ABSTRACT This study investigates the behaviour patterns of four key roles within Army units – policy initiators, policymakers, implementers (or supervisors), and policy beneficiaries – during the development of new policies, defined by the Army as those significantly diverging from previous practices. The research finds that when policymakers and implementers align with initiators and adopt a policy beneficiary-centred approach throughout planning, execution, and evaluation, there is a positive correlation with the policy’s long-term sustainability. Conversely, when policymakers operate within an authoritarian or hierarchical culture, focusing on the demands of initiators rather than addressing the needs of the policy beneficiaries, the policy outcomes often fall short. Through in-depth interviews with senior officers and surveys of Army personnel regarding policies that promote voluntary activities for soldiers, the study identifies these roles and analyzes their dynamics. Statistical methods, including T-tests, R programming (Central Limit Theorem, Monte Carlo Method), and decision tree analysis, validate the hypotheses. The study’s findings contribute to existing literature by offering a “gear model” centered on policy beneficiaries, providing a practical framework for future policy development. This model underscores the importance of considering all roles in policy formulation to ensure effective and sustainable outcomes.