Statistical Appendix Research Articles

Does Adjunctive Clindamycin Have a Role in Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia? A Protocol for the Adjunctive Treatment Domain of the Staphylococcus aureus Network Adaptive Platform (SNAP) Randomized Controlled Trial.

The use of adjunctive antibiotics directed against exotoxin production in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) is widespread, and it is recommended in many guidelines, but this is based on limited evidence. Existing guidelines are based on the theoretical premise of toxin suppression, as many strains of S. aureus produce toxins such as leukocidins (eg, Panton-Valentine leukocidin, toxic shock syndrome toxin 1, exfoliative toxins, and various enterotoxins). Many clinicians therefore believe that limiting exotoxin production release by S. aureus could reduce its virulence and improve clinical outcomes. Clindamycin, a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic, is commonly used for this purpose. We report the domain-specific protocol, embedded in a large adaptive, platform trial, seeking to definitively answer this question. The Staphylococcus aureus Network Adaptive Platform (SNAP) trial is a pragmatic, randomized, multicenter adaptive platform trial that aims to compare different SAB therapies, simultaneously, for 90-day mortality rates. The adjunctive treatment domain aims to test the effectiveness of adjunctive antibiotics, initially comparing clindamycin to no adjunctive antibiotic, but future adaptations may include other agents. Individuals will be randomized to receive either 5 days of adjunctive clindamycin (or lincomycin) or no adjunctive antibiotic therapy alongside standard-of-care antibiotics. Most participants with SAB (within 72 hours of index blood culture and with no contraindications) will be eligible to participate in this domain. Prespecified analyses are defined in the statistical appendix to the core protocol, and domain-specific secondary analyses will be adjusted for resistance to clindamycin, disease phenotype (complicated or uncomplicated SAB) and Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive isolate.

Appendix: Rural migration and agricultural modernization. An analysis of provincial Spain during its great rural exodus, 1960–1981

Statistical appendix to the article: Rural migration and agricultural modernization. An analysis of provincial Spain during its great rural exodus, 1960–1981

Statistical Appendix and Supplementary Information: No News is Bad News: The Internet, Corruption, and the Decline of the Fourth Estate

Statistical Appendix and Supplementary Information: No News is Bad News: The Internet, Corruption, and the Decline of the Fourth Estate

Altos ingresos, recursos naturales y populismo. La desigualdad en Colombia en el espejo latinoamericano (1938-1988)

The paper makes three primary contributions. First, it presents an alternative method of estimating income inequality, one based on dynamic social tables, that allows measuring top incomes shares when fiscal records are not available. The second contribution is the series of estimations themselves, which are included in the statistical appendix. Third, it presents a comparative historical analysis of the results. Overall, it concludes that the rise in coffee prices in Colombia during and after World War II primarily benefited landowners and thus resulted in an increase in the income share of the top 1% as well as in total inequality. The comparative analysis suggests that the trend, which differentiates Colombia from other Latin American countries, was the result of the nation’s lack of populism.

Statistical appendix for the Meta-analysis "Antiemetics for reducing vomiting related to acute gastroenteritis in children and adolescents"

Statistical appendix for the Meta-analysis "Antiemetics for reducing vomiting related to acute gastroenteritis in children and adolescents"

Oscar Charleston: The Life and Legend of Baseball’s Greatest Forgotten Player by Jeremy Beer

Reviewed by: Oscar Charleston: The Life and Legend of Baseball’s Greatest Forgotten Player by Jeremy Beer Thomas Wolf Jeremy Beer. Oscar Charleston: The Life and Legend of Baseball’s Greatest Forgotten Player. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2019. 472 pp. Cloth, $29.95. On August 9, 1976, more than two decades after Oscar Charleston’s death, the great Negro Leagues ballplayer was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown. At the induction ceremony, Charleston’s sister, Katherine, remarked that Oscar’s “life was baseball” (331). Jeremy Beer’s splendid biography tells the story of that complicated and fascinating life. For nearly forty years, Charleston excelled as a player, manager, and scout. For two seasons, he worked as an umpire in the Negro National League (306). He bridged several generations of players and saw the sport change, both in [End Page 228] terms of how it was played and in who was allowed to play at the Major League level. As a player, he moved from team to team, and league to league, playing not only in the states, but also internationally in the Philippines, Cuba, and the Dominican Republic. Although he is best known for his performance as a Negro League player in the early twentieth century, he also played nine seasons of winter ball in Cuba and often competed against the best white major leaguers in exhibition games. The statistical record is incomplete, though Beer has done an impressive job of documenting Charleston’s twenty-six seasons as a professional ballplayer. The book includes a statistical appendix that provides data on nearly seven thousand at-bats, though Beer acknowledges that some unknown number of Charleston’s at-bats are missing from this tabulation. The appendix also notes that Charleston compiled a 606-535 record as a manager. To assess Charleston’s skill and place in the game, Beer offers anecdotal tributes from his contemporaries, the players, and sportswriters who saw him in action. Respected for his skills, leadership, and baseball intelligence, he earned the admiration of his competitors. Many likened Charleston to other great outfielders of his era, specifically Ty Cobb and Tris Speaker: Cobb for his competitive nature; Speaker for his abilities as a defensive centerfielder. The Chicago Defender sportswriters accorded him the highest possible honor, frequently referring to him as the “colored Babe Ruth” (124). The comparison to Ruth doesn’t quite hold up, at least in terms of their respective numbers as power hitters. Beer’s appendix credits Charleston with 209 home runs, a far cry from Ruth’s total of 714. Charleston’s other key stats—batting average, slugging percentage—more closely resemble the numbers put up by Cobb and another contemporary, Rogers Hornsby. Granted, Charleston’s stats are only a fragment of his entire record, and it is a challenge for any baseball researcher or analyst to evaluate players across eras or, in Charleston’s case, to compare his performance in the Negro Leagues with the skills of his contemporaries in the white major leagues. Thus, some of the richest and most compelling testimony in Beer’s narrative comes from his description of Charleston’s success in games played against white all-star teams. Over the years, Charleston competed in exhibition games against players like Lou Gehrig, Jimmie Foxx, Lefty Grove, Al Simmons, and Walter Johnson. From all accounts presented here, Charleston demonstrated that he had the flair and abilities of the greatest Major Leaguers. No less an authority than Bill James concurs. In his Historical Baseball Abstract, James ranks Charleston as the fourth greatest baseball player of all time, surpassed only by Babe Ruth, Honus Wagner, and Willie Mays (11). Charleston’s career began five years before the Negro Leagues were formed [End Page 229] and continued through the early years of integrated baseball. Beer documents the rough times these teams confronted at their inception, noting the financial and logistical challenges faced by owners and players during an era when brawls were common, and umpires sometimes carried firearms to protect themselves from angry fans or competitors (113). In later years, as a scout for Branch Rickey, Charleston discovered and recommended Roy Campanella to Rickey, who signed the future Hall...

Nuevas estimaciones de distribución del ingreso en Colombia entre 1938 y 1988. Metodología de estimación y principales resultados

El artículo presenta diversos indicadores de distribución del ingreso para Colombia entre 1938 y 1988. Al presente, la información disponible para esos años se limita a seis observaciones: 1938, 1951, 1964, 1971, 1978 y 1988 (Londoño, 1995). El aporte central del artículo consiste en ampliar dicha información mediante la elaboración de estadísticas de periodicidad anual para todo el periodo. En el texto se detallan los procedimientos seguidos en la estimación y se presentan los resultados. Las series estimadas se incluyen en el apéndice estadístico.

Quota Formula - Data Update

The IMF staff has updated individual member country data for the variables used in the quota formula for the period 2001-13. The staff paper also presents updated calculated quota shares based on the current quota formula. The current quota formula includes a GDP variable, which is a blend of GDP at market rates and GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP), openness, variability, and international reserves. The International Monetary and Financial Committee has called for agreement on a new quota formula as part of the 15th General Review of Quotas. The paper presents a limited set of illustrative simulations of possible reforms of the quota formula using the updated quota data. These simulations are purely illustrative and do not represent proposals. The new data tables that can be downloaded via the below link include also the comparable value of each variable for the previous quota dataset, which was based on data covering the period 2000-2012. The information is presented in millions of SDRs (Table A1) and in percent of their respective global totals (Tables A2 and A3). A table showing calculated quota shares based on the current quota formula is also included (Table A4). Data sources and a description of the quota variables are discussed in Quota Formula – Data Update - Statistical Appendix; IMF Policy Paper; July 2015. Download Quota Data: Updated IMF Quota Formula Variables - July 2015

Enhancement opportunities in operating room utilization; with a statistical appendix

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to assess the direct and indirect relationships between first-case tardiness (or “late start”), turnover time, underused operating room (OR) time, and raw utilization, as well as to determine which indicator had the most negative impact on OR utilization to identify improvement potential. Furthermore, we studied the indirect relationships of the three indicators of “nonoperative” time on OR utilization, to recognize possible “trickle down” effects during the day. Materials and methods(Multiple) linear regression analysis and mediation effect analysis were applied to a data set from all eight University Medical Centers in the Netherlands. This data set consisted of 190,071 OR days (on which 623,871 surgical cases were performed). ResultsUnderused OR time at the end of the day had the strongest influence on raw utilization, followed by late start and turnover time. The relationships between the three “nonoperative” time indicators were negligible. The impact of the partial indirect effects of “nonoperative” time indicators on raw utilization were statistically significant, but relatively small. The “trickle down” effect that late start can cause resulting in an increased delay as the day progresses, was not supported by our results. ConclusionsThe study findings clearly suggest that OR utilization can be improved by focusing on the reduction of underused OR time at the end of the day. Improving the prediction of total procedure time, improving OR scheduling by, for example, altering the sequencing of operations, changing patient cancellation policies, and flexible staffing of ORs adjusted to patient needs, are means to reduce “nonoperative” time.

Quota Formula—Data Update and Further Considerations

The IMF staff has updated individual member country data for the variables used in the quota formula for the period 2000-12. The updated database also incorporates the recently released 2011 International Comparison Program (ICP) global estimates for purchasing power parity rates (PPP) rates. The staff paper also presents updated calculated quota shares based on the current quota formula. The current quota formula includes a GDP variable, which is a blend of GDP at market rates and GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP), openness, variability, and international reserves. The International Monetary and Financial Committee has called for agreement on a new quota formula as part of the 15th General Review of Quotas. The paper presents a limited set of illustrative simulations of possible reforms of the quota formula using the updated quota data. These simulations are purely illustrative and do not represent proposals. The new data tables that can be downloaded via the below link include also the comparable value of each variable for the previous quota dataset, which was based on data covering the period 1999-2011. The information is presented in millions of SDRs (Table A1) and in percent of their respective global totals (Tables A2 and A3). A table showing calculated quota shares based on the current quota formula is also included (Table A4). Data sources and a description of the quota variables are discussed in Quota Formula – Data Update and Further Considerations - Statistical Appendix; IMF Policy Paper; July 2014. Download Quota Data: Updated IMF Quota Formula Variables - July 2014

Quota Formula - Data Update and Further Considerations

The IMF staff has updated individual member country data for the variables used in the quota formula for the period 1999-2011; the tables also include the comparable value of each variable for the previous quota dataset, which was based on data covering the period 1998-2010. The information is presented in millions of SDRs (Table A1) and in percent of their respective global totals (Tables A2 and A3). A table showing calculated quota shares based on the quota formula is also included (Table A4). The current quota formula includes a GDP variable, which is a blend of GDP at market rates and GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP), openness, variability, and international reserves (see Box 1 in Reform of Quota and Voice in the International Monetary Fund-Draft Report of the Executive Board to the Board of Governors). Data sources and a description of the quota variables are discussed in Quota Formula – Data Update and Further Considerations - Statistical Appendix; IMF Policy Paper; June 2013. Download Quota Data: Updated IMF Quota Formula Variables - July 2013

Confucianism, democratization, and human rights in Taiwan

Chapter 1. Confucianism and Democratization in East Asia Chapter 2. Confucian Values and Elite Support for Liberal Democracy in Taiwan Chapter 3. The Effect of Confucian Values on Public Support for Democratization and Human Rights in Taiwan Chapter 4. The Treatment of Confucianism in Taiwanese Textbooks Before and After Democratization Chapter 5. The Role of Confucianism in Taiwanese Legislative Debates over Democratization and Human Rights Chapter 6. Toward a Liberal-Democratic Confucianism: Evidence from Taiwan Glossary of Non-English Terms Statistical Appendix

Kingdom of the Netherlands-Aruba: Selected Issues and Statistical Appendix

Kingdom of the Netherlands-Aruba: Selected Issues and Statistical Appendix

A Programmer's Command to Build Formatted Statistical Tables

The frmttable command is a tool for experienced users and programmers to create formatted tables from statistics and write them to Word or LATEX files. My objective is to provide as much control over the layout and formatting of the statistical tables as possible in both file formats while keeping the syntax simple. Users can create rectangular tables with any configuration of data and text; specify numeric formats, font sizes, and font types at the table cell level; specify row spacing; and place lines in or around the table. A complex table can be built by merging or appending new statistics to an existing table, and multiple tables can be included in the same document, making it possible to create a fully formatted statistical appendix from a single do-file. In this article, I provide examples of the ways in which programmers call frmttable to create formatted tables of statistics.

Quota Formula Review - Further Considerations - Statistical Appendix

This paper is a Statistical Appendix to complement the Quota Formula Review—Further Considerations.

Italy's Financial Accounts Since 1950

This paper reconstructs the main items in the Italian financial accounts since 1950, providing unconsolidated end-of-year stocks. To allow for a meaningful interpretation of the dynamics over time, existing sources have been harmonized as regards the definitions of the institutional sectors and the classification of the different financial instruments.We also provide a description of the main methodological discontinuities and the definitions of institutional sectors and financial instruments as these evolve over time.A statistical appendix concludes the paper, reporting the time series for all the sectors and all the financial instruments from 1950 to 2004. This data-set represents a useful tool in assessing the long-run trends in the Italian financial structure.

Quota Formula Review - Data Update and Further Considerations - Statistical Appendix

This appendix discusses the required data, the selection of the database, and the derivation of the data series used for the quota calculations

A New System for Formatting Estimation Tables

I present an entirely rewritten version of the outreg command, which creates tables from the results of Stata estimation commands and generates formatted Microsoft Word or LATEX files. My objective is to provide as complete control as is practical over the layout and formatting of the estimation tables in both file formats. outreg provides a wide range of estimation statistics (including confidence intervals and marginal effects), can control the number and arrangement of the statistics displayed, and can merge subsequent estimation results into the same table. Users can specify numeric formats, font sizes, and font types at the table cell level, as well as lines in the table and row spacing. Multiple tables can be written to the same document, making it possible to create a fully formatted statistical appendix from a do-file. I demonstrate in examples the numerous formatting options for the outreg command.

United Arab Emirates: Selected Issues and Statistical Appendix

United Arab Emirates: Selected Issues and Statistical Appendix

Kuwait: Selected Issues and Statistical Appendix

Kuwait: Selected Issues and Statistical Appendix