and the post-vaccination test result (χ2 = 6.816, df = 1, p = 0.009). The incidence of COVID-19 infection among the vaccinated and unvaccinated HCWs was 2% and 8% respectively. 5 of the 15 respondents who tested positive for COVID-19 had been fully vaccinated. However, all 5 of them did not practice safety measures after vaccination. None of the respondents who practised safety measures after vaccination tested positive for COVID-19. The remaining 10 respondents that tested positive for COVID-19 had not been vaccinated though they practised safety precautions.ConclusionVaccination and the practice of safety precautions will go a long way to preventing future COVID-19 breakthrough infections.

Anemia Prevalence in GB A Cross-sectional assessment of anemia among different age groups and associated risk factors in Gilgit-Baltistan

Background: Anemia poses a significant global health challenge and has a significant influence regarding both morbidity and mortality across diverse demographics. This cross-sectional study aim to assess the prevalence and risk variables associated with anemia in different age groups within the culturally diverse population of Gilgit-Baltistan (GB). Methods: The prevalence of anemia within each age group was determined through hemoglobin (Hb) level assessment using Hemocue Hb 201+ (HemoCue AB, Ängelholm, Sweden). This analysis encompassed various gender categories and examined the risk variables which contributing to anemia in GB. Samples were collected from different regions in order to obtain a representative sample of the population. A total of 720 individuals (386 males and 334 females) participated in this study. Results: About 32.40% males (65.2% mild, 31.7% moderate and 3.1% severe) and 56.07% females (36.5% mild, 46.3% moderate and 17.2% severe) were found anemic. Prevalence of anemia in male were highest in the age group 20-40 years (31.2%), followed by age group 10-19 years (26.4%) as compared to age group 41-60 (19.2%) and above 61 years (23.2%) and there mean hemoglobin level (Hb) was 11.98 ± 0.90 g/dL. Among females the highest prevalence were found in reproductive age 20-40 years (37.3%) and age between 10-19 (29.4%), followed by the age group 41-60 (13.4%) and above 61 years (19.7%) and mean hemoglobin level (Hb) was 9.93 ± 0.83 g/dL. Risk variables include socio economic status of respondents, the higher prevalence was found in lower class of the population (37.7% males and 43.6% Females). Conclusion: The findings highlight the vulnerability of both genders to anemia in GB. Addressing this public health concern requires research extending beyond the prevalence and socio-demographic factors. Future efforts should focus on developing iron-enriched formulas from locally accessible staple foods in GB to effectively combat this alarming condition.

High Self-Reported Prevalence of Kidney Stones in Trinidad and Tobago: Results of a Cross-Sectional Online Survey.

Introduction No data exist on the prevalence of kidney stone disease in Trinidad and Tobago. Local clinicians have noted that the disease is very common,and this study represents the first attempt to investigate the prevalence of urolithiasis in these islands. Objectives The objective is to estimate the prevalence of kidney stone disease in Trinidad and Tobago and to investigate the epidemiology of the disease. Methods An online survey using the online tool Survey Monkey was distributed among members of the public via instant messaging and social media. The survey captured data relating to the stone status and demographics of respondents. Results 1225 patients completed the survey of whom 46.5% were males and 53.5% were females. Respondents were equally distributed throughout the country. 16.74% of those surveyed indicated that they were currently affected by stones confirmed by imaging. Kidney stones were more common among Trinidadians of East Indian ancestry (20.6% vs 10.6%). Positive correlations were established between kidney stones and the presence of hypertension, diabetes, and gout. Persons with kidney stones were more likely to have a family member with the disease - 45.6% vs 31.4% among those without kidney stones. Conclusion This study demonstrates a high self-reported prevalence of kidney stones in Trinidad and Tobago.

PERCEIVED EFFECT OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON SMOKING STATUS AMONG SAUDI POPULATION IN THE EASTERN PROVINCE OF KSA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Background: Smoking is a well-known risk factor for heart and lung disease and one of the most common causes of lung cancer. Recently, more attention has been focused on interventions that can be utilized in smoking cessation programs including regular exercise. However, there is contradicting evidence regarding the effect of regular exercise on smoking habits and smoking cessation exist in the literature. Aim: The study aims to evaluate the populations perception of the effect of regular exercise on smoking habits and its aid in smoking cessation in the Eastern Province. Materials and Methods: This study was a quantitative cross-sectional analytical study for the Saudi population of the Eastern Province, KSA. Results: The total number of respondents participating in this study was 235. The majority of them were male, had regular physical exercise, with a Bachelors or Diploma educational level and aged 40 years or above. More than half of the participants were smokers and married.More than half of the sample reported that exercise decreases or strongly decreases smoking times and decreases or strongly decreases the desire to quit. Less than half of the participants perceived that exercise decreases the desire, enjoyment and symptoms. A statistically significant difference between educational level, smoking status and physical exercise of respondents and their perceived effect of physical exercise on smoking status was found. Also, there was a statistically significant difference between exercise duration, frequency per week and the perceived effect of physical exercise on smoking status.

Factors Influencing Women Community Microfinance Members Decision in Consuming Forest Resources: a Case of Nsieni Forest in Hai District, Tanzania

Women community microfinance groups aimed to reduce extreme poverty among community group members and enable members to generate income which could be alternative sources of income rather than depend on overconsumption of natural resources including forest resources for domestic and economic uses. This study aim at exploring the determinants of forest resource consumption among women community microfinance group's members, the study used cross sectional design and was conducted at Ngira Village adjacent to Nsieni forest in Hai district whereby number of women community microfinance groups selected for the study was done by Probability Proportional to size and from selected groups number of 184 where derived to be involved in this study and data were collected by using questionnaire and the analysis of factors which influencing women community microfinance members decision in consuming forest resources were analyzed by using Binary Logistic model, study revealed that alternative sources of income, National conservation laws, Access to credit and Education level were significantly influencing women community microfinance groups members decision in consumption of forest resources at the coefficient of P &lt; 0.05 probability level with the negative β = -2.603, β = -3.988, β = -0.040 and β = -2.020 respectively. While age, marital status, and gender of respondents were statistically insignificant. This paper recommends that women's community microfinance groups especially in villages adjacent to forest resources should be promoted to empower women's income to afford substitutes of forest products rather than relying too much on forest resource consumption hence forest sustainability.

Intergenerational reproduction and self-assessed mental health in adulthood in China

Physical and mental health disparities by socioeconomic status in China are well documented but the effects of the intergenerational reproduction in socioeconomic status on adult mental health have received little attention to date. We utilized cross-sectional data from the 2017 Chinese General Social Survey to examine the significance of intergenerational socioeconomic reproduction for differences in self-assessed mental health in a national sample of Chinese adults between the ages of 23 and 65. We documented substantial elasticities between the socioeconomic status of the survey respondents and their parents: father's education, mother's education and childhood social class were all associated with both respondent education and respondent household income. We also found that associations between parental socioeconomic status and their adult children's self-assessed mental health were partly explained by the children's own socioeconomic status. However, these pathways were noticeably moderated by age cohort. Among younger people, associations between parental socioeconomic status and mental health were mostly explained by educational attainment whereas among older people associations between parental socioeconomic status and mental health were mostly explained by household income. In general, parental socioeconomic status appear to have a greater influence on the mental health of people who grew up after the Chinese economic reform of the 1970s.

Sustainable Interventions for Improving Food Security among Tribal Communities in Bodoland Territorial Region

The study examined the determinants influencing food security status among the tribals of Bodoland Territorial Region, Assam. The study randomly selected 400 tribal respondents, 200 Bodo and 200 Rabha respondents. Data was collected through personal interviews and analysed using descriptive statistics, food security index and multiple linear regression. Results of the food security index depicted that about Bodo respondents (19.50%) were food secure, while (80.50%) were food insecure. Similarly, only (18.00%) of the Rabha respondents were food secure, but the remaining (82.00%) of Rabha respondents were food insecure. Further, multiple linear regression analysis revealed that employed members in the respondent's household, annual income, access to credit, and access to the Public Distribution System had a positive relationship with the food security status of Bodo respondents. However, it was found that the age of household head, family size, loss of cultivable land, indebtedness, and food grain used for liquor preparation negatively affected the food security status of the Bodo respondents. In the case of Rabha respondents, factors like employed members in the respondents' household, annual income and operational landholding positively impacted on the food security status of the respondents. In contrast, the age of the household head and family size were negatively significant to the food security status of Rabha respondents. The research suggested that nutritional security can be improved by improving family income. So, the government should emphasise non-farm income-generating activities at a household level or through SHGs and strengthen the Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana - National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM) activities in BTR. Crops like millets may be introduced after sali paddy harvesting. The government should make policies for increasing crop productivity using modern agricultural production techniques and easy access to credit. The government also increased the number of beneficiaries under the Public Distribution System by changing the criteria.