Static Dynamic Stretching Research Articles

Experimental Study of Static-Dynamic Stretching and Muscle Strength and Its Effect on the Flexibility of Athletes in Gymnastics

The research objectives were to analyze: the effectiveness of static and dynamic stretching exercises for increasing flexibility; the effect of high and low muscle strength abilities on the flexibility of gymnastics athletes; and the interaction of the two types of exercise to increase flexibility in terms of muscle strength. The research method is a 2 x 2 factorial design experiment. The treatment is carried out for 18 times with 2 sets x 30s x 13 exercises, tr.ti: 90s: 2-3 minutes. The population as well as the sample, namely the rhythmic gymnastics athletes of Surakarta City, amounted to 20 people. The instruments used are back dynamometer and sit and reach. Two way ANOVA data analysis technique. The results showed that static stretching exercises had a better effect than dynamic stretching on flexibility in gymnastics athletes. Athletes with high muscle strength abilities were better than low muscle strength athletes with respect to flexibility. Static stretching is suitable for athletes with high muscle strength and dynamic stretching with low strength abilities.

Experimental Study of Static-Dynamic Stretching and Muscle Strength and Its Effect on the Flexibility of Athletes in Gymnastics

Experimental Study of Static-Dynamic Stretching and Muscle Strength and Its Effect on the Flexibility of Athletes in Gymnastics

Acute effect of different stretching protocols on flexibility, yoyo IR-1 and repeated sprint ability performance

The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effect of different stretching protocols on flexibility, Yo-Yo IR-1 and repeated sprint performance. The sample group of this study consists of 15 male (age: 21.80±1.37 years, stature: 1.77±.032 cm, body mass: 69.09±6.65 kg, body mass index (BMI) 21.94±2.01 (kg/m 2 ), body fat ratio (BFR) 10.87±3.98 (%)) who were doing regular exercise at least 3 years. This group performed 5 different stretching protocols on non-consecutive days. Stretching protocols were determined as follows: light jogging for only 5 minutes (NS), light jogging and static strectching (SS), light jogging and dynamic stretching (DS), light jogging and static + dynamic stretching (SDS), light jogging and dynamic + static stretching (DSS). Altough participants did not have a statistically significant effect on flexibility performance (p> 0.05), the best flexibility value was SS. Repeated sprint performance (best) values ​​of different stretching protocols did not have statistically significant effect on repeated sprint performance (moderate, worst, decline, post fatigue index) values (p> 0.05). Repeated sprint performance was found to have a statistically significant effect on Borg values ​​and HR mean values ​​(p <0.05). It was found that Yo-Yo IR-1 has a statistically significant effect on BORG values, Yo-Yo IR-1 performance HR (pre) values, Yo-Yo IR-1 performance HR (middle) values ​​and Yo-Yo IR-1 performance lactate values (p<0.05). According to the findings obtained as a result of the research; it has been observed that different stretching protocols have different effects in terms of repeated sprint, flexibility and Yo-Yo IR-1 performance parameters. Overall, these results suggest that flexibility performance may be improve after static stretching exercise.

Eight weeks of dynamic stretching during warm-ups improves jump power but not repeated or single sprint performance

There is abundant research involving the acute effects of stretching on subsequent performance; however, there is little information on dynamic stretch training programmes on range of motion (ROM), power and speed measures. It was the objective of this research to examine the training consequences of active dynamic stretching (ADS) and static dynamic stretching (SDS). A repeated measures design compared the effects of 8 weeks of warm-ups incorporating two dynamic stretch modalities: ADS and SDS on squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), 20-m sprint performances and repeated sprint ability (RSA) and hip ROM in 37 male soccer players. SJ height (SDS: 4.6%; ADS: 5.3%; p <0.05), CMJ height (SDS: 5.3%; ADS: 3.4%; p<0.05), CMJ force (SDS: 7.2%; ADS: 12.7%; p<0.001) and CMJ peak power (SDS: 3.9%; ADS: 3.3%; p<0.05) increased significantly after SDS and ADS training compared to the control group (no significant change). Sprint performance and RSA were not affected by either of the dynamic stretch training regimens. The SDS and ADS training programmes elicited similar improvements in flexibility (SDS: 57.6%; ADS: 45.1%; p<0.01) compared to the non-significant changes in the control group. The inclusion of ADS and SDS within the regular warm-up of an 8-week training programme can improve not only flexibility but also jump power measures as well.

The Effect of Different Warm Up Stretch Protocols on 20m-Sprint Performance in Trained Soccer Players

Abstract Aim : The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different static and dynamic stretch protocols on a 20-meter sprint. Method : 120 male soccer players were randomly assigned to 4 groups. (i) Passive static stretch (PSS) (n=30), (ii) active dynamic stretch (ADS) (n=30), (iii) active static stretch (ASS) (n=30), (iv) static dynamic stretch (SDS) (n=30). All groups performed a standard 10-min. jog as the warm-up, followed by two 20-m sprints. The 20-m sprints were repeated after subjects performed different stretch protocols. Results : The PSS and ASS groups had a significant increase in sprint period (P≤0.05), while the ADS group had a significant decrease in sprint period (p≤0.05). Conclusions : It was concluded that static stretching as part of a warm-up may decease short sprint performance, while active dynamic stretching seems to increase 20-m sprint performance.

Effect of uniaxial stretch on morphology and cytoskeleton of human mesenchymal stem cells: static vs. dynamic loading

Abstract Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are capable of self-renewal and differentiation into various cell lineages. Mechanical stimuli have been shown to regulate function of stem cells through alteration in morphology and structure. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare effects of uniaxial static stretch and combined static-dynamic stretch on the orientation, regulation and cytoskeletal structure of hMSCs. Mean values of topological were calculated before and after loadings. Moreover, fractal dimension (FD) was employed to quantify alterations in shape complexity of the cells. Internal cytoskeletal structure of cells was observed by actin filament staining. Results demonstrated a statistically significant change in cell topology and FD due to 10% static-dynamic stretch after 24 h. Static stretch was not as influential as dynamic loading. Whereas for combined static-dynamic stretch systemic alignment of cells was detected, in the static test group local alignment of actin fibers was observed, although the entire cell network was not totally aligned in a specific direction. It was concluded that dynamic stretch leads to cytoskeletal alignment and repolarization of hMSCs, whereas static stretch does not. Under static stretch hMSCs proliferated more than under dynamic stretch. Results can be applied in tissue engineering when functionalization of stem cells is required.

THE ACUTE EFFECTS OF COMBINED STATIC AND DYNAMIC STRETCH PROTOCOLS ON FIFTY-METER SPRINT PERFORMANCE IN TRACK-AND-FIELD ATHLETES

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of manipulating the static and dynamic stretch components associated with a traditional track-and-field warm-up. Eighteen experienced sprinters were randomly assigned in a repeated-measures, within-subject design study with 3 interventions: active dynamic stretch (ADS), static passive stretch combined with ADS (SADS), and static dynamic stretch combined with ADS (DADS). A standardized 800-m jogged warm-up was performed before each different stretch intervention, followed by two 50-m sprints. Results indicated that the SADS intervention yielded significantly (p ≤ 0.05) slower 50-m sprint times then either the ADS or DADS intervention. The decrease in sprint time observed after the ADS intervention compared to the DADS intervention was found to be nonsignificant (p > 0.05). The decrease in performance post–SADS intervention was attributed to a decrease in the musculotendinous unit (MTU) stiffness, possibly due to a reduction in muscle activation prior to ground contact, leading to a decrease in the MTU's ability to store and transfer elastic energy after the use of passive static stretch techniques. The improved 50-m sprint performance associated with the ADS and DADS interventions was linked to the rehearsal of specific movement patterns, helping proprioception and preactivation, allowing a more optimum switch from eccentric to concentric muscle contraction. It was concluded that passive static stretching in a warm-up decreases sprint performance, despite being combined with dynamic stretches, when compared to a solely dynamic stretch approach.

The Acute Effects of Combined Static and Dynamic Stretch Protocols on Fifty-Meter Sprint Performance in Track-and-Field Athletes

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of manipulating the static and dynamic stretch components associated with a traditional track-and-field warm-up. Eighteen experienced sprinters were randomly assigned in a repeated-measures, within-subject design study with 3 interventions: active dynamic stretch (ADS), static passive stretch combined with ADS (SADS), and static dynamic stretch combined with ADS (DADS). A standardized 800-m jogged warm-up was performed before each different stretch intervention, followed by two 50-m sprints. Results indicated that the SADS intervention yielded significantly (p < or = 0.05) slower 50-m sprint times then either the ADS or DADS intervention. The decrease in sprint time observed after the ADS intervention compared to the DADS intervention was found to be nonsignificant (p > 0.05). The decrease in performance post-SADS intervention was attributed to a decrease in the musculotendinous unit (MTU) stiffness, possibly due to a reduction in muscle activation prior to ground contact, leading to a decrease in the MTU's ability to store and transfer elastic energy after the use of passive static stretch techniques. The improved 50-m sprint performance associated with the ADS and DADS interventions was linked to the rehearsal of specific movement patterns, helping proprioception and preactivation, allowing a more optimum switch from eccentric to concentric muscle contraction. It was concluded that passive static stretching in a warm-up decreases sprint performance, despite being combined with dynamic stretches, when compared to a solely dynamic stretch approach.

THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT WARM-UP STRETCH PROTOCOLS ON 20 METER SPRINT PERFORMANCE IN TRAINED RUGBY UNION PLAYERS

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different static and dynamic stretch protocols on 20-m sprint performance. The 97 male rugby union players were assigned randomly to 4 groups: passive static stretch (PSS; n = 28), active dynamic stretch (ADS; n = 22), active static stretch (ASST; n = 24), and static dynamic stretch (SDS; n = 23). All groups performed a standard 10-minute jog warm-up, followed by two 20-m sprints. The 20-m sprints were then repeated after subjects had performed different stretch protocols. The PSS and ASST groups had a significant increase in sprint time (p ≤ 0.05), while the ADS group had a significant decrease in sprint time (p ≤ 0.05). The decrease in sprint time, observed in the SDS group, was found to be nonsignificant (p ≥ 0.05). The decrease in performance for the 2 static stretch groups was attributed to an increase in the musculotendinous unit (MTU) compliance, leading to a decrease in the MTU ability to store elastic energy in its eccentric phase. The reason why the ADS group improved performance is less clear, but could be linked to the rehearsal of specific movement patterns, which may help increase coordination of subsequent movement. It was concluded that static stretching as part of a warm-up may decrease short sprint performance, whereas active dynamic stretching seems to increase 20-m sprint performance.

The Effect of Different Warm-Up Stretch Protocols on 20 Meter Sprint Performance in Trained Rugby Union Players

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different static and dynamic stretch protocols on 20-m sprint performance. The 97 male rugby union players were assigned randomly to 4 groups: passive static stretch (PSS; n = 28), active dynamic stretch (ADS; n = 22), active static stretch (ASST; n = 24), and static dynamic stretch (SDS; n = 23). All groups performed a standard 10-minute jog warm-up, followed by two 20-m sprints. The 20-m sprints were then repeated after subjects had performed different stretch protocols. The PSS and ASST groups had a significant increase in sprint time (p < or = 0.05), while the ADS group had a significant decrease in sprint time (p < or = 0.05). The decrease in sprint time, observed in the SDS group, was found to be nonsignificant (p > or = 0.05). The decrease in performance for the 2 static stretch groups was attributed to an increase in the musculotendinous unit (MTU) compliance, leading to a decrease in the MTU ability to store elastic energy in its eccentric phase. The reason why the ADS group improved performance is less clear, but could be linked to the rehearsal of specific movement patterns, which may help increase coordination of subsequent movement. It was concluded that static stretching as part of a warm-up may decrease short sprint performance, whereas active dynamic stretching seems to increase 20-m sprint performance.