Static Signage Research Articles

Guided crowd evacuation: approaches and challenges

Evacuation leaders and&#x002F or equipment provide route and exit information for people and guide them to the expected destinations, which could make crowd evacuation more efficient in case of emergency. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of recent advances in guided crowd evacuation. Different guided crowd evacuation approaches are classified according to guidance approaches and technologies. A comprehensive analysis and comparison of crowd evacuation with static signage, dynamic signage, trained leader, mobile devices, mobile robot and wireless sensor networks are presented based on a single guidance mode perspective. In addition, the different evacuation guidance systems that use technology automated methods of evacuation are reviewed from a system&#x02BC s perspective. Future research in the area of crowd evacuation are also discussed.

Assessing the Impact of Sponsor Asset Selection, Intangible Rights, and Activation on Sponsorship Effectiveness

Abstract: Brand awareness is frequently cited as a main objective for firms engaging in sponsorship and is often used as a measurement of sponsorship effectiveness. Meanwhile, sport sponsorship has evolved from static signage and one-way messaging to include an exhaustive list of assets and intangible rights, along with extensive on-site activation, each with a specific incremental cost. Yet, it is unknown whether the mix of assets and rights firms may choose to purchase, along with an investment in activation, impacts their ability to generate greater sponsorship effectiveness in the form of brand awareness. While controlling for duration as a sponsor, results indicate that the selection of videoboard and LED in-stadium advertising, as well as on-site activation, led to increased brand awareness for sponsors. Moreover, category exclusivity and official status designation were also statistically significant predictors of brand recognition, with exclusivity doubling the probability that a sponsor is recognized by consumers.

Wayfinding Signage Considerations in International Airports

Airports are complex spaces that exist primarily for the purpose of allowing significant numbers of people to fly from and into, a specific location. In these spaces, wayfinding is an important process, given that these people need to be moved in a time effective and safe manner, to various locations within the airport. In addition to the use of space, human help, and electronic technologies, static signage is an important tool in guiding people in airports. In this study I focus on static signage as a wayfinding tool in airports and I report on the findings from three wayfinding audits that this author did in three UK international airports in the last year.

Wayfinding Signage Considerations in International Airports

Airports are complex spaces that exist primarily for the purpose of allowing significant numbers of people to fly from and into, a specific location. In these spaces, wayfinding is an important process, given that these people need to be moved in a time effective and safe manner, to various locations within the airport. In addition to the use of space, human help, and electronic technologies, static signage is an important tool in guiding people in airports. In this study I focus on static signage as a wayfinding tool in airports and I report on the findings from three wayfinding audits that this author did in three UK international airports in the last year.

Safety Effects of Icy-Curve Warning Systems

The California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) deployed an icy-curve warning system (ICWS) on a 5-mi section of SR-36 in Lassen County, California, over Fredonyer Pass. This section of roadway had a history as a high-crash location, with multiple fatal crashes. The vast majority of these accidents occurred when the pavement was icy, despite static signage that Caltrans had installed to increase motorist awareness. This study presents the results of research that investigated safety effects of the ICWS. An observational before–after study method with the empirical Bayes technique was used to determine the effects of ICWS on crash frequencies. The results showed that the ICWS reduced annual crashes by 18%. Moreover, analysis of ice-related accidents during winters found that the ICWS had reduced crash severities on this roadway section. On the basis of these results, a benefit analysis revealed that the ICWS provided an estimated monetary benefit of $1.7 million per winter season to motorists through reduced crashes. The study results are anticipated to contribute to a better understanding of safety effects of ice (or icy-curve) warning systems and increase the knowledge base of weather-specific treatments and their associated effects.

Reading, learning and enacting: interpretation at visitor sites in the Wet Tropics rainforest of Australia

The northern Wet Tropics rainforest of Australia was declared a world heritage site in 1988 and now supports an extensive tourism industry that attracts an estimated 2.5 million local and international visits annually. As part of the visitor experience, many sites include both environmental and cultural interpretation experiences, which range from static displays to one‐on‐one guided tours. This paper identifies visitor demand and level of satisfaction with the static signage and displays used at rainforest sites throughout the Wet Tropics. The research involves visitor surveys conducted in 2007 and 2008 and observations at a number of rainforest sites. The results indicate that visitors consider the level of interpretation to be adequate, but appear to use it poorly. While higher at commercial sites, visitor interest in reading the interpretation is very low at public sites. Overall, this article seeks to address whether the aims of nature‐based interpretation, including education and the influencing of attitudes and site behaviour, are being achieved.