Status Holders Research Articles

Investigating the support for equitable admissions policies in health professions education: the Formal Consensus method

Higher education institutions increasingly aim to implement equity in admissions. However, there is no one-size-fits-all solution to determine which equitable admissions procedures are suitable in a specific context, nor which groups should be its beneficiaries. Therefore, we applied the Formal Consensus Method (FCM) to investigate the support amongst experts and stakeholders for different equitable admissions policies and target groups within the context of Health Professions Education in The Netherlands. We found majority support (median of ratings ≥ 7 on a scale of 1 to 9) in both groups for the target groups ‘applicants with a low or average socio-economic status’ and ‘applicants with an underrepresented migration background’. The majority of participants was also in favor of Contextualized Admissions, especially when used to increase enrolment of applicants with a low or average socio-economic status, with an underrepresented migration background, and asylum status holders. Lastly, both groups supported lottery with extra tickets for applicants with an underrepresented migration background. However, as the range of ratings fell outside the FCM prescribed range of 5-9, no case in which there was majority support could be defined as a ‘consensus’. The expert group proposed the use of Bonded Medical Places for applicants from the Caribbean parts of the Dutch Kingdom. The policies and target groups for which broad support was found, could contribute to equitable admissions, improved student diversity, and enhanced quality of health education and future care. Our application of the FCM in the area of equitable admissions policies may be useful for researchers in other countries where equity principles are not (widely) used in admissions decisions.

UNFAVORABLE VISA STATUS AND INTERSECTING ACCULTURATION FACTORS LINKED TO DEPRESSION

Aims: This study proposes that visa status and acculturation are important constructs for understanding depression among immigrants. Method: The association between visa status and acculturation with depression status among immigrants residing in the United States was examined. Visa status was operationalized as favorable and unfavorable. Acculturation was measured as English language proficiency and diet change. Depression was assessed as the presence of depressive symptoms or symptoms suppressed by antidepressants. Results: Results showed that immigrants with unfavorable visa statuses have higher levels of depression compared to favorable visa status holders. Also, English language proficiency was associated with higher levels of depression among unfavorable visa holders compared to favorable visa status holders. Lower dietary acculturation was associated with a higher level of depression among unlimited family, refugee, diversity, and other visa holders. Conclusions: Different visa categories appeared to have unique patterns of association with depression depending on their acculturation level and type.

Supporting displaced students in US higher education: examining institutional policy and practice

ABSTRACT Despite welcoming millions of displaced individuals over the past 50 years, there is limited policy consideration of US higher education access for displaced learners. This study threads together Critical Race Theory and racialized organization theory to examine institutional websites and key administrator interviews to consider institutional policies and practices centering on displaced learners – refugees, asylees, and Temporary Protected Status holders – in public higher education institutions in Houston, Texas, and Sacramento, California. The findings capture how the essentialization of marginalized populations – through a lack of engagement with displaced learners and limited data on displaced populations – obscures the unique needs of these individuals. Additionally, the findings point to how institutions work to center displaced students, despite policy voids. These findings expand the literature on displaced learner access to US higher education beyond students to focus on the role of institutions, providing a foundation for considering more equitable institutional policy and practice.

재외 탈북자 보호 관련 국제법적 검토: 대량탈북 사태 시 대응방안을 포함하여

The current number of North Korean Escapees is much smaller than before, so the concern towards them does not seem to be so serious like before. However, the number may rise in any time in the future for any reasons, and some contingency situation may produce a mass influx of North Koreans into neighbouring countries.
 Therefore, all the legal analyses applicable to the cases of North Korean Escapees are still required and need to be updated.
 This paper first reviews their refugee status, including the issue of dual nationality, and tries to utilise international human rights regime for these cases. Then, overview of various national practices relating to the protection of North Korean Escapees is conducted. Lastly, this paper looks into ways of international cooperation and coordination to deal with the possible mass influx case.
 In conclusion, most North Korean Escapees can be recognised as refugees under international refugee law, and, if not, they can at least be treated as humanitarian status holders. The question of dual nationality should be solved based on their free will and humanitarian consideration. For the limited purposes of refugee status determination, they need to be treated as North Koreans. As human beings, they can also be protected by various norms and mechanisms under international human rights law. At a contingency situation, ‘temporary protection’ may be provided to them as ‘displaced persons’ like in the EU, and more coordinated cooperation with UNHCR, IOM and neighbouring countries is critically needed.

Aspiring to Dutchness: Media Literacy, Integration, and Communication with Eritrean Status Holders

Based on 13 interviews with Eritrean status holders and professionals in Amsterdam this article explores how paying attention to media skills and media literacies may help gain a better understanding of what matters in exchanges between professionals and legal refugees in the mandatory Dutch integration process. Media literacy needs to be decolonised in order to do so. Starting as an inquiry into how professionals and their clients have different ideas of what constitutes “inclusive communication,” analysis of the interviews provides insight into how there is a need to (a) renegotiate citizenship away from the equation of neoliberal values with good citizenship and recognising needs and ambitions outside a neoliberal framework, (b) rethink components of formal and informal communication, and (c) reconceptualise media literacies beyond Western-oriented definitions. We propose that professionals and status holders need to understand how and when they (can) trust media and sources; how what we might call “open-mindedness to the media literacy of others” is a dialogic performative skill that is linked to contexts of time and place. It requires self-reflective approach to integration, and the identities of being a professional and an Eritrean stakeholder. Co-designing such media literacy training will bring reflexivity rather than the more generic term “competence” within the heart of both media literacy and inclusive communication.

WORK OF FOREIGNERS UNDER TEMPORARY PROTECTION IN TURKEY AND MAIN PROBLEMS REGARDING THE WORK OF SYRIANS UNDER TEMPORARY PROTECTION

Since 2011, because of the events that took place in Syria, millions of Syrian citizens forced to leave their country and a significant portion of these people came Turkey as massive influx. Turkey accepted Syrians by applying open-door policy and gave them temporary protection status. One of the most important rights granted to temporary protection status holders is right to work and access to the labor market. Despite Turkey legislated the right to work in detail of those under temporary protection, serious problems are encountered in practice. In this study, firstly, a brief information was given about the temporary protection, the rights of Syrian refugees under temporary protection and also their right to work. Then working requirements of temporary protection status holders were examined in detail and finally some common problems related to work in Turkey under temporary protection was given. In this context, in the last section, general problems related to work permit, unregistered work and child labor were discussed briefly.

Labour Market Integration of Status Holders in Amsterdam <br/>—Challenges Faced by Caseworkers to Integrate Status Holders into Labour Market

There has been a lot of scholarly work on the role of frontline workers in fostering labour market integration of status holders. The challenges and dilemmas newcomers and caseworkers face are also discussed comprehensively. However, there is still a need to focus on the obstacles that caseworkers are facing during the coaching of status holders towards labour market integration. This article is meant to find out the challenges that caseworkers are facing during the coaching of status holders towards labour market integration. It mainly focuses on the challenges that are primarily caused by the participation law that caseworkers have to implement. On the one hand, the participation law demands caseworkers to help status holders to labour market integration. Whereas, on the other hand, the law indirectly demotivates status holders to accept a job. The findings show that the participation law makes it difficult for caseworkers to achieve their goals. For this article, I have interviewed 26 caseworkers to collect data. This is one-third of the caseworkers for status holders in the City of Amsterdam. The caseworkers were selected from all the seven districts of Amsterdam and they were from different age groups (25 to 65). In addition, I have carried out 15 participatory observations with the focus on how caseworkers interact, motivate and deal with their clients as far as labour market integration is concerned.

Culture, Status, and Hypocrisy: High-Status People Who Don’t Practice What They Preach Are Viewed as Worse in the United States Than China

Status holders across societies often take moral initiatives to navigate group practices toward collective goods; however, little is known about how different societies (e.g., the United States vs. China) evaluate high- (vs. low-) status holders’ transgressions of preached morals. Two preregistered studies (total N = 1,374) examined how status information (occupational rank in Study 1 and social prestige in Study 2) influences moral judgments of norm violations, as a function of word–deed contradiction and cultural independence/interdependence. Both studies revealed that high- (vs. low-) status targets’ word–deed contradictions (vs. noncontradictions) were condemned more harshly in the United States but not China. Mediation analyses suggested that Americans attributed more, but Chinese attributed less, selfish motives to higher status targets’ word–deed contradictions. Cultural in(ter)dependence influences not only whom to confer status as norm enforcers but also whom to (not) blame as norm violators.

Guessing games with target groups : Securing a livelihood by supporting refugees in a hostile environment

In the wake of mass-migrations of refugees seeking safety and stability in Europe, this contribution studies emerging grassroots organizations that support refugee status holders in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. The municipality expects these organizations to adhere to the European trend to incorporate immigrant integration priorities in interventions that apply to all residents. The article discusses the paradox of how bureaucratic classifications regarding preferred target groups cast certain grassroots responses as fringe-activities that are less legible bureaucratically. Based on a year of ethnographic fieldwork, this article shows how this lessened legibility translates into profound insecurities for grassroots organizers. The article discusses how these insecurities, in combination with the uncertainty grassroots organizers feel regarding their employability, motivate them to play guessing games and to give in to municipal preferences to boost their eligibility for funding. It argues that this process of giving in to municipal preferences should be understood as an attempt to render their endeavors legible, reduce precariousness, secure a livelihood, and turn affective labor into a life-sustaining practice. In so doing, this contribution evokes the story of a particular grassroots organizer—a woman of color with a forced migration background.

Treacherous Elasticity, Callous Boundaries: Aspiring Volunteer Initiatives in the Field of Refugee Support in Rotterdam

This contribution focuses on volunteer initiatives that seek to assist refugee status holders in Rotterdam. It studies initiatives that are still in the process of fine-tuning their focus, grappling for funds, searching for volunteers, and seeking collaborations. The article lays bare the inequalities that such aspiring initiatives can be premised on and produce. In analyzing moments in which the label of ‘volunteer’ is rejected—or instead celebrated or transformed—this article demonstrates that the elastic representation of volunteering clashes with callous boundaries between ‘being only a volunteer’ and ‘doing something together.’ These boundaries are heartfelt by the organizers of these aspiring initiatives, who often have a refugee background themselves. By understanding inequality in volunteering in relation to debates about active citizenship, this article seeks to examine the workings of the glass ceiling that hinders the organizers of volunteer initiatives to transition into a position they consider more credible and professional.

Animals and the agency account of moral status

In this paper, I aim to show that agency-based accounts of moral status are more plausible than many have previously thought. I do this by developing a novel account of moral status that takes agency, understood as the capacity for intentional action, to be the necessary and sufficient condition for the possession of moral status. This account also suggests that the capacities required for sentience entail the possession of agency, and the capacities required for agency, entail the possession of sentience. Thus on this account sentient beings possess agency and agents possess sentience. If this is correct, it will show that an Agency Account of moral status can offer a plausible defence of the moral status of all sentient beings, something that previous Agency Accounts have not succeeded in doing. What is more, this account could establish that all sentient animals are not just moral status holders per se, but that they are owed pro tanto obligations regarding continued existence and liberty, similar in kind, though not always in strength, to those owed to humans.

EU citizenship and (fundamental) rights: Empirical, normative, and conceptual problems

AbstractThere is a close connection between EU citizenship and rights, both in the law and literature. This article claims that EU lawyers' understanding of EU citizenship and rights suffers from empirical, normative, and conceptual shortcomings. I will point out that there has been insufficient awareness for the boundedness of EU citizenship, the political structure of the EU and the constraints this (realistically) imposes on the ‘meaningfulness’ of EU citizenship. EU citizenship must not be understood as requiring an elaborate set of equal rights for all Union citizens throuzghout the EU, but valued for its ability to allow its status holders to enjoy (almost) full membership in the Member States of which they do not possess nationality.

Temporary Protection of Refugees in Germany and the United Kingdom : New Standards of Treatment

This research evaluates Temporary Protection of Refugees in Germany and the United Kingdom. To illustrate different and same aspects of Temporary Protection, the study focused on Recognition Policy and Social Benefits. The findings of this paper suggest that both countries develop strict and limited conditions by decreasing economic and social benefits and not protected from deportation during status. This research contains the following results. First, Germany and the United Kingdom increased safe countries list and concluded agreements with third countries to reject and deport back refugees. Second, social adaptation of temporary protection is unstable and they also face discrimination due to their ethnicity. Both German and the United Kingdom governments reduce benefit and access to labor market, education, and accommodation. Third, German and the UK temporary protection status holders are not safe from deportation anytime. And fourth, both countries have restricted family reunification rules.

Together we stand stronger

This is an action research case study investigating social participation roadblocks and opportunities through leisure-related factors for Eritrean refugee status holders in the city of Nijmegen, the Netherlands. The intent of this paper is to report on challenges and opportunities for refugees as “citizens in transition” within a specific northern European urban neighbourhood. The research project has a key focus on urban leisure with a participatory, action-oriented epistemological and activist intent. This multidisciplinary mix was designed for consulting purposes. The paper describes the situation during the period 2015 to 2016, and future challenges triggered by the migration crisis in the last decade in the European context, with specific attention devoted to the impact on the Dutch context. From such continental and national scope, the paper will shift to the outcome of a specific consulting project pertaining to 98 Eritrean refugees, aged 19 to 24 years old, temporarily hosted by the city of Nijmegen. Here, empirical research based on design thinking principles have enabled the identification of potential solutions and strategies aimed at achieving a more effective process for the inclusion of those residence holders with refugee status into the social and cultural life of their neighbourhood, with the final ambition of future integration into the city. Being a case study grounded in constructivism, the paper will firstly provide an overview of facts, figures and findings to detail the research performed, and then conclude with reflexive considerations based on bibliographic references and methodological reflections.

Assessing the Implications of Deviant Behavior on Society in Central Punjab Pakistan

The present study has been designed to assess Implication of deviant behavior among in Central Punjab Pakistan. Generally, crime is treated as the unexpected behavior of an individual which goes against the law. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the implications of crime in society. In Pakistan, lower socio-economic status holders are involved in crimes as well as high socio-economic holders are also involved, hence they want to accumulate more wealth through illegal ways. Crime affects the state in social, economic and psychological terms. The present study was conducted in central Punjab. A sample of 300 respondents was selected by using convenient sampling technique from the one selected district of the central Punjab. Moreover, data was with the help of a well-designed interview schedule. Collected data was analyzed by using SPSS. On the bases on finding it was concluded that there are number of socio-economic and psychological factors that created problems in state and become hurdle in the sustainable development of Pakistan and this problem badly damage the whole sphere of the society. Some policy measure and recommendations was also proposed by the study to cope with this problem.

Incivility: The Moderating Effect of Hierarchical Status. Does a Manager Inflict More Damage?

Incivility is an expression of disregard toward others in a social interaction. The current study predicts that incivility will inflict more damage when perpetrated by higher status holders, for the intention to leave the organization, the possibility that the psychological contract will be violated and concerning organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) that are expected to diminish.333 workers were sampled through a web based survey. Results showed that incivility can predict psychological contract violation and withdrawal intention. In addition, results showed that perceived incivility (i.e the perceived frequency with which incivility is experienced by its targets), was higher among those uncivil acts perpetrated by their managers compared to perceived incivility if perpetrated by a peer. Moreover, results suggested that while for some outcomes (i.e. OCB-O, withdrawal intentions, and psychological contract violation) managers inflict more damage as predicted, for OCB-I, the impact was greater when peers acted in an uncivil manner. Results as well as practical and theoretical implications are discussed.

Formal and informal volunteering in Hungary. Similairities and differences

There are several studies on volunteerism in Hungary but its formal (organizational) and informal (non-organizational) statistical differentiation has still not been in focus yet. Two comprehensive questions of my article are the following: is there a real, “qualitative” difference between Hungarian formal and informal volunteers. If yes, which is the more up-to-date form contributing to community development and local development? My general hypothesis is that the group of organizational and non-organizational volunteers significantly differs from each other, and formal volunteerism is the frame which rather corresponds to current needs. This means that: (1) formal volunteerism is the type which strengthens frequency of activity more effectively; (2) it is preferred by higher social status holders; (3) and it is moved by “modern” motivations. These expectations are tested on databases recorded on voluntary work and donation in 1994 and 2005. The hypotheses are essentially confirmed, the contradictions are discussed in more detail below.