Statistical Analysis Of Incidence Research Articles

Medical and statistical analysis of incidence, mortality, and timeliness of breast cancer diagnosis in Ukraine

Medical and statistical analysis of incidence, mortality, and timeliness of breast cancer diagnosis in Ukraine

Statistical analysis of incidents on onshore CO2 pipelines based on PHMSA database

The development of an integrated network for the management of carbon dioxide requires knowledge and optimization of all Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) aspects, including pipeline transport. Safety is one of the aspects that should be addressed prior CCUS facilities come in operation; the risk for people should be assessed to ensure it is below an acceptable level. In some cases, a quantitative risk assessment (QRA) is required by the approval authority. Normally the risk assessment is based on the use of statistical/historical data. However, for CO2 handling systems the operating experience is limited compared to hydrocarbon transporting systems and, for this reason, hydrocarbon pipeline statistics are normally used as a proxy. The only database that contains records on CO2 pipelines is the PHMSA since in the U.S. several CO2 pipelines have been constructed since the 1970's, essentially for Enhanced Oil Recovery operations. There is limited statistical data available compared to the hydrocarbon pipelines experience and therefore care should be taken when undertaking the frequency analysis. In this work an analysis of incidents data related to the onshore CO2 pipelines in the U.S. between 1985 and 2021 reported by the Pipeline Hazardous Material Safety Administration (PHMSA) of the U.S. Department of Transportation is presented. The aim of the study is to analyze the records contained in the PHMSA database to provide an estimate of a specific CO2 pipeline failure rate to be used in quantitative risk assessments. Concerns and limitations of the data have been also discussed.

Statistical analysis of incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in China, 2015

Objective: To estimate the incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer in China in 2015. Methods: The data from 501 cancer registries in China collected by the National Cancer Center were reviewed and evaluated, and the qualified data were included in the final analysis. According to the national population data in 2015, the nationwide incidence and mortality of the prostate cancer were estimated. Chinese standard population in 2000 and world Segi's population were used to calculate the age-standardized (ASR) incidence and mortality rates (ASR China and world, respectively). Results: After data review, the data reported by 368 registries were included in the final analysis, covering a total population of 309 553 499, accounting for 22.52% of the national population at the end of 2015. There were 72 thousand new prostate cancer cases estimated in China in 2015, with a crude incidence rate of 10.23/100 000. The ASR China and ASR world are 6.59/100 000 and 6.47/100 000, respectively, which is the sixth incidence of male malignant tumor.The estimated number of prostate cancer death was 3.07 thousand in China in 2015, with a crude mortality rate of 4.36/100 000; The ASR China and ASR world mortality rates were 2.61/100 000 and 2.65/100 000, respectively, which is the tenth leading cause of death in male malignant tumor.The ASR China incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in males were higher in urban areas (8.40/100 000 and 3.11/100 000) than those in rural areas (4.16/100 000 and 1.90/100 000). The incidence and mortality rates in the eastern areas (8.54/100 000 and 2.99/100 000) were higher than those in the central (5.28/100 000 and 2.34/100 000) and western areas (5.32/100 000 and 2.37/100 000) of China. Conclusions: The incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer in China are lower than the global average, but there is an increasing trend. The incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in China have obvious regional differences.

Incidence of haematological malignancies in adults in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county, Hungary. Analysis of data of a 36-year period

During a 36-year period (between January 1, 1983 and December 31, 2018), 5159 adult patients with newly diagnosed haematological malignancy were registered in the leukaemia/lymphoma registry of Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county. The review of the incidence of different haematological malignancy in the authors' county, and the changes of incidence from time to time, the associated haematological malignancies, and familial occurrence of malignant haematological diseases. Detailed analysis of the data of the registry, with statistical analysis of incidence. The incidence of Hodgkin disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (1.49 and 7.12 new cases, respectively/100000 inhabitants/year) was a little smaller, that of essential thrombocythaemia was larger than in the published data. The incidence of all other haematological malignancies corresponded to the data of the literature. The change of incidence of all malignant haematological diseases was similar to the published data. In the registry, there were 35 patients with two different malignant haematological diseases appearing simultaneously or successively. During the 36-year period, 88 families with haematological malignancies were recorded in the registry. With the exception of Hodgkin disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and essential thrombocythaemia, the incidence of other haematological malignancies corresponded to the data of the literature. The change of incidence in all entities was similar to that observed by other authors. The authors in their country do not know other published data related to associated malignant haematological diseases. The observed anteposition in familial haematological diseases of uncle/aunt and nephew/cousin, and anteposition in malignant haematological diseases of siblings are equally new in the literature. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(34): 1400-1413.

A statistical analysis of incidence, etiology, and management of palatal fistula.

Objective:The purpose of this study was to retrospectively review the incidence, profile, and the management of palatal fistula occurring in patients operated for cleft palate in our institute.Materials and Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on all cleft palatal fistula patients who presented during the period from August 2007 to October 2017, to classify their site, age of presentation, surgery performed, and outcome. A record of the type of cleft palate and previous palatoplasty was also obtained. The outcome in terms of incidence and fistula formation depending on Veau's classification was analyzed.Results:Twenty-two patients reported with palatal fistula during this period. The incidence of fistula formation of our institute was 9.6%. Incisive foramen (13/22) was the most common site of fistula formation. Among various techniques used, local and buccal flaps were found to be useful in a maximum number of cases (14/22). The rate of fistula recurrence was 18.2% (4/22). On retrospective analysis of our institutional data, it was found that the incidence of cleft palate fistula was significantly higher in clefts with Veau Types III and IV (13/18) as compared to Veau Types I and II (5/18).Conclusion:This study shows that the fistula rate of our institution was 9.6%. Complete clefts (unilateral or bilateral) involving both primary and secondary palates predispose more to fistula formation.

Developing a Versatile Subway Construction Incident Database for Safety Management

AbstractIt is very difficult to implement quantitative risk assessment (QRA) for safety management in subway construction because of to the shortage of sufficient information about accidents happening in subway construction. QRA contains, for example, the statistical analysis of incidents, the calculation of safety precursors, and a foundation of precursor early warning systems. To enhance the possibility of QRA and further the safety management in subway construction, a versatile subway construction incident database (SCID) was developed. SCID is composed of three kinds of incidents—inclusive of accidents, near-misses, and unsafe behaviors/conditions. First, this paper researched in-depth on the relationship and differentiation among incident, accident, near-miss, and unsafe behavior/condition, and the methodology of data collection about subway construction incident was represented. Second, Microsoft Access 2007 was employed as the software platform and each part of SCID was devised. Then, the organizat...

Process safety improvement—Quality and target zero

Process safety practitioners have adopted quality management principles in design of process safety management systems with positive effect, yet achieving safety objectives sometimes remain a distant target. Companies regularly apply tools and methods which have roots in quality and productivity improvement. The “plan, do, check, act” improvement loop, statistical analysis of incidents (non-conformities), and performance trending popularized by Dr. Deming are now commonly used in the context of process safety. Significant advancements in HSE performance are reported after applying methods viewed as fundamental for quality management. In pursuit of continual process safety improvement, the paper examines various quality improvement methods, and explores how methods intended for product quality can be additionally applied to continual improvement of process safety. Methods such as Kaizen, Poke yoke, and TRIZ, while long established for quality improvement, are quite unfamiliar in the process safety arena. These methods are discussed for application in improving both process safety leadership and field work team performance. Practical ways to advance process safety, based on the methods, are given.

Epidemiological trends for human plague in Madagascar during the second half of the 20th century: a survey of 20 900 notified cases

To describe the principal characteristics and epidemiological trends for human plague in modern times based on the largest reported series of cases from the highly active Malagasy focus. We used a file of 20,900 notified cases of suspected plague, 4,473 of which were confirmed or probable, to carry out a statistical analysis of incidence and mortality rates and associated factors for 5-year periods from 1957 to 2001. Our analysis of trends showed (1) an increase in the incidence rate and the number of districts affected, (2) an increase in the proportion of bubonic forms (64.8-96.8%) at the expense of the pneumonic forms (35.2-3.2%) more frequent in elderly subjects and (3) a decrease in case fatality rate (CFR, 55.7-20.9%) associated with five factors: clinical form, season, province, urban/rural and period considered. The median age of patients was 14 years and more men than women were affected. Since the end of the 1980s, the incidence of plague in Madagascar has increased in both rural and urban areas, because of multiple socioeconomic and environmental factors. However, the plague mortality rate has tended to decrease, together with the frequency of pneumonic forms, because of the strengthening of control measures. Making dipstick tests for the rapid diagnosis of human cases and epizootics in rats available for health structures should make it possible to raise the alarm and to react rapidly, thereby further decreasing morbidity and CFR.

Psychoses associated with thyrotoxicosis - 'thyrotoxic psychosis.' A report of 18 cases, with statistical analysis of incidence.

To report a series of newly diagnosed thyrotoxic patients with concurrent acute psychosis, and to assess the association between the two disorders. Retrospective study of thyrotoxic patients with associated psychosis ('thyrotoxic psychosis'; TP) requiring inpatient psychiatric care. New Zealand thyrotoxicosis annual incidence figures and first psychiatric admission rates for affective psychosis were utilised to statistically assess the co-occurrence of thyrotoxicosis and affective psychosis. During the 20-year study period, 18 inpatients (16 women and 2 men), mean age 54 years, with TP were identified. No patient had a past history of thyrotoxicosis, but four had required psychiatric inpatient care many years earlier. Thyrotoxicosis was documented by radioimmunoassay of thyroid hormone levels, and thyroid scintiscan. Psychiatric manifestations were classified using ICD9 criteria. Thyroid hormone levels were markedly elevated in more than half of our TP patients. All younger patients had Graves' disease, and most older patients toxic nodular goitre. All patients were treated with antithyroid drugs, and all but one subsequently received (131)I therapy. Two patients were not mentally ill when thyrotoxicosis was diagnosed, but suffered major mood swings when thyroid hormone levels were falling. There was no specific psychiatric clinical picture but affective psychoses were commonest - seven depression, seven mania. The other diagnoses were two schizophreniform, one paranoid, and one delirium. Initially, neuroleptic medication was used in all but one patient, and during long-term follow-up (median 11 years) more than half our series had remained well with no further psychiatric problems. Statistical analysis was restricted to thyrotoxic patients with first psychiatric hospital admission for affective psychosis. During the 20-year period, there were nine thyrotoxic patients (95% confidence interval 4.5-17.1) with concurrent affective psychosis requiring first admission, and the calculated expected number was only 0.36. These findings indicate a clear association well above chance co-occurrence. TP is not a specific clinical picture, but affective psychoses are commonest. Statistical analysis of thyrotoxic patients with concurrent affective psychoses showed an incidence well above chance co-occurrence. It appears that thyrotoxicosis may be a precipitant of acute affective psychosis.

Analysis of apoptosis morphology in Epstein-Barr virus positive and negative Burkitt's lymphoma cells.

In recent studies of cycloheximide (CHX)-induced apoptosis in sublines of established Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines (BJA-B) both with and without Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, we noticed two distinct types of apoptosis morphology. In the present paper, we have classified these, and further carried out a statistical analysis of their incidence in untreated and CHX-treated EBV-free (EBV(-)) and EBV-infected (EBV(+)) BJA-B cells. Both types of apoptosis morphology demonstrated typical nuclear and cytoplasmic condensation. However, "Type 1 apoptotic cells" (AP1) maintained a spherical or ovoid shape, but "Type 2 apoptotic cells" (AP2) were typified by the lobulation of their nuclear and cytoplasmic structures to form "clover leaf" shapes. Statistical analysis of incidence: The numbers of AP1 and AP2 cells were analysed using a chi 2 test, with results as follows: EBV(-) cells underwent AP1 in preference to AP2 (90.5% versus 9.5%) (p < 0.001), whilst EBV(+) cells had comparably more AP2, making AP1 and AP2 approximately equal (49.3% versus 50.7%) (p > 0.1). In EBV(-) cells, treatment with CHX had little effect on the ratios of differing apoptotic morphology. In contrast, in the EBV(+) cells, cell death was altered from AP2 (50.7%-->25.2%) towards AP1(49.3%-->74.8%) (p < 0.001). We propose that cellular proteins known to be associated with EBV infection not only protect the cells from apoptosis, but also affect the phenotype of apoptosis. This knowledge may be useful for defining possible mechanisms of apoptosis induction and/or inhibition in specific models.

Lithium associated thyrotoxicosis: a report of 14 cases, with statistical analysis of incidence

Lithium is known to cause goitre and hypothyroidism, and has been associated less commonly with hyperthyroidism. We report a series of 14 patients with lithium associated thyrotoxicosis (LiAT), and have used epidemiological data to assess the association between long-term lithium treatment and the development of thyrotoxicosis. Information for this retrospective study was obtained from records of patients attending the thyroid clinic between 1973 and 1991. Statistical analysis of the association between long-term lithium treatment and incidence of thyrotoxicosis was made using local thyrotoxicosis incidence figures and lithium prescription data. Investigations included 99mTc pertechnetate thyroid scans, and blood analyses to measure serum T4, serum T3, free T4 index, and thyroid microsomal and thyroglobulin antibody titres. During the 18-year period there were 14 patients with LiAT. This number of cases of thyrotoxicosis occurring in patients on lithium was more than three times greater than that predicted from local thyrotoxicosis incidence rates (P < 0.05). Scintiscans were obtained for 13 patients: 8 had toxic diffuse goitre, 2 toxic multinodular goitre, 1 toxic uninodular goitre, and 2 had a lack of visualization consistent with 'painless thyroiditis'. Nine patients received a course of carbimazole and 6 of these remain in remission. Six patients have received 131I therapy. Eight patients have become hypothyroid at follow-up (5 post 131I, 1 following a course of carbimazole, and the 2 with 'painless thyroiditis'). Statistical analysis has shown that long-term lithium therapy is associated with an increased risk of thyrotoxicosis. LiAT is a heterogeneous condition with differing underlying thyroid pathologies and the mechanisms remain uncertain. The management of LiAT should initially be with antithyroid medication, and 131I therapy should be given only to patients who do not obtain long-term remission.

Angiographic Study on Infundibular Dilatation of the Posterior Communicating Artery

It is still debatable, whether the infundibular dilatation of the posterior communicating artery (ID) is preaneurysmal or not. Since there have been reports of aneurysms having developed clinically from ID, a proper follow-up or therapy procedures must be considered. In order to know what kind of cases must be followed up and operated on, incidence of ID was investigated on angiograms of 260 patients with cerebral aneurysms over the past 9 years. A statistical analysis of incidence and morphology of ID was performed. The results were as follows: 1) ID was seen in 67 out of 398 carotid angiograms (17%). This is about twice as much as in similar past studies on general neurological cases. 2) In patients with an internal carotid-posterior communicating artery aneurysm, the incidence of ID was much higher (P<0.05), and the ratio of round and large ID's was high (P<0.05). 3) Small ID's were mainly triangular in shape and large ID's chiefly round (P<0.01). 4) In young patients the ratio of large ID's was high (P<0.05). 5) In patients with a past history of hypertension, the ratio of large ID's was high (P<0.05). 6) In cases which had a well-developed posterior communicating artery, the ratio of round and large ID's was high (P<0.01). 7) In cases with a wide angle between the internal carotid artery and posterior communicating artery, the ratio of round and large ID's was high (P<0.05). Follow-up and therapy are indicated in cases with the above factors.

Rheumatic fever: A statistical analysis of incidence during sulfadiazine prophylaxis: Grand, M. J. H., Stanbury, J. B., Ekermeyer, E. W., and Purvis, J. D., Jr.: U. S. Nav. M. Bull. 46:1793 (Dec.), 1946

Rheumatic fever: A statistical analysis of incidence during sulfadiazine prophylaxis: Grand, M. J. H., Stanbury, J. B., Ekermeyer, E. W., and Purvis, J. D., Jr.: U. S. Nav. M. Bull. 46:1793 (Dec.), 1946