Statistical Data Research Articles

Global Gridded Crop Production Dataset at 10 km Resolution from 2010 to 2020

The global gridded crop production dataset at 10 km resolution from 2010 to 2020 (GGCP10) for maize, wheat, rice, and soybean was developed to address limitations of existing datasets characterized by coarse resolution and discontinuous time spans. GGCP10 was generated using a series of adaptively trained data-driven crop production spatial estimation models integrating multiple data sources, including statistical data, gridded production data, agroclimatic indicator data, agronomic indicator data, global land surface satellite products, and ground data. These models were trained based on agroecological zones to accurately estimate crop production in different agricultural regions. The estimates were then calibrated with regional statistics for consistency. Cross-validation results demonstrated the models’ performance. GGCP10’s accuracy and reliability were evaluated using gridded, survey, and statistical data. This dataset reveals spatiotemporal distribution patterns of global crop production and contributes to understanding mechanisms driving changes in crop production. GGCP10 provides crucial data support for research on global food security and sustainable agricultural development.

Learning European Languages in Russia and Belarus: Trends and Prospects

This article “Learning European Languages in Russia and Belarus: Trends and Prospects” is a research paper devoted to the competitiveness of European languages ​​in the context of the recent trend of Russia and Belarus turning to the East. The purpose of the research is to establish the demand for the main European languages ​​in modern geopolitical realities. The article touches upon both the historical context of the issue and includes a thorough analysis (supported by statistical data and questionnaires) of the demand for European languages ​​in the stated conditions.

Effectiveness and Contribution of Local Taxes to Cirebon Regional Revenue

One of the cities that has a lot of potential for local revenue (PAD) is Cirebon City. Various events, such as concerts, dramas, entertainment, and national and international exhibitions, are organized in Cirebon City. The entertainment tax target for Cirebon City has increased as a result of the enactment of Law No. 1 Year 2022 on Financial Relations between the Central Government and Local Government. Descriptive quantitative approach methodology was used in this study. PAD of Cirebon City in 2017-2022, projection of entertainment tax revenue, and realization of entertainment tax are the statistical data used in this study. According to the study findings, the entertainment tax of Cirebon City has an effectiveness rate of 72.87% from 2017 to 2022 despite having less stringent requirements and a very low contribution rate of 1.42%. In order to help the Cirebon City Government to maximize the potential of its area to generate tax revenue in accordance with the predetermined objectives, this study intends to provide knowledge related to the analysis of the effectiveness and contribution of entertainment tax. Keywords: Contribution, Effectiveness, Entertainment Tax, Local Tax, Local Revenue.

Economical Impact of Regional Air Transportation

The influence of air transportation on regional economic development has garnered attention from scholars, policymakers, and industry leaders. This article aims to examine and assess how regional air transportation contributes to economic growth. The article highlights the impact of regional air travel on economic progress through a review of literature, statistical data, and previous studies. The findings indicate that regional air transportation is vital for economic development, improving connectivity, boosting trade and tourism, supporting infrastructure growth, and fostering entrepreneurship. Increased accessibility through regional airports stimulates business, facilitates goods and services movement, and drives productivity. Additionally, regional air networks support development initiatives by creating jobs and aiding local businesses.

Multi-source inference via mixture of hidden Markov models: application to regional labour statistics in Italy

Abstract The increased availability of a large amount of administrative information suggests investigating new methodological approaches for the production of estimates, based on integrating and combining administrative and statistical survey data. We show how latent variable models can be used for estimating employment proportions in the Italian regions using survey and administrative data, taking into account the deficiencies in the corresponding measurement process and the longitudinal structure of the data. To this purpose, we adopt a mixture of hidden Markov models, a longitudinal extension of latent class analysis; in the model specification, we consider covariates and unobserved heterogeneity of the latent process among the units of the population. The mixture of hidden Markov model is used to evaluate the accuracy of the available administrative sources, to define their use in the statistical production, and to produce statistics on employment status at both regional and national levels of aggregation of the entire population.

Sales strategies with a probabilistic business model of an insurance company: The role of updating and targeting

The major goal of decisions made by a business organization is to enhance business performance. These days, owners, managers and other stakeholders are seeking for opportunities of modelling and automating decisions by analysing the most recent data with the help of artificial intelligence (AI). This study outlines a simple theoretical model framework using internal and external information on current and potential clients and performing calculations followed by immediate updating of contracting probabilities after each sales attempt. This can help increase sales efficiency, revenues, and profits in an easily programmable way and serve as a basis for focusing on the most promising deals customising personal offers of best-selling products for each potential client. The search for new customers is supported by the continuous and systematic collection and analysis of external and internal statistical data, organising them into a unified database, and using a decision support model based on it. As an illustration, the paper presents a fictitious model setup and simulations for an insurance company considering different regions, age groups and genders of clients when analysing probabilities of contracting, average sales and profits per contract. The elements of the model, however, can be generalised or adjusted to any sector. Results show that dynamic targeting strategies based on model calculations and most current information outperform static or non-targeted actions. The process from data to decision-making to improve business performance and the decision itself can be easily algorithmised. The feedback of the results into the model carries the potential for automated self-learning and self-correction. The proposed framework can serve as a basis for a self-sustaining artificial business intelligence system.

COVID-19 REINFECTION PROCESSES: MATHEMATICAL MODELING, DATA FITTING WITH TIME-VARYING PARAMETERS, AND OPTIMAL CONTROL STUDIES

In this paper, we construct a COVID-19 dynamic model that included both the initial and reinfected population compartments, and conduct a structural identifiability analysis of the model parameters to ensure the robustness of the parameter fitting results. We use some actual statistical data from North Carolina to fit the model and estimate the values of some important parameters. In order to accurately fit the parameters in the model, we improve the physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) method in this paper, so that the fitting results can be reproduced on Matlab. The results of this study show that the transmission capacity of the virus in the reinfected person is only slightly lower than that of the first infected person, and vaccination is not effective in reducing the transmission rate of the virus. The death rate of the reinfected is much higher than that of the first infected person. Finally, we conduct a cost-effectiveness study using optimal control methods and found that, while it is easier to reduce reinfection by combining multiple strategies, the most effective strategy for reducing reinfection is to increase treatment cure rates and reduce direct or indirect contact among those who have recovered.

GAN-Based Novel Approach for Generating Synthetic Medical Tabular Data

The generation of synthetic medical data has become a focal point for researchers, driven by the increasing demand for privacy-preserving solutions. While existing generative methods heavily rely on real datasets for training, access to such data is often restricted. In contrast, statistical information about these datasets is more readily available, yet current methods struggle to generate tabular data solely from statistical inputs. This study addresses the gaps by introducing a novel approach that converts statistical data into tabular datasets using a modified Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) architecture. A custom loss function was incorporated into the training process to enhance the quality of the generated data. The proposed method is evaluated using fidelity and utility metrics, achieving “Good” similarity and “Excellent” utility scores. While the generated data may not fully replace real databases, it demonstrates satisfactory performance for training machine-learning algorithms. This work provides a promising solution for synthetic data generation when real datasets are inaccessible, with potential applications in medical data privacy and beyond.

Unpacking the relationship between entrepreneurial marketing activities and small firm performance

PurposeA question remains unresolved in existing cross-disciplinary research at the marketing/entrepreneurship interface (MEI). This features circumstances when employing a combination of market-oriented and entrepreneurially-oriented activities, known as entrepreneurial marketing (EM) behavior, is likely to lead to positive performance outcomes. Earlier mixed findings provide the need to unpack the nuances of EM practices, in terms of their boundary conditions, regarding circumstances where this behavior does or does not lead to performance-enhancing outcomes. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to examine the complexities of the association between EM activities and small firm performance by assessing quadratic and moderating effects.Design/methodology/approachThis study was underpinned by resource-based theory (RBT). Survey responses were collected from 214 smaller-sized companies in the United Kingdom. The statistical data passed all major checks for reliability, different forms of validity, common method variance and endogeneity bias.FindingsEM activities had a quadratic connection with small firm performance, with this relationship being enhanced (in terms of a positive two-way interaction effect) by market dynamism (a counter-intuitive result regarding environmental conditions). Surprisingly, through a post-hoc test, coopetition (cooperation among competitors to leverage assets and overcome resource constraints) did not play any influential part in helping owner-managers to overcome the potential downsides of EM practices, like the time and cost implications of identifying and exploiting opportunities (i.e., a non-significant three-way interaction effect).Originality/valueUnique insights outline how decision-makers in smaller-sized organizations can harness the potential benefits, and minimise the likely drawbacks, of employing EM activities. However, owner-managers should be cautious when implementing these organization-wide practices, since they are likely to enhance performance, but only up to a fixed point. Indeed, excessive forms of EM activities can weaken small firms’ performance. A counter-intuitive positive moderation effect regarding market dynamism challenges certain earlier findings. Specifically, in some dynamic market conditions, EM activities could be performance-enhancing, since certain environmental-level forces might assist owner-managers to amplify the merits of behavior at the MEI when implemented effectively.

STROKE PREVENTION ALTERNATIVE: APPLICATION-BASED STROKE PATH EDUCATION FOR HYPERTENSION PATIENTS

In many regions of the world, hypertension is becoming more common. There are 74.5 million American adults older than 20 who have hypertension, although 90% of these instances have no identified etiology. The signs and symptoms of hypertension can differ from person to person and resemble those of other conditions. It is a silent killer. As a result of the high prevalence of hypertension in primary healthcare and the fact that up to 34.1% of Indonesians under the age of 18 suffer from the condition, there are an estimated 63,209,620 instances of hypertension in the country. In the meantime, there have been 427,218 cases of hypertension-related deaths in Indonesia. If left untreated, hypertension. If hypertension is not treated appropriately, it can damage blood vessels all throughout the body yet the risk of damage to the kidneys, heart, brain, and eyes is the most obvious. With the use of both pharmaceutical and non-pharmacological therapy, these dangers can be avoided and reduced. Knowing how to recognize a stroke clearly can help someone who has hypertension reduce their risk of having one. This research goal is to evaluate the effects of stroke preventive education's "Stroke Path" application-based approach on hypertension patients' knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. A control group and a pre-posttest quasi-experimental design are used in this investigation. The sample size was established by using the test statistic of the mean-variance variance of the two unique teams, and simple random sampling was applied as the sampling method. For the purposes of processing and analyzing statistical data, paired and independent t-tests were used in this study. Outcomes of the application-based stroke path education intervention in terms of knowledge, attitude, and behavior (p=0.000, respectively). In conclusion, application-based stroke prevention education is effective at enhancing patients' knowledge, attitudes, and behavior..

The Role of Lifelong Learning in Labour Market Competitiveness

Technological advancements and global economic shifts increasingly necessitate lifelong learning to adapt to dynamic labor market conditions. This study aims to investigate the role of lifelong learning in enhancing labor market competitiveness, professional development, and societal progress, while integrating the principles of the circular economy to highlight sustainable education practices. The research focuses on how continuous skill development fosters resilience and adaptability among workers and supports resource efficiency and sustainability goals. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining primary and secondary data. The primary research included qualitative interviews with individuals who successfully transitioned through retraining, as well as a quantitative survey targeting employed adults. These methods provided comprehensive insights into the motivations, challenges, and outcomes of lifelong learning. Secondary research involved an extensive literature review and analysis of relevant statistical data to contextualize the findings. The results emphasize the critical importance of lifelong learning in mitigating barriers to employability, such as skill obsolescence and labor market disruptions. The study reveals that integrating circular economy principles into education fosters resource-conscious decision-making and equips workers with the competencies required for sustainable development. Despite obstacles like limited time and financial constraints, participants consistently reported enhanced professional value, increased employability, and greater personal fulfillment through lifelong learning. The added value of this research lies in its interdisciplinary approach, bridging human resource development and sustainability. By linking lifelong learning with the circular economy, the study provides actionable insights for policymakers, educators, and businesses aiming to create a resilient, innovative, and sustainable workforce. This alignment supports not only individual career advancement but also broader societal and environmental goals, contributing to long-term economic growth and stability.

The Role of the Capital of the Chinese Diaspora in the Economic Development of the PRC during the Reform Period (1979 – early 2020s)

The paper focuses on assessing the influence of the Chinese diaspora (overseas Chinese, in Chinese: huaqiao-huaren) on the economic development of the People’s Republic of China in the course of the reform and opening-up policy (1979-2020s). The author has studied virtually all the key official documents of the PRC leadership, which effectively engaged the Chinese diaspora in the nation’s long-term strategy of socialist modernisation. Based on the analysis of a large body of academic literature and statistical data, the author identified three main stages in the development of overseas Chinese enterprises in the PRC: 1979-1991, original capital accumulation and the policy of labour-intensive production of export products; 1992-2007, an investment boom and the transition from labour-intensive to capital-intensive production of export products; 2008-early 2020s, the transition to high-tech production and the replacement of foreign enterprises. Each stage is characterised in the context of the PRC’s diaspora policy and key developments in China and the world. The paper analyses the sectoral structure of the business activities of overseas Chinese-owned enterprises in the PRC. It shows that for almost the entire period of the reform and opening up policy, these companies focused on manufacturing, while their interest in the service sector was also growing. In total, overseas Chinese invested USD1.9 trillion in the PRC between 1979 and 2022, accounting for more than 67% of China’s total FDI stock. The author concludes that the PRC leadership has rationally used the resources of the Chinese diaspora to ensure their full participation in China’s economic development during the reform and opening-up period.

Lesson for the future climate migration. A study of relocation and development of new settlements in urban peripheries based on spatial dispersion of forced migrants in Serbia between 1991 and 2021

Climate migrations are going to affect the spatial structure in many regions of the world. We are now able to research long-term displacement and its spatial effects. Using the example of Serbia and the 30-year history of migration after the conflicts connected with the collapse of the former Yugoslavia, the article analyses the accompanying processes. The aim of this article is to study the spatial effects of long-term (forced) migration. The research is based on sociological and spatial planning methods, i.e. statistical data, geospatial information and institutional document analysis. The analyses show social and spatial trends in migration and settlement formation in Serbia between 1991 and 2021.

The parties of the parliamentary opposition in the elections to representative bodies of local self-government in 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of the electoral results of opposition political parties in the local government elections, which took place in September 2024. Considering the opposition as the most important element of the modern political system, the author justifies the importance of the presence of opposition political parties at all levels of government. Based on the analysis of latest data of electoral statistics, it is shown that the possibilities of political competition at local elections are slightly higher than at the regional and federal levels. It can be explained by the lower interest of the regional political elite participating in municipal government, especially against the background of a decrease in the budget provision of local government and permanent reforms of the local government. Analyzing the reforms of local self-government the author comes to the conclusion about the gradual integration of local self-government bodies into the general vertical of power and to reproduce its dependence on federal and regional authorities. This, in turn, leads to a low level of trust in the LSG on the part of citizens. At the same time, parties at the local level are becoming important actors of civil society and the main participants in the electoral process, but less than half of the registered political parties are currently becoming participants. The author shows that the main beneficiary of the elections is the United Russia party, while the opposition parties are content to participate rather than win. A typology of opposition political parties is proposed, which is based on the activity of participation in election campaigns (the number of candidates nominated, the number of regions where parties participate, the number of mandates received after the distribution of votes).

Социальные факторы формирования лидеров общественного мнения в медиапространстве средствами креативных индустрий

Social media influencers and opinion leaders are an important social phenomenon. As social networks become more important in all spheres of life, the communicative distance between the media producer and the media consumer keeps shrinking, marking a focus shift to content consumption. Creative industries are an important factor in developing social media influencers. This research features the social factors that contribute to the formation and sustainability of social media influencers through creative industries. The authors conducted a content analysis of documentary sources published as textual or visual content on various media platforms, i.e., social networks, video hosting, or blogs, to identify the key topics, images, and representations broadcast by opinion leaders. A secondary analysis of sociological research data and online analytical reviews made it possible to study the influence of opinion leaders on public attitudes and consumer behavior, including by means of creative industries. The data obtained were processed using the SPSS statistical package and data analysis software. The formation of social media influencers proved to be a complex process, where social determinants are even more important than economic, political, or other aspects. The research revealed nine groups of factors in shaping the social media influencers that target young population: technology; popularity; publicity; media coverage; the role of social capital and its monetization; media trends and representations formed by million-follower bloggers; influence on social behavior; personal qualities; risk factors. Social media influencers act through creativity, creative industries, expressive and visual means of musical and plastic arts, etc. They are strategically important stakeholders in business and other social spheres as they shape the current behavioral patterns of young people.

PECULIARITIES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF GASTRONOMIC TOURISM IN GEORGIA

The article examines the essence of gastronomic tourism and its structure, considers its various definitions developed by foreign and domestic scholars. Gastronomic tourism is one of the types of excursion and educational tourism that was formed at the end of the 20th century. This is a relatively new but extremely interesting direction of the tourism business, which is actively developing, allowing travellers to learn about the cuisine of different countries and ethnic groups. The research uses the methods of structural-logical and semantic analysis (to clarify the terminology and conceptual apparatus of gastronomic tourism); system analysis (to assess the current state and prerequisites for the development of GT in Georgia), statistical method (to assess the place of GT in the tourist industry of Georgia), graphic method (for visual presentation of statistical data). The formation and development of gastronomic tourism in the world, its importance for the formation of the image of the territory are analysed. It is determined that gastronomic tourism is an integral part of all tours, and gastronomy has the potential to increase the attractiveness of the tourist product and tourist destination in general. It is proved that creating a favourable image of a country through the prism of national cuisine is a successful marketing ploy that helps attract tourists. It is intended, on the one hand, for tourists seeking knowledge and experience of new cultures, and, on the other hand, it provides additional value to the brands of tourist destinations. The influence of international (the World Food Travel Association and others) and national gastronomic tourism organisations on its development is characterised. The place of gastronomic tourism in the tourism industry of Georgia and the prospects for its development are analysed. It is proved that the culinary and wine sectors of Georgia play an important role. Thus, the contribution of the "Food and beverage service activities" sector in recent years has been approximately 20% in the GDP structure of the tourism industry. The analysis of the Georgian tourism sector has shown that gastronomic tourism in Georgia has significant potential to contribute to the development of new quality tourism products and experience. For its part, the National Tourism Administration of Georgia is doing its utmost to promote gastronomic tourism both nationally and internationally.

The Effect of Capital Structure, Profitability, Liquidity, and Solvency on Firm Value with Managerial Ownership as a Moderating Variable in Food and Beverage Sub-Sector Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2020-2023

The purpose of this study was to analyze how the influence of capital structure, profitability, liquidity, and solvency, can affect firm value moderated by managerial ownership in food and beverage sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2020-2023. This research was conducted on food and beverage sub-sector companies listed on the IDX, data information was obtained through the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange www.idx.com, the sampling technique used purposive sampling with a population of 94 food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2020-2023 and a sample of 16 companies. Tests were carried out with regression panel data analysis and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) using E-views statistical data processing software. The results of this study indicate that liquidity and solvency variables have no significant effect on firm value, capital structure variables and profitability have a significant effect on firm value. Managerial ownership is also unable to moderate the relationship between capital structure, profitability, liquidity, and solvency on firm value.

Battleground Michigan: The Divided Political Trajectory of the American Working Classes

Abstract The political behavior of core demographic voting blocs in critical swing states can be elucidated by Marxist class analysis. Through 22 interviews, participatory observation, novel analysis of statistical data and a review of extant literature, we argue that it is possible to construct a tentative sketch of the class dynamics operating within the state’s electorate today. We find, whereas downwardly mobile white workers are the core demographic group who can connect with Donald Trump’s campaign message, it is upwardly mobile workers of all races who are the mass base of Kamala Harris’ campaign, while Muslim immigrant workers with their unique relationship to American imperialism are at the core of Judith Stein and the Green Party’s voting base. Beyond this basic analysis, we also assess the contradictions between different class-inflected demographic groups within the Harris coalition that had to be overcome for the Democratic Party to carry this November. We argue that political economists should watch and study the November 2024 election as a test of American worker acceptance of the neoliberal superstructure, as would be evidenced by a Harris victory.

Support for the self-employed as an area for scaling small business in the context of sustainable economic development

Subject. This article discusses the issues of supporting the self-employed as part of the implementation of the public policy to support small and medium-sized businesses, as well as the identification of risks arising in the process of providing reactive measures of government support to the self-employed. Objectives. The article aims to conduct a comprehensive study of the results of scaling up the business of the self-employed who have received government support, considering the Sverdlovsk Oblast statistical data as a case study, as well as to test the author-developed methodology for ranking the sustainability and risks of the self-employed. Methods. For the study, we used chronological and comparative analyses, statistical observation, and ranking. Results. The article determines the level of business and socially oriented business growth potential of the self-employed, and assesses the possibilities for the transition of the self-employed to the category of small and medium-sized businesses. Conclusions. Based on the study, the article concludes that it is necessary to apply the target indicators enshrined in State programmes to support entrepreneurship when assessing the scaling of small businesses of the self-employed.

Method validation and geochemical modelling of chromium speciation in natural waters

The study focuses on validating reference methods such as ICP-OES and ICP-MS for detecting ultra-trace levels of chromium in groundwater, where concentrations are typically very low. Additionally, it verifies a hyphenated technique, IC-ICP-MS, for determining naturally occurring Cr(VI) in tested waters. The validation process involved various chromium analysis variants, including isotopes 52Cr and 53Cr in ICP-MS and IC-ICP-MS techniques, along with specific emission lines in the ICP-OES technique. Statistical data processing revealed that the achieved limits of quantification for Cr in different techniques ranged from 0.053 µg/L to 1.3 µg/L, with the associated measurement uncertainty estimated between 14% and 19% (at a coverage factor k = 2, 95%). For speciation analysis, it was possible to quantitatively determine Cr(VI) at concentrations as low as 0.12 µg/L, with the measurement uncertainty ranging between 10% and 14%. The Kruskal-Wallis test indicated that for the 14 water samples analysed, there was no statistically significant difference in the results obtained using different analytical techniques (p > 0.05). The geochemical modelling approach applied enhances the understanding of chromium speciation in water samples, verifying the accuracy of speciation analysis and identifying specific ion forms in which Cr(III) and Cr(VI) occur. In the analysed water samples, the concentration of Cr(VI) ranges between 0.13 and 35 µg/L, with the primary form identified as the oxoanion CrO42−. Importantly, statistical tests demonstrated no statistically significant differences between the total chromium concentration in water and the concentration of Cr(VI), indicating that the entire concentration of total chromium corresponds to Cr(VI) speciation.