Static Synchronous Compensator Device Research Articles

Optimal Capacity and Location for STATCOM with Seasonal Wind Power Prediction Using C-Vine Copula

This paper proposes a selection strategy for determining the optimal capacity and location of a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) device under intermittent output variations of renewable energy sources using a multi-objective cuckoo search (MOCS) algorithm. The impact of seasonal output variations on the location and capacity of the STATCOM devices was analyzed based on the daily output variations of the wind turbines. Three objective functions were considered to determine the optimal location and capacity of the STATCOM devices: (1) minimizing the system line losses, (2) minimizing the transient voltage indicators, and (3) minimizing the total cost of the STATCOM capacity. MOCS was combined with the Pareto front to determine the non-dominated solution sets for the four seasons. The Manhattan distance method was used to select the most suitable installation locations and capacities within a specified time interval. Power flow calculations were performed using DIgSILENT Power Factory 2021 and MATLAB R2021b. To validate the proposed method, a test experiment was conducted using an IEEE 39 bus system.

A review of the STATCOM device for improving wind farm stability

This review article presents an overview of the Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) device, its working principle, and its application for improving the stability of wind farms. The article also highlights the importance of STATCOMs in enhancing the power quality of wind farms by improving voltage stability, reducing power fluctuations, and mitigating grid faults. Due to continuously fluctuating wind speeds and faults, the active power, reactive power, and terminal voltage are susceptible to continuous change, which applies to terminal voltage as well. When a STATCOM is connected to the grid, the active power, reactive power, and terminal voltage are maintained at the same level during the connection. This also contributes to an increase in the system's transient stability, which is an important consideration. The review further describes the modeling and control of STATCOMs, including the selection of appropriate control strategies for specific wind farm applications. Finally, the article concludes with a summary of the future research directions for the STATCOM device and its potential for integration into the smart grid.

Optimal Choice and Allocation of Shunt FACTS Devices Using Differential Search Algorithm

In this paper, new and efficient heuristic algorithm, Differential Search Algorithm (DSA), is used for optimal choice and allocation of shunt Flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) devices, Static Var Compensator (SVC) and Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM). In the proposed optimal location method, SVC and STATCOM devices are located randomly and dynamically with objective of minimizing the real power loss, improving the voltage profile and enhancing the voltage stability. The best solution sets for objectives aforementioned are achieved by minimizing each objective functions by the proposed approach. In order to evaluate the proposed methodology, it has been tested on IEEE 30 bus system and compared to another widely used optimization algorithm, Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm. The validity of the proposed optimization algorithm is proven by the results and comparative analysis with other method.

Voltage stability improvement of an Egyptian power grid‐based wind energy system using STATCOM

AbstractThe increase in electricity demand places its focus on renewable energies as sustainable energy resources. Wind energy is one of the most important green energy sources. The doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)‐based wind farm has now gained prominence due to its many advantages, such as variable speed operation and autonomous control of active and reactive power. When the DFIG stator windings are directly connected to the power grid, when a grid fault occurs, some unwanted high current may be produced in the rotor windings, and the protection system will prevent the rotor side converter (RSC) from operating. Therefore, voltage stability is a significant factor in maintaining the DFIG‐based wind farm in operation during grid faults and disturbances. This paper applies a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) to restore the voltage levels of the Egyptian power grid connected to Al Zafarana‐5th stage wind farm, which is made of 100 Gamesa G52/850 kW DFIG machines. In this paper, the STATCOM is controlled by a proportional integral (PI) and is compared with a STATCOM controlled by fuzzy logic control (FLC). For simulation, the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment is used. Moreover, the simulation results show that STATCOM devices with fuzzy logic controllers improve the effects of grid faults and disturbances such as a single line to ground fault, a line to line fault, voltage sag, and voltage swell as compared with STATCOM with PI controllers. Also, STATCOM devices based on FLC improve the stability and power quality of the system and the power system restoration procedures for the existing and future‐planned wind farms.

Isolated microgrid stability reinforcement using optimally controlled STATCOM

This paper presents optimal control of static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) intended for the application in isolated microgrids using genetic optimizers. The main objectives are to enhance the microgrid stability and reduce the oscillations in voltage, power, and frequency at different operating conditions. The proposed microgrid is a hybrid power system consisting of a diesel generator and a wind turbine each rated at 500 kW. The microgrid is supplying standalone static/dynamic loads rated at 500 kW. The wind turbine unit is controlled to operate at maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The diesel unit is used for ensuring the generation-demand equilibrium is maintained particularly under low wind speeds. The paper mainly discusses the voltage and frequency regulation of the isolated microgrid at different conditions such as: sudden changes in wind speed and/or load variations. Moreover, the proposed microgrid operation is examined under abnormal three-phase short circuit condition at the point of common coupling (PCC). To guarantee the microgrid voltage and frequency regulation at these diverse operating conditions, an optimally controlled STATCOM is considered as a reactive power source. The multi-objective genetic algorithm (GA) is used to obtain the optimal scheduling of the STATCOM controller’s gains without any delay in the control signal. From the simulation results, using Matlab™, the performance of the microgrid is improved and the oscillations in voltage, frequency, and power are reduced. The microgrid stability is enhanced using STATCOM device.

A novel tree seed algorithm for optimal reactive power planning and reconfiguration based STATCOM devices and PV sources

Reactive power dispatch based on static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and photovoltaic (PV) sources in coordination with reconfiguration strategy is vital task to ensure reliable operation of modern radial distribution (RD) systems. This paper introduces a novel tree seed algorithm (TSA) to improve the performance of modern RD power systems. A variant of TSA based on intelligent and flexible mechanism search is proposed to create an interactive equilibrium between exploration and exploitation during the search process to improve the global solution. Two objective functions, the total power loss and the margin reserve security are optimized under normal condition and critical load growth. To obtain reliable operation of the distribution system under critical situations, a reactive power dispatch based STATCOM devices is managed in coordination with the reconfiguration stage to find the best combination of sectionalizing switches and tie switches to be operated. The efficiency and particularity of the proposed distribution-planning strategy validated on two test systems, the radial 33 buses and the practical radial 250 buses (30 kV) of Sonelgaz Company located in Biskra in the south of Algeria. This radial electric network designed principally to deliver energy to several small and important agricultural consumers. Results obtained based on various test cases and scenarios using the proposed new planning strategy confirm the efficiency of the proposed planning strategy in terms of reduction of the total power loss, improvement voltage magnitude and enhancement of margin reserve.

Optimal Placement of Statcom for Iraqi National (400kV) Super High Voltage Grid System Genetic Algorithm Based Approach

The Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) is one of the most currently used Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices utilized to control the voltage and power flow. This work proposed an application of the STATCOM devices to maintain the voltages within the specified limits and enhancing voltage deviation, as well as reducing the apparent power losses. The STATCOM device has been chosen using the minimum possible size of the reactive power injected or absorbed by the STATCOM devices while satisfying the stability limits. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) is one of the Evolutionary Computation Techniques used to optimally determine the best locations and sizes of the STATCOM devices to be installed. The proposed approach has been examined and tested first on a 14-bus IEEE test system; the results obtained encouraged us to implement the same approach on the 27-bus Iraqi National (400kV) Super High Voltage Grid (INSHVG) System (part of the Iraqi power network), with different power system load conditions for all season in the year such as summer, winter, spring, and autumn to find the impact of the best location and size of each STATCOM device. A computer program, written in MatLab environment, was developed to represent the proposed method.

Dynamic voltage stability for embedded electrical networks in marine vessels using FACTS devices

The present paper focuses on embedded electrical networks (EEN) under electrical fault conditions. Indeed, the EEN can be affected by small or large disturbances, such as a low voltage ride through or a short-circuit in distribution or consumption parts of the embedded network. In fact, these problems can lead to the network instability and also affect the efficiency of marine vessels. In this work, the EEN can be converted into a flexible network by implementing the dynamic compensation devices. These devices can be considered as a synchronous machine that exchanges only the reactive power with EEN. Indeed, this compensation equipment entitled “Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS)”, and it is used to improve the dynamic voltage stability of EEN. In this paper, the electrical network performances on the marine vessels are improved when the EEN is affected by small or large disturbances. Moreover, these improvements are achieved by integrating the automatic voltage regulator for ensuring the transient voltage stability, while the static VAr compensator (SVC) and static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) are implemented on the bus-bar of EEN to improve the dynamic voltage stability of the electrical network. The results of this study are obtained by using “Simulink/Matlab” software and a comparative analysis between the efficiency of SVC and STATCOM devices on the EEN stability is also presented.

Improvement of bus voltage profiles of Nigerian power network in the presence of Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) and Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)

Frequent blackouts and unstable supply of electricity show that the voltage instability problem has been one of the major challenges facing the power system network in Nigeria. This study investigates the voltage stability analysis of the Nigerian power network in the presence of renewable energy sources; FACTS device is used as a voltage controller. A 330kV, 28-bus power system network was studied using the PSS/E software-based Newton-Raphson load-flow technique. The results show that 10 out of the 28 buses had voltages lying below the statutory limit of 0.95 ≤ 1.05 p.u. The application of STATCOM and DFIG devices on two of the weakest buses restored the voltages to acceptable statutory limits. The total active and reactive power losses were reduced to 18.76% and 18.82% respectively.
 Keywords: Voltage stability analysis; Integration of renewable energy sources; FACTS controllers, Reactive Power, Power Flow.

Analytically Modeling, Design and Analysis a Nonlinear Controller for a STATCOM operations

The concept of H Control is extended, in principle, to the SVPWM (Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation) based inverter switching of a STATCOM (STATic synchronous COMpensator) device. The SVPWM assures a greater value of modulation factor in the undermodulation as well as the overmodulation range compared to SPWM (Sine Pulse Width Modulation) i.e. a much higher fundamental content. In the present work, the STATCOM has been modeled and its model is nonlinear in (phase angle between fundamental of system voltage and output voltage of STATCOM. The effect of increased modulation index and lower harmonic distortion has been studied through simulation w.r.t. different performance indices and dynamic response of relevant variables. A PI and an H Controller have been designed for closed-loop control of the system. It is found through simulation that H controller gives better response than PI controller for nonlinear system.

Impact of PSS and STATCOM Devices to the Dynamic Performance of a Multi-Machine Power System

This paper studies the impact of leveraging both static syn­ch­ron­ous compensator (STATCOM) and power system stabilizer (PSS) on multi-machine power systems. Considering a sta­ndard IEEE 9-bus test power network, classic and intelligent controllers are applied to achieve the desirable system performance. Simulated tests show the usefulness of STATCOM on network power quality in terms of voltage profile. In addition, it is shown that it can significantly improve the damping oscillations of synchronous generator under normal and abnormal network conditions. As shown, the PSS also contributes to improving the synch­ron­o­u­s generator parameters. It is also observed that using intelligent controllers with STATCOM and PSS leads to a better perfor­ma­nc­e relative to the classic controllers.

Experimental Voltage Stabilization of a Variable Speed Wind Turbine Driving Synchronous Generator using STATCOM based on Genetic Algorithm

Abstract In this paper Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) is used for improving the performance of the power grid with wind turbine that drives synchronous generator. The main feature of the STATCOM is that it has the ability to absorb or inject rapidly reactive power to grid. Therefore the voltage regulation of the power grid with STATCOM device is achieved. STATCOM also improves the stability of the power system after occurring severe disturbance such as faults, or suddenly step change in wind speed. The proposed STATCOM controller is a Proportional-Integral (PI) controller tuned by Genetic Algorithm (GA). An experimental model was built in Helwan University to the proposed system. The system is tested at different operating conditions. The experimental results prove the effectiveness of the proposed STATCOM controller in damping the power system oscillations and restoring the power system voltage and stability.

Optimal Location of Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) for IEEE 5-Bus Standard System Using Genetic Algorithm

Heuristic approaches are traditionally applied to find the optimal size and optimal location of Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices in power systems. Genetic Algorithm (GA) technique has been applied to solve power engineering optimization problems giving better results than classical methods. This paper shows the application of GA for optimal sizing and allocation of a Static Compensator (STATCOM) in a power system. STATCOM devices used to increase transmission systems capacity and enhance voltage stability by regulate the voltages at its terminal by controlling the amount of reactive power injected into or absorbed from the power system. IEEE 5-bus standard system is used as an example to illustrate the technique used. Results showed that the STATCOM was able to reduce the voltage deviation and the apparent power losses with minimum possible size of installation capacity for STATCOM devices. GA plays its own requirements by finding best location and best size of STATCOM devices.
 

Transient Stability Enhancement by Optimal Location and Tuning of STATCOM Using PSO

Abstract Transient stability enhancement via optimal location and tuning of STATCOM is thoroughly investigated in this paper. The performance analysis of STATCOM has been executed for Western Science Coordinated Council (WSCC) 9 bus system for the enhancement of transient stability using Power System Analysis tool box (PSAT) software. The proposed Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm technique, location of the STATCOM device and parameter value is optimized simultaneously. The performance of STATCOM (Static synchronous Compensator) is implemented through the nonlinear time-domain simulation. The results are compared with the Particle Swarm optimization based tuned STATCOM. The proposed algorithm is very effective and analyzed using PSAT software.

POWER SYSTEM STABILITY IMPROVEMENT UNDER THREE PHASE FAULTS USING STATIC SYNCHRONOUS COMPENSATOR

In this research paper stability of power systems are analyzed by using a STATCOM. The STATCOM is a shunt connected facts devices. Mostly static compensator enhances the power system stability under three phase faults. The bus voltages are controlled using shunt type facts device. The control strategy is implemented by static synchronous compensator devices and it is found that system performance is enhanced under three phase faults. Due to three phase fault the problems arises in generator voltage, generator current, Infinite bus voltage, Infinite bus current and generator load angle of a power system are investigated in detail and resolved by designing and testing a test system using MATLAB/SIMULINK.

Comparison and Assessment of a Multiple Optimal Coordinated Design Based on PSS and the STATCOM Device for Damping Power System Oscillations

The aim of this study is to present a comprehensive comparison and assessment of the damping function improvement for the multiple damping stabilizers using the simultaneously coordinated design based on Power System Stabilizer (PSS) and Static synchronous Compensator (STATCOM). In electrical power system, the STATCOM device is used to support bus voltage by compensating reactive power; it is also capable of enhancing the stability of the power system by the adding a supplementary damping stabilizer to the internal AC or DC voltage control channel of the STATCOM inputs to serve as a Power Oscillation Damping (POD) controller. Simultaneous coordination can be performed in different ways. First, the dual-coordinated design between PSS and STATCOM AC-POD stabilizer or DC-POD stabilizer is used. Then, coordination between the AC and DC STATCOM-based POD stabilizers are arranged in a single STATCOM device without PSS. Second, the coordinated design has been extended to triple multiple stabilizers among PSS, the AC-based POD and the DC-based POD in a Single Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB). The parameters of the multiple stabilizers have been tuned in the coordinated design by using a Chaotic Particle Swarm Optimization (CPSO) algorithm that optimized the given eigenvalue-based objective function. The simulation results show that the dual-coordinated design provide satisfactory damping performance over the individual control responses. Furthermore, the-triple coordinated design has been shown to be more effective in damping oscillations than the dual damping stabilizers.

Research on Effects of STATCOM on Voltage in Wind Farm Based on PSASP

Recently, the static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) device has been installed in Jiuquan wind farm in Gansu Province. To study its ability to support voltage, this paper presents a study of the mathematical model of the steady state and transient state of STATCOM and then uses the power system analysis software package (PSASP) to establish a user-defined model of STATCOM. In addition, the model is added into the power system example (CEPRI 7). After that, the power flow calculation and transient stability calculation are carried out to simulate and analyze. At last the STATCOM device is field tested in Jiuquan wind power base. Test results verify that STATCOM effectively supports the grid voltage.

OO-Based STATCOM Installation for Power System Loading Margin Improvement

As electricity demands and power transactions continuously increase, it becomes vulnerable to voltage instability for power systems, generally incurred by over-utilized facilities or any contingency. The transmission system loading margin (LM) enhancement problem with Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) installation can be formulated as a mixed discrete-continuous nonlinear optimization problem (MDCP); due to the complexity of the MDCP, the computing burden might be very heavy. In the paper, the proposed ordinal optimization (OO) based STATCOM installation method is applied to the MDCP to solve for good enough solutions rather than the best solution, so as to largely reduce the computation burden. In the method, the crude method is first used to solve the MDCP and, based on OO theory, the exact method is then used to determine the good enough solutions. Finally, the good enough solution, as uses the fewest STATCOM device units for installation and makes the power system able to provide the required LM, is recommended for network reinforcement.

Research of STATCOM Impact on Wind Farm LVRT and Protection

Because of the wind turbine which possesses low voltage ride through (LVRT) capability can keep on working during the system fault, greatly reduce the adverse effects of power grid and ensure the relay protection reliability. However, the asynchronous wind turbine which widely used in home and abroad doesn’t have enough LVRT capability. So this paper proposes a method to enhance the LVRT capability of fixed speed induction generator (FSIG) based on wind farm using static synchronous compensator (STATCOM). And this paper establishes the simulation model of asynchronous wind generator wind farm and STATCOM in Matlab/Simulink software; the research results show that the STATCOM device can improve asynchronous wind farm LVRT capability. Then analysis the asynchronous wind generator which possess LVRT ability characteristics and the time of the action protection relations．According to the current wind farm system protection configuration, studying the asynchronous wind farm which with STATCOM device effect on protection configuration of system and the existing problems. At last, putting forward some reasonable measures of improving LVRT cooperate with relay protection characteristics and minimizing probability of wind power units take off the grid． DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v10i8.1650 Full Text: PDF

Coordination Control of Voltage Between STATCOM and Reactive Power Compensation Devices in Steady-State

This paper proposes a new coordinated voltage control scheme between STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator) and reactive power compensation devices, such as shunt elements(shunt capacitor and shunt reactor) and ULTC(Under-Load Tap Changer) transformer in a local substation. If STATCOM and reactive power compensators are cooperatively used with well designed control algorithm, the target of the voltage control can be achieved in a suddenly changed power system. Also, keeping reactive power reserve in a STATCOM during steady-state operation is always needed to provide reactive power requirements during emergencies. This paper describes the coordinative voltage control method to keep or control the voltage of power system in an allowable range of steady-state and securing method of momentary reactive power reserve using PSS/E with Python. In the proposed method of this paper, the voltage reference of STATCOM is adjusted to keep the voltage of the most sensitive bus to the change of loads and other reactive power compensators also are settled to supply the reactive power shortage in out range of STATCOM to cope with the change of loads. As the result of simulation, it is possible to keep the load bus voltage in limited range and secure the momentary reactive power reserve in spite of broad load range condition.