Statistics Of Causes Research Articles

Territorial gaps on quality of causes of death statistics over the last forty years in Spain

BackgroundThe quality of the statistics on causes of death (CoD) does not present consolidated indicators in literature further than the coding group of ill-defined conditions of the International Classification of Diseases. Our objective was to assess the territorial quality of CoD by reliability of the official mortality statistics in Spain over the years 1980–2019.MethodsA descriptive epidemiological design of four decades (1980-, 1990-, 2000-, and 2010–2019) by region (18) and sex was implemented. The CoD cases, age-adjusted rates and ratios (to all-cause) were assigned by reliability to unspecific and ill-defined quality categories. The regional mortality rates were contrasted to the Spanish median by decade and sex by the Comparative Mortality Ratio (CMR) in a Bayesian perspective. Statistical significance was considered when the CMR did not contain the value 1 in the 95% credible intervals.ResultsUnspecific, ill-defined, and all-cause rates by region and sex decreased over 1980–2019, although they scored higher in men than in women. The ratio of ill-defined CoD decreased in both sexes over these decades, but was still prominent in 4 regions. CMR of ill-defined CoD in both sexes exceeded the Spanish median in 3 regions in all decades. In the last decade, women’s CMR significantly exceeded in 5 regions for ill-defined and in 6 regions for unspecific CoD, while men’s CMR exceeded in 4 and 2 of the 18 regions, respectively on quality categories.ConclusionsThe quality of mortality statistics of causes of death has increased over the 40 years in Spain in both sexes. Quality gaps still remain mostly in Southern regions. Authorities involved might consider to take action and upgrading regional and national death statistics, and developing a systematic medical post-grade training on death certification.

Evaluation of the quality of cause of death statistics of the last decades in the European Union

Abstract Introduction The European Union (EU) do not publish the quality of cause-of-death statistics, when is possible to assess quality by reliability. Quality does not present consolidated indicators. Ill-defined and other inaccurate causes have presented different groupings. Objective To assess the quality of official cause-of-death statistics of the European Union by member states from 2006 to 2020. Methods Cases and population were from the WHO repertory. We selected causes in EU27 countries by up to fourth code-character of ICD10 -on the EuroStat website were not available-. Case counts were grouped into ill- defined, unspecific, less specific (the latter two, in inaccurate), and judicial (inaccurate external causes) categories, based on literature and expertise. We calculated age-adjusted rates to the Standard European Population by country, sex, period (2006-, 2011- and 2016-2020), and quality category. We tested the Comparative Mortality Ratio (CMR) of each country to the European Union median by a Bayesian approach, at 5% statistical significance. We plotted the rates proportion of each quality category in its all causes. Results We included 25 countries. Some did not report all years. Six countries showed >19% for ill-defined causes and 3 member states had <5% in both sex and last period. In inaccurate, for the same time period and sex, average pointed 10% with a range of 3-19%. In the same period, CMR exceeded significantly the EU median in 19 and 18 countries for women and men, respectively; and exceeded in unspecific causes in 12 countries for women and men. Discussion Literature showed that incorrect causes of death were random distributed. Probably major causes were biased and underestimated. Conclusions Quality of cause of death is a useful indicator of mortality statistics reliability. Quality indicators targeted national gaps across EU. We need a new EU task force on statistics of causes of death in accordance with the XXI century. Key messages • Quality indicators of causes of death statistics targeted national gaps across the European Union. • The statistics of death causes underestimated the main causes of death in the European Union.

Unified requirements for the structure of the diagnosis to improving national morbidity ststistics and causes of death

The overall structure of the diagnosis should be presented underlying disease; complications of underlying disease and coexistent disease. If patient has other significant conditions contributing to the death (comorbidity), they should be included in the diagnosis after underlying disease as concurrent disease, polypathia or background diseases (condition). The category «underlying disease» should include only the disease (condition), which by itself or through the complications can lead to death and should be recorded in Part I of the medical certificate of cause of death. Other significant conditions contributing to the death (comorbidity) and defined as concurrent disease, polypathia or background diseases (condition), should be recorded in Part II of the medical certificate of cause of death. Coexistent diseases shall not be taken into account of the statistics of causes of death, and therefore they should not stand in a medical certificate of cause of death.

Statistics of causes of death and analysis of risk factors in a surgical intensive care unit

To summarize the causes of death and to analyze the risk factors in a surgical intensive care unit (SICU). The relevant information of patients died in the SICU of Xijing Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University in past 15 years (from December 1999 to February 2015) was retrospectively analyzed. The gender, age, reason and date of hospitalization, date of transfer SICU, past medical history, whether or not admitted directly from emergency department or transferred from other department, operated or not, date of death, the main cause of death, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score, the history of undergoing mechanical ventilation, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), or antifungal therapy, as well as the ratio of the patients with body temperature higher than 39 °C, white blood cell (WBC) count higher than 10 x 10⁹/L, platelet (PLT) count below 100 x 10⁹/L, albumin (Alb) below 35 g/L of two periods, namely from December 1999 to July 2007 (the first period), and from August 2007 to February 2015 (the second period) were compared. The above parameters were compared with those of 201 survivors in SICU, and the risk factors leading to death were analyzed by logistic regression. From December 1999 to February 2015, 4 317 patients were taken care of in the SICU. Among them, the number of death was 186, and the mortality rate was 4.3%. In the first time period (from December 1999 to July 2007), the total number of patients was 1 356, and the number of death were 109 (the mortality rate was 8.0%). In the second period, i.e. from August 2007 to February 2015, the number of SICU patients was 2,961, and 77 died (the mortality rate was 2.6%). The difference of mortality rate between the two periods was statistically significant (χ² = 66.707, P = 0.001 ). The death rate of patients transferred directly from emergency department in the first period was 79.8% (87/109), and it was lower in the second period (51.9%, 40/77, χ² = 16.181, P = 0.001 ). The death rate of the patients with blood A1b below 35 g/L in the second period (59.7%, 46/77) was higher than that of the first period (41.3%, 45/109, χ² = 6.151, P = 0.017). The top three causes of death from December 1999 to February 2015 were sepsis (38.2%), trauma (16.7%), and operation for cancer (14.0%). In the first period, the top three causes of death were sepsis (35.8%), trauma (22.0%), and operation for cancer (13.8%). In the second period, the top three causes of death were sepsis (41.6%), damage of the central nervous system (16.9%), and operation for cancer (14.3%). Top three reasons for SICU admission were trauma (29.03%), abdominal pain (20.97%) and other reasons (18.82%). Top three departments from which the patients were transferred were the emergency department (19.35%), orthopedics department (17.20%), and hepatobiliary department (16.13%). Logistic regression analysis showed that age [odds ratio (OR) = 2.025, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.500-2.734, P = 0.000], mechanical ventilation (OR = 3.514, 95% CI = 1.701-7.259, P = 0.001), CRR T (OR = 5.604, 95% CI = 3.003-10.459, P = 0.000 ), body temperature higher than 39 °C (OR = 1.992, 95%CI = 1.052-3.771, P = 0.034) were the risk factors of death in SICU patients. Sepsis and severe trauma are the leading causes of death in severe SICU patients, to whom with risk factors of death enough attention should be given.

Monitoring cause-specific adult mortality in developing countries: A comparison of data sources for Addis Ababa and its implications for policy and research

Hospital statistics of causes of death for developing countries may be biased when the utilization of hospital services is low or selective. Using Addis Ababa, Ethiopia as an example, we argue that hospital data can be useful for demonstrating general cause-specific mortality patterns. In addition, a comparison of hospital statistics with data from a surveillance of burials allows for the identification of weaknesses in health services provision. We find a low level of hospital services utilization during terminal illness. Despite similarities in the cause of death structure in the different data sources, hospital statistics under-estimate the prevalence of infectious diseases. In addition, we identify an important gender bias in the utilization of health services in the direction of males being significantly more likely to die in medical facilities than females.

Underlying and contributory causes of death of adult males in two districts

Underlying and contributory causes of death of males aged 45 and above in two districts, have been analyzed by age, continent of birth and place of death. The amount of additional information for individual diseases, gained through inclusion of contributory causes, varies markedly with these characteristics i.e. age, continent of birth and place of death. The findings of this study have shown that certain previously observed regional differences in deaths rates were probably secondary to differences in the composition of the populations of the regions by the said characteristics. Some basic problems, bearing on the epidemiologic interpretation of statistics of causes of death by underlying and contributory causes are discussed on the background of a number of published studies from other countries and of this exploratory study. The main conclusion is that, for a better epidemiological use of this information, it is essential to achieve clearer definition of what constitutes a contributory cause, and more uniformity in the filling of death notifications.

International Adoption of Principles of Morbidity and Mortality Classification

ADOPTION by the First World Health Assembly at Geneva on July 24, 1948, of Regulations No. 1 carried to completion one of the tasks which were given to the Interim Commission of the World Health Organization by the International Health Conference held in New York City in June and July, 1946.1 These regulations, which are to be known as Nomenclature Regulations-1948, provide for the formal adoption, internationally, of the Sixth Revision of the International Lists of Diseases and Causes of Death as well as uniform procedures in the compilation and publication of morbidity and mortality statistics. In conformance with the constitution of the World Health Organization, the regulations will come into force for each member nation one year from date of adoption except for those nations which formally record rejection or reservations within that period. For nearly fifty years the International List of Causes of Death has been used by an increasing number of national and other agencies in the compilation of statistics of causes of death. The Sixth Decennial Revision Conference,

CO-OPERATIVE METHODS FOR IMPROVING THE USEFULNESS OF STATISTICAL CLASSIFICATIONS OF CAUSES OF DEATH.

One of the most important matters involved in the administration of a registration office is the selection and proper use of a statistical classification of causes of death. The mortality from various diseases must be known in order that the value of methods adopted by sanitary officers for their prevention and restriction may be appreciated, and it is important for many reasons that accurate and fully comparable statistics of causes of death be published. This presupposes the use of some classification of causes of death. It may be said that the use of a formal classification is unnecessary, as the causes returned by physicians might be stated in alphabetical order. This would be possible for only the smallest areas of registration, and for short periods of time. For a large city, a state, or for the country as a whole, the number of different terms returned as causes of death